Resistance to Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in a Canadian spring wheat cultivar

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian L. Wise ◽  
Robert J. Lamb ◽  
Ronald I.H. McKenzie ◽  
Jay W. Whistlecraft
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

AbstractThe Canadian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; Poaceae) cultivar ‘Superb’ was less susceptible to damage by Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), than the spring wheat cultivars ‘AC Barrie’, ‘AC Foremost’, ‘McKenzie’, ‘AC Domain’, and ‘Glenlea’ in Manitoba. The partial resistance of ‘Superb’ was similar, at the seedling stage, to that of ‘Guard’, which possesses the resistance gene H18. Females laid eggs readily on all cultivars, providing no evidence for antixenosis, but few larvae developed on seedlings of ‘Superb’ and ‘Guard’, showing that antibiosis against larvae is the mechanism of resistance in these seedlings. In the field, where infestation of spring wheat takes place about 4 weeks after the seedling stage, ‘Guard’ continued to show high levels of resistance, but ‘Superb’ was less resistant, although still more resistant than highly susceptible cultivars. Infested stems of ‘Superb’ and ‘Nordic’ were less likely to break than infested stems of other cultivars, showing that these two cultivars are partially tolerant to infestation. Infested stems of ‘Guard’ and other cultivars showed high levels of stem breakage and are intolerant. Yield losses due to infestation by Hessian fly were mostly caused by the breakage and falling over of infested stems, which prevented the seeds on these stems from being harvested. Infested stems of all susceptible cultivars that remained standing at harvest had lower seed masses and fewer seeds per spike than uninfested stems, which contributed to yield loss. ‘Grandin’, a parent of ‘Superb’, is the probable source of resistance in ‘Superb’, but the pedigree of ‘Grandin’ provides no clue as to the gene(s) involved. The partial antibiosis and tolerance expressed by ‘Superb’ is sufficient to reduce losses to Hessian fly by 65% in comparison with a susceptible cultivar such as ‘AC Barrie’. ‘Superb’ is the first Canadian spring wheat cultivar identified to have an agronomically useful level of resistance to Hessian fly.

Tolerances of wheat cultivars to pre-emergence herbicides

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 922 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Lemerle ◽  
AR Leys ◽  
RB Hinkley ◽  
JA Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
South Wales

Twelve spring wheat cultivars were tested in southern New South Wales for their tolerances to the recommended rates and three times the recommended rates of trifluralin, pendimethalin, tri-allate and chlorsulfuron. Recommended rates of these herbicides did not affect the emergence or grain yield of any cultivar. However, differences between cultivars in their tolerances to trifluralin, pendimethalin and chlorsulfuron at three times the recommended rate were identified. The extent of the reduction in emergence and/or grain yield varied with herbicide and season, and there was also a herbicidexseason interaction. Durati, Songlen and Tincurrin were the most susceptible cultivars to trifluralin, and Teal was the most tolerant. Yield losses from trifluralin were more severe in 1979 than in 1980 or 1981. The differential between cultivars treated with pendimethalin was smaller and more variable; Tincurrin was the only cultivar with a yield reduction in more than one season. Durati, Songlen and Shortim were the only cultivars affected by chlorsulfuron. A reduction in crop emergence of a cultivar treated with trifluralin or pendimethalin did not correlate consistently with any grain yield loss, and reductions in emergence were always greater than yield loss.

WHEAT CULTIVAR IDENTIFICATION BY GLIADIN ELECTROPHOREGRAMS. I. APPARATUS, METHOD AND NOMENCLATURE

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. BUSHUK ◽  
R. R. ZILLMAN
Keyword(s):  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Major Band ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

An apparatus and method are described for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of gliadins. Since the gliadin pattern (electrophoregram) is a genotypic character, electrophoresis offers a promising means for identifying wheat cultivars. Electrophoregrams are presented for a number of wheat cultivars to illustrate the results that can be obtained by the method described. A new nomenclature for gliadin bands (components) separated by this method is also presented. The nomenclature uses a major band in the electrophoregram of the Canadian hard red spring wheat cultivar Marquis as the reference. It was assigned an arbitrary mobility of 0.50; all other bands of Marquis and other cultivars are identified on the basis of electrophoretic mobility relative to 0.50 for the reference band under identical electrophoresis conditions.

scholarly journals Antibiosis to Metopolophium dirhodum (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Spring Wheat and Emmer Cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2979-2985
Author(s):  
Hana Platková ◽  
Jiří Skuhrovec ◽  
Pavel Saska
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

Abstract Yield losses caused by pests, including aphids, can be substantial in cereals. Breeding for resistance against aphids is therefore desirable for enhancing the economic and environmental sustainability of cereal production. The aim of our study was to reveal the degree of antibiosis against Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Homoptera: Aphididae), in four cultivars of spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (‘Alicia’, ‘Odeta’, ‘Libertina’, ‘Astrid’), and two cultivars of emmer, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübler) Thell. (‘Rudico’, ‘Tapiruz’) (both Poales: Poaceae) under controlled laboratory conditions. Using age-stage, two-sex life table, we quantified responses of M. dirhodum to each cultivar and to project population growth. The spring wheat and emmer cultivars varied in their suitability to M. dirhodum. The cultivar most susceptible to M. dirhodum was the emmer cultivar ‘Rudico’; the projected population size of M. dirhodum on this cultivar was one order of magnitude larger than those on other cultivars. The most resistant cultivar was the spring wheat cultivar ‘Libertina’. Since emmer is commonly used as a gene source for breeding T. aestivum, we advocate that care be taken to avoid the transmission of genes responsible for suitability to aphids from emmer to T. aestivum.

Early-maturing spring wheat outperforms late-maturing winter wheat in the high rainfall environment of south-western Victoria

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Riffkin ◽  
P. M. Evans ◽  
J. F. Chin ◽  
G. A. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

The aim of this experiment was to identify suitable cultivars and sowing times for winter and spring wheat types in the high rainfall environment of south-western Victoria. Spring and winter wheat cultivars with a range of flowering times were sown at 3 (April–June) and 6 (April–September) sowing times in 1997 and 1999, respectively, at Hamilton. Strong cultivar × sowing time interactions occurred. Grain yields ranged from 0.3 t/ha for a winter wheat (cv. Declic) sown in September to 8 t/ha for a spring wheat (cv. Silverstar) sown in June. The early-maturing spring wheat cultivar Silverstar, initially bred for the lower rainfall Mallee environment, produced the highest yields in both years from all sowing times except April. Our data indicate that higher yields are achieved from crops that flower earlier than is currently recommended. The optimum flowering period in south-western Victoria needs to be redefined, especially since many crops are now sown on raised beds.

Round-leaved Mallow (Malva pusilla) Interference in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Lentil (Lens culinaris) in Saskatchewan

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberte M. D. Makowski
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Tiller Density

The competitive ability of annual round-leaved mallow was determined in spring wheat and lentil at Indian Head and Regina, Saskatchewan, in 1985 and 1986 using paired quadrats. Significant biomass and seed yield loss occurred in three of four tests in lentil and two of three tests in spring wheat. Differences in numbers of wheat tillers produced between weedy and weed-free plots were found in three of four tests. A two-variable model comprised of early season crop density loss and round-leaved mallow biomass best accounted for the majority of variation in crop yield loss for both lentil and wheat, and tiller density loss in wheat. In 1985 at Indian Head, where no yield loss occurred for either wheat or lentil, round-leaved mallow had been seeded immediately before the crop. Greater yield losses occurred at Regina, in the presence of an older, well-established infestation. In the years and locations with the greatest crop yield losses, round-leaved mallow emerged before the crop causing poor crop emergence. At Regina in 1986, crop yield losses were more than 60% in wheat and 90 to 100% in lentil because of large differences in crop density between weed-free and weedy subplots. Round-leaved mallow exhibited great variability in growth, producing more biomass per plant, more capsules per plant, and more capsules per gram of biomass in the less competitive crop, lentil, than in wheat. Density and biomass of round-leaved mallow were not correlated; with a density of 200 plants m−2, round-leaved mallow biomass in wheat ranged from 100 to 500 g m−2; while in lentil, from 200 to as high as 1000 g m−2, approximately double the range found in wheat. The type of round-leaved mallow infestation (newly seeded or well-established) and environmental conditions (mainly early season precipitation) account for differences between sites and between years.

Glenavon hard red extra strong spring wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Humphreys ◽  
T. F. Townley-Smith ◽  
E. Czarnecki ◽  
S. L. Fox ◽  
P. D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Glenavon hard red extra strong spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is adapted to the Canadian prairies. It combines 2 to 6% higher grain yield with improved test weight compared to AC Corinne, Glenlea and Wildcat. It is resistant to moderately resistant to prevalent races of leaf and stem rust, resistant to loose smut, and of intermediate resistance to common bunt. Glenavon is eligible for all grades of the Canada Western Extra Strong wheat class. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., Canada Western Extra Strong, hard red extra strong spring wheat, cultivar description, yield, disease resistance

Traits in Spring Wheat Cultivars Associated with Yield Loss Caused by a Heat Stress Episode after Anthesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vignjevic ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
J. E. Olesen ◽  
B. Wollenweber
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

scholarly journals The performance of spring wheat cultivar mixtures under conventional and organic management in Western Canada

age ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Chen ◽  
Khang Nguyen ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Brian L. Beres ◽  
Pierre J. Hucl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Cultivar Mixtures
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