scholarly journals Antibiosis to Metopolophium dirhodum (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Spring Wheat and Emmer Cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2979-2985
Author(s):  
Hana Platková ◽  
Jiří Skuhrovec ◽  
Pavel Saska
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

Abstract Yield losses caused by pests, including aphids, can be substantial in cereals. Breeding for resistance against aphids is therefore desirable for enhancing the economic and environmental sustainability of cereal production. The aim of our study was to reveal the degree of antibiosis against Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Homoptera: Aphididae), in four cultivars of spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (‘Alicia’, ‘Odeta’, ‘Libertina’, ‘Astrid’), and two cultivars of emmer, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübler) Thell. (‘Rudico’, ‘Tapiruz’) (both Poales: Poaceae) under controlled laboratory conditions. Using age-stage, two-sex life table, we quantified responses of M. dirhodum to each cultivar and to project population growth. The spring wheat and emmer cultivars varied in their suitability to M. dirhodum. The cultivar most susceptible to M. dirhodum was the emmer cultivar ‘Rudico’; the projected population size of M. dirhodum on this cultivar was one order of magnitude larger than those on other cultivars. The most resistant cultivar was the spring wheat cultivar ‘Libertina’. Since emmer is commonly used as a gene source for breeding T. aestivum, we advocate that care be taken to avoid the transmission of genes responsible for suitability to aphids from emmer to T. aestivum.

Glenavon hard red extra strong spring wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Humphreys ◽  
T. F. Townley-Smith ◽  
E. Czarnecki ◽  
S. L. Fox ◽  
P. D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Glenavon hard red extra strong spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is adapted to the Canadian prairies. It combines 2 to 6% higher grain yield with improved test weight compared to AC Corinne, Glenlea and Wildcat. It is resistant to moderately resistant to prevalent races of leaf and stem rust, resistant to loose smut, and of intermediate resistance to common bunt. Glenavon is eligible for all grades of the Canada Western Extra Strong wheat class. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., Canada Western Extra Strong, hard red extra strong spring wheat, cultivar description, yield, disease resistance

Resistance to Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in a Canadian spring wheat cultivar

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian L. Wise ◽  
Robert J. Lamb ◽  
Ronald I.H. McKenzie ◽  
Jay W. Whistlecraft
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

AbstractThe Canadian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; Poaceae) cultivar ‘Superb’ was less susceptible to damage by Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), than the spring wheat cultivars ‘AC Barrie’, ‘AC Foremost’, ‘McKenzie’, ‘AC Domain’, and ‘Glenlea’ in Manitoba. The partial resistance of ‘Superb’ was similar, at the seedling stage, to that of ‘Guard’, which possesses the resistance gene H18. Females laid eggs readily on all cultivars, providing no evidence for antixenosis, but few larvae developed on seedlings of ‘Superb’ and ‘Guard’, showing that antibiosis against larvae is the mechanism of resistance in these seedlings. In the field, where infestation of spring wheat takes place about 4 weeks after the seedling stage, ‘Guard’ continued to show high levels of resistance, but ‘Superb’ was less resistant, although still more resistant than highly susceptible cultivars. Infested stems of ‘Superb’ and ‘Nordic’ were less likely to break than infested stems of other cultivars, showing that these two cultivars are partially tolerant to infestation. Infested stems of ‘Guard’ and other cultivars showed high levels of stem breakage and are intolerant. Yield losses due to infestation by Hessian fly were mostly caused by the breakage and falling over of infested stems, which prevented the seeds on these stems from being harvested. Infested stems of all susceptible cultivars that remained standing at harvest had lower seed masses and fewer seeds per spike than uninfested stems, which contributed to yield loss. ‘Grandin’, a parent of ‘Superb’, is the probable source of resistance in ‘Superb’, but the pedigree of ‘Grandin’ provides no clue as to the gene(s) involved. The partial antibiosis and tolerance expressed by ‘Superb’ is sufficient to reduce losses to Hessian fly by 65% in comparison with a susceptible cultivar such as ‘AC Barrie’. ‘Superb’ is the first Canadian spring wheat cultivar identified to have an agronomically useful level of resistance to Hessian fly.

AC Elsa hard red spring wheat

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

AC Elsa, hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is adapted to the Canadian Prairies. It combines high grain yield with high grain protein concentration in a short strawed background. It has improved resistance to leaf spots compared with the check cultivars, and resistance to prevalent races of leaf rust, stem rust, loose smut, and common bunt. AC Elsa is eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring wheat. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., red spring wheat, cultivar description, yield, protein, disease resistance

REACTION OF CULTIVATED CEREALS TO CLAVICEPS PURPUREA

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. PLATFORD ◽  
C. C. BERNIER
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Disease Reaction ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

The influence of inoculum concentration on the reaction induced in species and cultivars of commercial cereals by two isolates of ergot (Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.) was investigated. Differences were observed among and within species with respect to each of the three components of the disease reaction, i.e., frequency of sclerotia, size of sclerotia, and amount of honeydew produced. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was less susceptible than the other cereal species. Significantly fewer sclerotia were produced on spring wheat except at high and low inoculum concentrations and the sclerotia were smaller and the honeydew less abundant. Inoculation of selected cultivars within each of the cereal species showed that only cultivars of spring wheat and durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) differed in the expression of the disease reaction. The spring wheat cultivar Kenya Farmer, and durum wheat cultivar Carleton were less susceptible than the commercial cultivars. Inoculum concentration affected sclerotial frequency in the species and cultivars tested but did not affect sclerotial size and honeydew development. The two isolates used in this study differed in their ability to induce sclerotia and also affected sclerotia size and honeydew production.

scholarly journals The performance of spring wheat cultivar mixtures under conventional and organic management in Western Canada

age ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Chen ◽  
Khang Nguyen ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Brian L. Beres ◽  
Pierre J. Hucl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Cultivar Mixtures

HY355 WHITE SPRING WHEAT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1245-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DE PAUW ◽  
T. F. TOWNLEY-SMITH ◽  
T. N. McCAIG ◽  
J. M. CLARKE ◽  
J. G. McLEOD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Hardness ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Photoperiod Insensitivity

HY355, white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) combines high grain yield, normal height and photoperiod insensitivity. HY355 is heterogeneous for kernel hardness with 55% of the breeder lines rated hard and 45% rated soft. HY355 is the first registered wheat cultivar eligible for grades of Canada Prairie Spring (white). It received a 2-yr interim registration on 6 May 1988.Key words: Wheat (spring), cultivar description

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