Notes on the Biology and Laboratory Colonization of Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett) (Diptera: Culicidae)

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Price
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Plant Association ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Wyeomyia Smithii ◽  
The Past ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
The Way

Since the initial observations on the pitcher plant mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett), from 1901 to 1904 by Smith (1901), only limited additional contributions have been made toward the understanding of the biology of this species. Horsfall (1955) indicates that, aside from one 1913 citation and a brief reference to his own observations, all material summarized by him about this species was reported by Smith. For the past 50 years, mosquito workers have generally limited their observations on W. smithii to statements of seasonal development in nature, this usually being in conjunction with a more detailed regional study emphasizing the ecology of other mosquito species. The wellknown specificity for the development of W. smithii only in the pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea, undoubtedly has precluded much in the way of laboratory investigations on this mosquito. However, during the summer of 1957, a large number of larvae of this species was found just north of Itasca State Park, Clearwater Co., Minn., and the opportunity presented itself to investigate the possibility of rearing W. smithii independent of the pitcher plant. It is the purpose of this paper to describe a method for the laboratory colonization of this mosquito completely free of any pitcher plant association and to make additional contributions to the biology of this species

EFFECTS OF FENITROTHION INSECTICIDE ON INHABITANTS OF LEAVES OF THE PITCHER PLANT, SARRACENIA PURPUREA L.

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.L. Fairchild ◽  
D.C. Eidt ◽  
C.A.A. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Pitcher Plants ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Wyeomyia Smithii ◽  
Metriocnemus Knabi

AbstractBy injecting fenitrothion into fluid in leaves of pitcher plants, Sarracenia purpurea L., it was determined that the mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett), and the midge, Metriocnemus knabi (Coquillett), are under some risk from fenitrothion forest sprays at the rate of 210 g AI/ha. Wyeomyia smithii is slightly more susceptible than is M. knabi. Other leaf inhabitants, mites and rotifers, were not affected by initial concentrations of fenitrothion in the fluid (up to 9.6 μg/L) that did affect the mosquito and the midge.

Phenology of the mosquito Wyeomyia smithii (Coq.) in Manitoba and Ontario

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. Farkas ◽  
Reinhart A. Brust
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Wyeomyia Smithii ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Summer Generation ◽  
Winter Snow

The phenology of Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett) within the water-filled leaves of Sarracenia purpurea L. (the purple pitcher plant) was studied during 1983 in bogs near The Pas and Patricia Beach, Manitoba, and Kenora, Ontario. Larvae that overwintered developed into adults by early July, and females laid eggs in newly opened leaves, as well as in the previous year's leaves. The largest portion of the developing larvae (summer generation) entered a third-instar diapause by mid-August and remained in this instar until the following spring. A small percentage of the summer generation at each site continued their development to adults and may have given rise to another generation. The number of larvae per leaf was positively correlated with leaf size. Pupation rates as well as adult size and fecundity did not vary significantly amongst sites. Smaller and less fecund individuals emerged as the season progressed. Over-winter survival of larvae was low at Patricia Beach (9%) but relatively high at The Pas (68%) during the winter of 1983–1984; survival was moderate (32–50%) during 1984–1985 at both locations. Overwintering success is likely enhanced by an early winter snow cover which insulates the larvae from low ambient temperatures from October to December at these sites.

The effect of a larval diet supplement on development in the mosquito Wyeomyia smithii (Coq.) under field conditions

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2110-2113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. Farkas ◽  
Reinhart A. Brust
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Wyeomyia Smithii ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Diet Supplement

The effect of a larval diet supplement on Wyeomyia smithii (Coq.) development was studied within the water-filled leaves of Sarracenia purpurea L. (the purple pitcher plant) in bogs near The Pas and Patricia Beach, Manitoba, and near Kenora, Ontario. The larval diet supplement added to overwintered pitcher plant leaves in the spring was found to significantly accelerate the development of larvae and to produce larger and more fecund adults. Food-limited development of larvae probably plays an important role in the percentage of W. smithii that are bivoltine in northern latitudes.

Overwintering ecology of the aquatic fauna associated with the pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea L.

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1455-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Wyeomyia Smithii ◽  
Aquatic Fauna ◽  
Metriocnemus Knabi ◽  
Overwintering Mortality

Larvae of Metriocnemus knabi (Chironomidae) and Wyeomyia smithii (Culicidae) are frozen into their habitat for about 4 months in the winter. Under these conditions the overwintering mortality is estimated to be less than 5%.

Aquatic insect populations in transplanted and natural populations of the purple pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea, on Prince Edward Island, Canada

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1956-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Loretta Hardwick ◽  
Donna J. Giberson
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Plant Abundance ◽  
Pitcher Plants ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Wyeomyia Smithii ◽  
Metriocnemus Knabi ◽  
Insect Populations

In early July 1991, 234 pitcher plants (Sarracenia purpurea) were transplanted from a Prince Edward Island bog being mined for peat into three bogs that varied with respect to previous pitcher plant abundance. One bog had a thriving natural pitcher plant population prior to transplant, while the other two had fewer than three pitcher plants. Between mid-June and late August 1993, abundances of the pitcher plant inquilines Wyeomyia smithii (Diptera: Culicidae), Metriocnemus knabi (Diptera: Chironomidae) and an unidentified sarcophagid fly (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from transplant bogs were compared with remaining populations in the source bog and with other natural populations. Of the three inquilines, W. smithii was the most severely affected by transplant; it was extremely rare or absent in transplanted pitchers, although it was found in all other bogs investigated on Prince Edward Island. Metriocnemus knabi larvae were common in all bogs investigated, except for those transplant bogs where pitcher plants were rare prior to transplant. Sarcophagid larvae were found in all of the bogs sampled, and were apparently unaffected by transplant. Desiccation during the transplant process, as well as the time of the transplant, may play a role in the success of recolonization of the pitcher plants after transplanting.

Remembering the Past in Nineteenth-Century Scotland

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevailing View ◽  
The Way

At a time when the Union between Scotland and England is once again under the spotlight, Remembering the Past in Nineteenth-Century Scotland examines the way in which Scotland’s national heroes were once remembered as champions of both Scottish and British patriotism. Whereas 19th-century Scotland is popularly depicted as a mire of sentimental Jacobitism and kow-towing unionism, this book shows how Scotland’s national heroes were once the embodiment of a consistent, expressive and robust view of Scottish nationality. Whether celebrating the legacy of William Wallace and Robert Bruce, the reformer John Knox, the Covenanters, 19th-century Scots rooted their national heroes in a Presbyterian and unionist view of Scotland’s past. Examined through the prism of commemoration, this book uncovers collective memories of Scotland’s past entirely opposed to 21st-century assumptions of medieval proto-nationalism and Calvinist misery. Detailed studies of 19th-century commemoration of Scotland’s national heroes Uncovers an all but forgotten interpretation of these ‘great Scots’ Shines a new light on the mindset of nineteenth-century Scottish national identity as being comfortably Scottish and British Overturns the prevailing view of Victorian Scottishness as parochial, sentimental tartanry

Profilometry. Using Corneo-scleral topography for scleral lens fitting

The Eye ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (128) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Gregory DeNaeyer
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

The world-wide use of scleral contact lenses has dramatically increased over the past 10 year and has changed the way that we manage patients with corneal irregularity. Successfully fitting them can be challenging especially for eyes that have significant asymmetries of the cornea or sclera. The future of scleral lens fitting is utilizing corneo-scleral topography to accurately measure the anterior ocular surface and then using software to design lenses that identically match the scleral surface and evenly vault the cornea. This process allows the practitioner to efficiently fit a customized scleral lens that successfully provides the patient with comfortable wear and improved vision.

The Southern Slope of Monsalvat: How Spanish Wagnerism Became Catalan

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
Clinton D. Young
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Modern Music ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Symphonic Culture ◽  
Similar Dynamic ◽  
The Way

This article examines the development of Wagnerism in late-nineteenth-century Spain, focusing on how it became an integral part of Catalan nationalism. The reception of Wagner's music and ideas in Spain was determined by the country's uneven economic development and the weakness of its musical and political institutions—the same weaknesses that were responsible for the rise of Catalan nationalism. Lack of a symphonic culture in Spain meant that audiences were not prepared to comprehend Wagner's complexity, but that same complexity made Wagner's ideas acceptable to Spanish reformers who saw in the composer an exemplar of the European ideas needed to fix Spanish problems. Thus, when Wagner's operas were first staged in Spain, the Teatro Real de Madrid stressed Wagner's continuity with operas of the past; however, critics and audiences engaged with the works as difficult forms of modern music. The rejection of Wagner in the Spanish capital cleared the way for his ideas to be adopted in Catalonia. A similar dynamic occurred as Spanish composers tried to meld Wagner into their attempts to build a nationalist school of opera composition. The failure of Tomás Bréton's Los amantes de Teruel and Garín cleared the way for Felip Pedrell's more successful theoretical fusion of Wagnerism and nationalism. While Pedrell's opera Els Pirineus was a failure, his explanation of how Wagner's ideals and nationalism could be fused in the treatise Por nuestra música cemented the link between Catalan culture and Wagnerism.

The End of History Museums: What's Plan B??

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cary Carson
Keyword(s):  
Historic Sites ◽  
The Public ◽  
End Of History ◽  
House Museums ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Museums ◽  
Plan B ◽  
The End Of History ◽  
The Way

Abstract Are historic sites and house museums destined to go the way of Oldsmobiles and floppy disks?? Visitation has trended downwards for thirty years. Theories abound, but no one really knows why. To launch a discussion of the problem in the pages of The Public Historian, Cary Carson cautions against the pessimistic view that the past is simply passéé. Instead he offers a ““Plan B”” that takes account of the new way that learners today organize information to make history meaningful.

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