NOTES ON THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL FACTORS ON THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.)

1947 ◽  
Vol 79 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 195-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Wellington ◽  
W. R. Henson
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Response ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Compass Orientation ◽  
Orderly Transition

Concerning the light reactions of the adults, it may be noted that males are photopositive when in a dark-adapted state, but they rapidly become adapted to any light intensity and become extremely sluggish. Females in the dark-adapted state exbihit either photonegative behaviour or compassing behaviour, with no evidence that there is any orderly transition from one type of behaviour to the other. Light-compass orientation of flying females makes it possible to collect some at light traps, despite their normally negative response.

The Reactions of the Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.), (Orthoptera, Acrididae) to Physical Factors, with special Reference to Relative Humidity

1957 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Desert Locust ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Enclosed Space ◽  
Very High

Reactions of 3-day-old first- and fourth-instar hoppers of Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.) of phase gregaria, to three physical factors, namely to relative humidity, temperature and light have been studied in an alternative chamber apparatus designed to give an enclosed space with gradients of humidity. The responses to each factor independent of the others, and to the interactions of these factors, were considered.It was found that both the first- and the fourth-instar hoppers respond strongly to humidity. They are agitated by low, and even more by very high, humidities, but become more quiescent within a zone of 60–70 per cent. R.H., where they spend more time. Within this zone they hop and turn less and this decrease in activity appears to be a response which is independent of both temperature and of light intensity. This zone of decreased agitation has been called “the zone of minimum activity”. However, the speed of walking in contrast to the other types of activity, increased progressively with humidity.Increase in light intensity raises the level of activity at all humidities, i.e., it increases the duration of activity within the limits of experimental time and the speed of walking. With rise in temperature there is an increase in hopping, in klinokinesis and orthokinesis.

scholarly journals Monitoring Spruce Budworm with Light Traps: The Effect of Trap Position

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Rhainds ◽  
Edward G. Kettela
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Trap Location ◽  
Median Date ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Highly Correlated

Daily records of adult spruce budworms,Choristoneura fumiferana(Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), captured at light traps at multiple locations in New Brunswick in the 1970s, are analyzed in relation to the physical position of light traps (tree canopies or forest clearings). Captures at light traps deployed in tree canopies were 4–400 times greater than those in forest clearings, especially for males. The phenology of captures (median date or duration of flight period) did not differ in relation to trap location. Captures of both males and females in tree canopies were highly correlated with egg densities, whereas no significant relationship was observed for either sex in forest clearings. Monitoring programs for spruce budworm adults using light traps should be standardized by deploying traps in tree canopies.

EFFECTS OF BLENDS OF SEX PHEROMONE ISOMERS ON MATING AND ELECTROANTENNOGRAMS OF SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 1143-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Ross ◽  
W. D. Seabrook ◽  
G. C. Lonergan ◽  
P. Palaniswamy ◽  
B. Ponder
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
A Current ◽  
Female Laboratory

AbstractMale and female laboratory reared spruce budworm moths, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), were placed in cages in a conifer forest, and the surrounding air permeated by each of four blends of the E and Z isomers of the sex pheromone (11-tetradecenal) at two concentrations. Mating suppression of 53–83% was found for each blend tested. At one concentration the four suppressions were similar, while at the other only one was significantly different. Electroantennograms (EAGs) were obtained from male moths for each of six E:Z blends at four concentrations. EAGs were similar for most blends at a given concentration, but tended to be larger than at a blend of 0E:100Z.These results were discussed using a current hypothesis on the ability of males to detect sex pheromone in air containing pockets of different isomeric blends.

Dynamique de la sapinière à bouleau jaune de l'est après une épidémie de tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pominville ◽  
Stéphane Déry ◽  
Louis Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
The Dead

An outbreak of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), occurred between 1974 and 1987, in Quebec, in the eastern balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill, - yellow birch, Betula alleghaniensis Britton, ecoclimatic sub-domain. The effect of this disruption has been assessed in mesic balsam fir stands killed during the outbreak, in mesic balsam fir stands partially damaged and in the following stands, also partially damaged: mesic yellow birch – balsam fir stands, mesic white birch, Betulapapyrifera Marsh., - balsam fir stands, mesic balsam fir – yellow birch stands, mesic balsam fir – white birch stands and xeric balsam fir stands. To that effect, surveys were led before, immediately after, and about five years after the outbreak in two blocks that have not been protected with insecticides. These blocks, located in Charlevoix and in Shipshaw management units, are second growth stands originating from clearcuts which occured about 50 years ago. Approximately five years after the outbreak, abundant coniferous regeneration was found everywhere except in the mesic yellow birch –balsam fir stand and in the dead mesic balsam fir stand, where softwood represented less than 50% of the regeneration. On the other hand, young softwood stems were located under the regeneration of white birch and of mountain maple, Acer spicatum Lam, in dead balsam fir stands, in balsam fir – white birch stands, as well as in living balsam fir stands and under mountain maple in yellow birch – balsam fir stands and in balsam fir – yellow birch stands. Our age structures indicate that softwood advance growth was relatively rare in these stands. Thus, during the opening of the canopy by the spruce budworm, intolerant hard-woods and shrubs invaded the still available microsites. In the dead balsam fir stands, stocking of the dominant hardwood regeneration stems is equivalent to that of softwood. Thus, dead balsam fir stands are turning to mixed stands. Xeric stands will remain softwood stands since they show luxuriant softwood regeneration dominating in height. In the other stands, we will have to wait the harvest period before we can adequately assess succession.

SOME RELATIONSHIPS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) TO BLACK SPRUCE, PICEA MARIANA (MOENCH) VOSS

1957 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adequate Food

Spruce budworm larvae feeding on black spruce had a lower rate of development and a higher rate of mortality than those feeding on white spruce or balsam fir. This was attributable to the lateness in opening of the black spruce buds rather than to the inferior nutritional quality of the foliage. When staminate flowers were present in abundance on black spruce trees, development and survival of the insect was fairly similar to that on the other two species of trees; the flowers provided adequate food at the time of the third and fourth instars thus permitting the larvae to survive until the opening of the shoot buds. The late opening of the black spruce buds explains the relative immunity of this species to severe spruce budworm damage.

Carry-over effect of host nutritional quality on performance of spruce budworm progeny

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fuentealba ◽  
É. Bauce
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Laboratory Rearing

AbstractThe effect of host nutritional quality on spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)) parental and offspring performance was studied using field and laboratory rearing experiments, and foliar chemical analyses. Foliage of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and black spruce (P. mariana (Mill.) BSP) was used to rear the parental generation in the field, whereas an artificial diet was used to rear the progeny under laboratory conditions. Important differences in the food quality were provided by the three hosts. Black spruce foliage had higher concentrations of certain monoterpene deterrents and total phenolics, together with stronger seasonal declines in nutrients such as N, P and Mg, compared with the other hosts. We hypothesise that this trend may be related to poor performance and survival of the progeny. Laboratory rearing showed that progeny of parents that fed on black spruce exhibited longer developmental times and greater mortality, and had lower pupal mass than progeny of parents fed on the other hosts. Further, artificial food-fed progeny of insects reared on black spruce reached sixth-instar later, with lower mass, and exhibited higher relative growth rate (RGR) than progeny of parents fed on the other hosts. These results suggest nutritionally-based parental effects. These results also confirmed that the quality of food consumed by the parents can influence the fitness of the next generation.

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF (E,E)-9, 11-TETRADECADIENAL AGAINST MALE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-526
Author(s):  
C. J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Trichoid Sensilla

Priesner (1979) reported five types of receptor in the trichoid sensilla on the antennae of male spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana. One responded maximally to (E)-11-tetradecenal (Ell-TDAL), the primary component of the natural sex pheromone (Sanders and Weatherston 1976). Two other receptors showed maximum response to (E)- 11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate (E 11-TDACET) and (E)- 1l-tetradecen- 1-ol (E11-TDOL), respectively, both of which are present in female glands, but neither of which has been found in significant amounts in the emitted pheromone. The other two receptors showed maximum responses to (E)-9-tetradecenal (E9- TDAL) and (E,E)-9, 11-tetradecadienal (E9, E 11-TDDAL), respectively, neither of which has been reported from gland extracts or the emitted pheromone.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of the Spruce Budworm in Western Ontario: A Discussion

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Behavior ◽  
High Concentrations

Spruce budworm outbreaks for the past two centuries in western Ontario occurred in two main sectors, the Lake Nipigon and the Lac Seul sectors. Some were common to both sectors, while others were specific to one or the other. Intervals between infestations within sectors averaged about 60 years. For western Ontario, budworm populations oscillated at irregular intervals ranging from 15 to 60 years. Infestations generally originated in the boreal forest in centers with high concentrations of fir, and then appeared in areas with lower volumes of fir. Fir content and the susceptibility to budworm attack of forests in western Ontario are compared with conditions prevailing in Quebec and the Maritimes. There are new outbreaks in western Ontario, and their future behavior could clarify some aspects of budworm epidemiology. Key words: Spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana; Balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.; Epidemiology.

ESTIMATED EGG DEPOSITION BY INVADING SPRUCE BUDWORM MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Miller ◽  
D. O. Greenbank ◽  
E. G. Kettela
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA 4000-ha block of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), infested forest in western New Brunswick was sprayed repeatedly in 1975 during the larval stage of budworm development. The objective was to reduce the population of the 1975 generation to a minimum level so that most of the following generation eggs found on the block could be attributed to invading females, thus providing data on the impact of moth invasion.The presence of dispersing adults in the airspace over the block was monitored by a ground-based radar unit while light traps and pheromone-baited traps were used to confirm that invasion had taken place. A total egg population of 33.8 masses per m2 of foliage was found on the block and indirect estimates suggest that invading females deposited about 10 of these masses.

Effects of tebufenozide on the assemblage of moths (Lepidoptera) in an operational spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) suppression programme

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-676
Author(s):  
Richard Westwood ◽  
Diana Saunders ◽  
Alana R. Westwood ◽  
Neil J. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tree Defoliation

AbstractTebufenozide (Mimic) kills Lepidoptera larvae that ingest it. Aerial applications of tebufenozide were made against spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in boreal forest in Manitoba, Canada, in 1999 and 2000. In 2000 and 2001, moths in sprayed and unsprayed plots were sampled with light traps; trapping was supplemented by foliage sampling. Relative to unsprayed plots, catches of spruce budworm moths in plots sprayed in 1999 and 2000 were depressed in 2000, but not in 2001. Host tree defoliation was reduced in 2000 by 1999 and 2000 applications; the 2000 application reduced numbers of spruce budworm larvae in 2000 and 2001. Multivariate analysis revealed negative effects of tebufenozide application on two species of non-target moths in 2000 and no negative effects in 2001. Negatively affected species have larvae feeding in the tree canopy at the time of spray application. Higher catches of non-target species in sprayed treatments were observed for three species in 2000 and two species in 2001. We conclude that tebufenozide can depress the numbers of spruce budworm larvae and provide foliage protection during the year of application and the following year, and that negative effects on non-target species are detectable for about 15 months after application.

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