Effects of tebufenozide on the assemblage of moths (Lepidoptera) in an operational spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) suppression programme

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-676
Author(s):  
Richard Westwood ◽  
Diana Saunders ◽  
Alana R. Westwood ◽  
Neil J. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tree Defoliation

AbstractTebufenozide (Mimic) kills Lepidoptera larvae that ingest it. Aerial applications of tebufenozide were made against spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in boreal forest in Manitoba, Canada, in 1999 and 2000. In 2000 and 2001, moths in sprayed and unsprayed plots were sampled with light traps; trapping was supplemented by foliage sampling. Relative to unsprayed plots, catches of spruce budworm moths in plots sprayed in 1999 and 2000 were depressed in 2000, but not in 2001. Host tree defoliation was reduced in 2000 by 1999 and 2000 applications; the 2000 application reduced numbers of spruce budworm larvae in 2000 and 2001. Multivariate analysis revealed negative effects of tebufenozide application on two species of non-target moths in 2000 and no negative effects in 2001. Negatively affected species have larvae feeding in the tree canopy at the time of spray application. Higher catches of non-target species in sprayed treatments were observed for three species in 2000 and two species in 2001. We conclude that tebufenozide can depress the numbers of spruce budworm larvae and provide foliage protection during the year of application and the following year, and that negative effects on non-target species are detectable for about 15 months after application.

Lepidoptera wing scales: a new paleoecological indicator for reconstructing spruce budworm abundance

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Navarro ◽  
Anne-Élizabeth Harvey ◽  
Hubert Morin
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Original Approach ◽  
Size Scales ◽  
Forest Landscape Dynamics ◽  
Wing Scales

Natural disturbances have a major impact on boreal forest landscape dynamics, and although fire history is well documented at the Holocene scale, spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)) (SBW) dynamics have only been known for the last three centuries. This is likely due to the difficulty in using and interpreting existing indicators (cephalic head capsules and feces). In this methodological study, we present an original approach using lepidopteran wing scales to reconstruct insect abundance. We analyzed two sediment cores from the boreal forest in central Quebec and extracted wing scales at every stratigraphic level. The required quantity of sediment for paleoecological analysis is relatively small given the large quantity of wing scales produced by Lepidoptera and their small size. Scales are well preserved due to their chitinous structure and their great variety of shapes offer a high potential for taxonomic identification. A statistical model based on the shape of scales of the three major epidemic lepidopterans in Quebec discriminated 68% of SBW scales. This indicator allows a more efficient and more precise reconstruction of SBW history with respect to the use of cephalic head capsules or feces.

scholarly journals Monitoring Spruce Budworm with Light Traps: The Effect of Trap Position

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Rhainds ◽  
Edward G. Kettela
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Trap Location ◽  
Median Date ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Highly Correlated

Daily records of adult spruce budworms,Choristoneura fumiferana(Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), captured at light traps at multiple locations in New Brunswick in the 1970s, are analyzed in relation to the physical position of light traps (tree canopies or forest clearings). Captures at light traps deployed in tree canopies were 4–400 times greater than those in forest clearings, especially for males. The phenology of captures (median date or duration of flight period) did not differ in relation to trap location. Captures of both males and females in tree canopies were highly correlated with egg densities, whereas no significant relationship was observed for either sex in forest clearings. Monitoring programs for spruce budworm adults using light traps should be standardized by deploying traps in tree canopies.

NOTES ON THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL FACTORS ON THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.)

1947 ◽  
Vol 79 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 195-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Wellington ◽  
W. R. Henson
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Response ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Compass Orientation ◽  
Orderly Transition

Concerning the light reactions of the adults, it may be noted that males are photopositive when in a dark-adapted state, but they rapidly become adapted to any light intensity and become extremely sluggish. Females in the dark-adapted state exbihit either photonegative behaviour or compassing behaviour, with no evidence that there is any orderly transition from one type of behaviour to the other. Light-compass orientation of flying females makes it possible to collect some at light traps, despite their normally negative response.

scholarly journals A Foliar Endophyte of White Spruce Reduces Survival of the Eastern Spruce Budworm and Tree Defoliation

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Quiring ◽  
Greg Adams ◽  
Andrew McCartney ◽  
Sara Edwards ◽  
J. David Miller
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Tree Defoliation ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm

Wild eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens) were reared on white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) trees, half of which had been previously inoculated with a native endophytic fungus, Phialocephala scopiformis DAOM 229536 Kowalski and Kehr (Helotiales, Ascomycota). Survival up to pupation and up to adult emergence was approximately 27% higher for budworm juveniles that developed on control trees compared to trees inoculated with the endophyte. The endophyte did not influence the size or sex of survivors but did reduce defoliation by approximately 30%. Reductions in defoliation on endophyte-inoculated versus control trees, due to reductions in survival of juvenile budworms, suggests that tree inoculations with P. scopiformis could play an important role in integrated management programs against the eastern spruce budworm.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of the Spruce Budworm in Western Ontario: A Discussion

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Behavior ◽  
High Concentrations

Spruce budworm outbreaks for the past two centuries in western Ontario occurred in two main sectors, the Lake Nipigon and the Lac Seul sectors. Some were common to both sectors, while others were specific to one or the other. Intervals between infestations within sectors averaged about 60 years. For western Ontario, budworm populations oscillated at irregular intervals ranging from 15 to 60 years. Infestations generally originated in the boreal forest in centers with high concentrations of fir, and then appeared in areas with lower volumes of fir. Fir content and the susceptibility to budworm attack of forests in western Ontario are compared with conditions prevailing in Quebec and the Maritimes. There are new outbreaks in western Ontario, and their future behavior could clarify some aspects of budworm epidemiology. Key words: Spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana; Balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.; Epidemiology.

ESTIMATED EGG DEPOSITION BY INVADING SPRUCE BUDWORM MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Miller ◽  
D. O. Greenbank ◽  
E. G. Kettela
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA 4000-ha block of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), infested forest in western New Brunswick was sprayed repeatedly in 1975 during the larval stage of budworm development. The objective was to reduce the population of the 1975 generation to a minimum level so that most of the following generation eggs found on the block could be attributed to invading females, thus providing data on the impact of moth invasion.The presence of dispersing adults in the airspace over the block was monitored by a ground-based radar unit while light traps and pheromone-baited traps were used to confirm that invasion had taken place. A total egg population of 33.8 masses per m2 of foliage was found on the block and indirect estimates suggest that invading females deposited about 10 of these masses.

scholarly journals Juvenile growth of black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) stands established during endemic and epidemic attacks by spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana [Clemens]) in the boreal forest of Quebec, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Krause ◽  
Hubert Morin ◽  
Pierre-Y. Plourde
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Volume Yield ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Naturally Regenerated Stands

In the boreal forest of Quebec, 80% of harvested black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) stands regenerate naturally. In the remaining 20%, forest regeneration is ensured by planting seedlings and these plantations are expected to increase future forest yields. However, predictions of future yields using the information from very young plantations in this ecosystem may have low accuracy. To compare juvenile growth in plantations versus naturally regenerated stands, and also to evaluate the impacts of spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) defoliation periods during the juvenile phase, annual height and volume growth were calculated from measurements on nine black spruce stands. The nine sites consisted of two plantations and seven post-fire, naturally regenerated stands. Of the seven naturally regenerated sites, four were epidemic and 3 endemic. The term “epidemic” refers to stands regenerated during known spruce budworm defoliation periods. The term “endemic” refers to stands regenerated during periods without severe defoliation. For height and volume growth, 5 different methods were used and compared. The annual height and volume growth of all black spruce showed a sigmoid trend, characterized by low values in the first years after germination, followed by an exponential acceleration and finally oscillation around a horizontal asymptote. The black spruce stands established during endemic periods were more productive than those established during epidemic periods, but plantations were the most productive. Key words: black spruce, juvenile growth, plantation, post-fire stands, spruce budworm outbreak, volume, yield

CARPENTER ANTS AS PREDATORS OF SPRUCE BUDWORM IN THE BOREAL FOREST OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Sanders ◽  
A. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Carpenter Ants ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Laboratory Colony

AbstractIn the boreal forest of northwestern Ontario, where carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.) construct extensive underground tunnels, few worker ants were seen on the aerial portions of trees containing colonies of the ants or on neighboring trees, even though the trees were infested by large numbers of spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)] larvae. Immunochemical techniques detected less spruce budworm soluble protein in worker ants from this area than in a laboratory colony that had been fed budworm larvae, or in a colony located in a spruce tree that was surrounded by gravel where the ants were unable to build underground tunnels and instead foraged extensively in the tree crown. This suggests that, in contrast to evidence from western North America, carpenter ants in the boreal forests of northwestern Ontario, and perhaps elsewhere throughout the range of the spruce budworm, are of limited importance as predators of the spruce budworm.

Derivation of Pheromone-Based Larval Thresholds in Spruce Budworm Accounting for Distance to Defoliated Forest Stands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Rhainds ◽  
Ian DeMerchant ◽  
Pierre Therrien
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
General Guideline ◽  
Number Of Males

Abstract Spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is the most severe defoliator of Pinaceae in Nearctic boreal forests. Three tools widely used to guide large-scale management decisions (year-to-year defoliation maps; density of overwintering second instars [L2]; number of males at pheromone traps) were integrated to derive pheromone-based thresholds corresponding to specific intergenerational transitions in larval densities (L2i → L2i+1), taking into account the novel finding that threshold estimates decline with distance to defoliated forest stands (DIST). Estimates of thresholds were highly variable between years, both numerically and in terms of interactive effects of L2i and DIST, which limit their heuristic value. In the context of early intervention strategy (L2i+1 > 6.5 individuals per branch), however, thresholds fluctuated within relatively narrow intervals across wide ranges of L2i and DIST, and values of 40–200 males per trap may thus be used as general guideline.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document