Traits in Spring Wheat Cultivars Associated with Yield Loss Caused by a Heat Stress Episode after Anthesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vignjevic ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
J. E. Olesen ◽  
B. Wollenweber
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

Tolerances of wheat cultivars to pre-emergence herbicides

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 922 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Lemerle ◽  
AR Leys ◽  
RB Hinkley ◽  
JA Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
South Wales

Twelve spring wheat cultivars were tested in southern New South Wales for their tolerances to the recommended rates and three times the recommended rates of trifluralin, pendimethalin, tri-allate and chlorsulfuron. Recommended rates of these herbicides did not affect the emergence or grain yield of any cultivar. However, differences between cultivars in their tolerances to trifluralin, pendimethalin and chlorsulfuron at three times the recommended rate were identified. The extent of the reduction in emergence and/or grain yield varied with herbicide and season, and there was also a herbicidexseason interaction. Durati, Songlen and Tincurrin were the most susceptible cultivars to trifluralin, and Teal was the most tolerant. Yield losses from trifluralin were more severe in 1979 than in 1980 or 1981. The differential between cultivars treated with pendimethalin was smaller and more variable; Tincurrin was the only cultivar with a yield reduction in more than one season. Durati, Songlen and Shortim were the only cultivars affected by chlorsulfuron. A reduction in crop emergence of a cultivar treated with trifluralin or pendimethalin did not correlate consistently with any grain yield loss, and reductions in emergence were always greater than yield loss.

Resistance to Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in a Canadian spring wheat cultivar

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian L. Wise ◽  
Robert J. Lamb ◽  
Ronald I.H. McKenzie ◽  
Jay W. Whistlecraft
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

AbstractThe Canadian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; Poaceae) cultivar ‘Superb’ was less susceptible to damage by Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), than the spring wheat cultivars ‘AC Barrie’, ‘AC Foremost’, ‘McKenzie’, ‘AC Domain’, and ‘Glenlea’ in Manitoba. The partial resistance of ‘Superb’ was similar, at the seedling stage, to that of ‘Guard’, which possesses the resistance gene H18. Females laid eggs readily on all cultivars, providing no evidence for antixenosis, but few larvae developed on seedlings of ‘Superb’ and ‘Guard’, showing that antibiosis against larvae is the mechanism of resistance in these seedlings. In the field, where infestation of spring wheat takes place about 4 weeks after the seedling stage, ‘Guard’ continued to show high levels of resistance, but ‘Superb’ was less resistant, although still more resistant than highly susceptible cultivars. Infested stems of ‘Superb’ and ‘Nordic’ were less likely to break than infested stems of other cultivars, showing that these two cultivars are partially tolerant to infestation. Infested stems of ‘Guard’ and other cultivars showed high levels of stem breakage and are intolerant. Yield losses due to infestation by Hessian fly were mostly caused by the breakage and falling over of infested stems, which prevented the seeds on these stems from being harvested. Infested stems of all susceptible cultivars that remained standing at harvest had lower seed masses and fewer seeds per spike than uninfested stems, which contributed to yield loss. ‘Grandin’, a parent of ‘Superb’, is the probable source of resistance in ‘Superb’, but the pedigree of ‘Grandin’ provides no clue as to the gene(s) involved. The partial antibiosis and tolerance expressed by ‘Superb’ is sufficient to reduce losses to Hessian fly by 65% in comparison with a susceptible cultivar such as ‘AC Barrie’. ‘Superb’ is the first Canadian spring wheat cultivar identified to have an agronomically useful level of resistance to Hessian fly.

Heat tolerance and expression of protein synthesis elongation factors, EF-Tu and EF-1α, in spring wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urška Bukovnik ◽  
Jianming Fu ◽  
Miranda Bennett ◽  
P. V. Vara Prasad ◽  
Zoran Ristic
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Elongation Factors ◽  
Protein Elongation

Protein elongation factors, EF-Tu and EF-1α, have been implicated in cell response to heat stress. We investigated the expression (accumulation) of EF-Tu and EF-1α in mature plants of spring wheat cultivars Kukri and Excalibur, and tested the hypothesis that cultivars with contrasting tolerance to heat stress differ in the accumulation of these elongation factors under prolonged exposure to high temperature (16 days at 36/30°C). In addition, we investigated the expression of EF-Tu and EF-1α in young plants experiencing a 24-h heat shock (43°C). Excalibur showed better tolerance to heat stress than Kukri. Heat stress induced accumulation of EF-Tu and EF-1α in mature plants of both cultivars, but to a greater extent in Excalibur. Young plants did not show appreciable accumulation of EF-Tu in response to heat shock. However, these plants showed increased accumulation of EF-1α and the accumulation appeared greater in Excalibur than in Kukri. The results support the hypothesis that EF-Tu plays a role in heat tolerance in spring wheat. The results also suggest that EF-1α may be of importance to wheat response to heat stress.

scholarly journals The Response of Iranian Spring Wheat Cultivars to Heat Stress at Anthesis and Grain Filling Stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (33) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Ahmad rezaeizadeh ◽  
valiollah Mohammadi ◽  
mohammadreza siahpoosh ◽  
ali ahmadi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential of Extra-Early Maturing Landraces for Improving Tolerance to Drought, Heat, and Both Combined Stresses in Maize

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Nelimor ◽  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
Antonia Yarney Tetteh ◽  
Ana Luísa Garcia-Oliveira ◽  
Assanvo Simon-Pierre N’guetta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Landrace Accessions

Maize landrace accessions constitute an invaluable gene pool of unexplored alleles that can be harnessed to mitigate the challenges of the narrowing genetic base, declined genetic gains, and reduced resilience to abiotic stress in modern varieties developed from repeated recycling of few superior breeding lines. The objective of this study was to identify extra-early maize landraces that express tolerance to drought and/or heat stress and maintain high grain yield (GY) with other desirable agronomic/morpho-physiological traits. Field experiments were carried out over two years on 66 extra-early maturing maize landraces and six drought and/or heat-tolerant populations under drought stress (DS), heat stress (HS), combined both stresses (DSHS), and non-stress (NS) conditions as a control. Wide variations were observed across the accessions for measured traits under each stress, demonstrating the existence of substantial natural variation for tolerance to the abiotic stresses in the maize accessions. Performance under DS was predictive of yield potential under DSHS, but tolerance to HS was independent of tolerance to DS and DSHS. The accessions displayed greater tolerance to HS (23% yield loss) relative to DS (49% yield loss) and DSHS (yield loss = 58%). Accessions TZm-1162, TZm-1167, TZm-1472, and TZm-1508 showed particularly good adaptation to the three stresses. These landrace accessions should be further explored to identify the genes underlying their high tolerance and they could be exploited in maize breeding as a resource for broadening the genetic base and increasing the abiotic stress resilience of elite maize varieties.

Assessment of heat stress and cloudiness probabilities in post-flowering of spring wheat and canola in the Southern Cone of South America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Martín Rivelli ◽  
María Elena Fernández Long ◽  
Leonor Gabriela Abeledo ◽  
Daniel Fernando Calderini ◽  
Daniel Julio Miralles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
South America ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Southern Cone

Correlation of Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Fusarium-Infected Winter and Spring Wheat Cultivars with Secondary Metabolites at Different Growth Stages

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (22) ◽  
pp. 4545-4555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Etzerodt ◽  
Rene Gislum ◽  
Bente B. Laursen ◽  
Kirsten Heinrichson ◽  
Per L. Gregersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Different Growth Stages
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