Structural and Functional Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix during Brain Development and Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (194) ◽  
pp. E79-E84
Author(s):  
Shinji Miyata
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Functional Remodeling ◽  
Development And Aging

scholarly journals Temporal changes in the gene expression heterogeneity during brain development and aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulaş Işıldak ◽  
Mehmet Somel ◽  
Janet M. Thornton ◽  
Handan Melike Dönertaş
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Gene Expression Heterogeneity ◽  
Development And Aging

Smad2 isoforms are differentially expressed during mouse brain development and aging

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Ueberham ◽  
Peggy Lange ◽  
Elke Ueberham ◽  
Martina K. Brückner ◽  
Maike Hartlage‐Rübsamen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
Mouse Brain Development

scholarly journals GGCX and VKORC1 inhibit osteocalcin endocrine functions

2015 ◽  
Vol 208 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Ferron ◽  
Julie Lacombe ◽  
Amélie Germain ◽  
Franck Oury ◽  
Gérard Karsenty
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Specific Gene

Osteocalcin (OCN) is an osteoblast-derived hormone favoring glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure, male fertility, brain development, and cognition. Before being secreted by osteoblasts in the bone extracellular matrix, OCN is γ-carboxylated by the γ-carboxylase (GGCX) on three glutamic acid residues, a cellular process requiring reduction of vitamin K (VK) by a second enzyme, a reductase called VKORC1. Although circumstantial evidence suggests that γ-carboxylation may inhibit OCN endocrine functions, genetic evidence that it is the case is still lacking. Here we show using cell-specific gene inactivation models that γ-carboxylation of OCN by GGCX inhibits its endocrine function. We further show that VKORC1 is required for OCN γ-carboxylation in osteoblasts, whereas its paralogue, VKORC1L1, is dispensable for this function and cannot compensate for the absence of VKORC1 in osteoblasts. This study genetically and biochemically delineates the functions of the enzymes required for OCN modification and demonstrates that it is the uncarboxylated form of OCN that acts as a hormone.

Extracellular matrix heparin induces alteration of the cell adhesion during brain development

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina A Ushakova ◽  
Irina R Nikonenko ◽  
Alexander G Nikonenko ◽  
Galina G Skibo
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Brain Development

scholarly journals Brain development and aging: Overlapping and unique patterns of change

NeuroImage ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian K. Tamnes ◽  
Kristine B. Walhovd ◽  
Anders M. Dale ◽  
Ylva Østby ◽  
Håkon Grydeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Development And Aging

scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment of the Intracranial Vasculature of Infants and Adults Using iCafe (Intracranial Artery Feature Extraction)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
Dennis W. W. Shaw ◽  
Stephen R. Dager ◽  
Neva M. Corrigan ◽  
Baocheng Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Intracranial Artery ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Tof Mra ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
Intracranial Vasculature

Comprehensive quantification of intracranial artery features may help to assess and understand regional variations of blood supply during early brain development and aging. We analyzed vasculature features of 27 healthy infants during natural sleep, 13 infants at 7-months (7.3 ± 1.0 month), and 14 infants at 12-months (11.7 ± 0.4 month), and 13 older healthy, awake adults (62.8 ± 8.7 years) to investigate age-related vascular differences as a preliminary study of vascular changes associated with brain development. 3D time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) acquisitions were processed in iCafe, a technique to quantify arterial features (http://icafe.clatfd.cn), to characterize intracranial vasculature. Overall, adult subjects were found to have increased ACA length, tortuosity, and vasculature density compared to both 7-month-old and 12-month-old infants, as well as MCA length compared to 7-month-old infants. No brain laterality differences were observed for any vascular measures in either infant or adult age groups. Reduced skull and brain sharpness, indicative of increased head motion and brain/vascular pulsation, respectively, were observed in infants but not correlated with length, tortuosity, or vasculature density measures. Quantitative analysis of TOF MRA using iCafe may provide an objective approach for systematic study of infant brain vascular development and for clinical assessment of adult and pediatric brain vascular diseases.

scholarly journals Widespread splicing changes in human brain development and aging

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Mazin ◽  
Jieyi Xiong ◽  
Xiling Liu ◽  
Zheng Yan ◽  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Human Brain Development ◽  
Development And Aging
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