Overwintering ecology of the aquatic fauna associated with the pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea L.

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1455-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Wyeomyia Smithii ◽  
Aquatic Fauna ◽  
Metriocnemus Knabi ◽  
Overwintering Mortality

Larvae of Metriocnemus knabi (Chironomidae) and Wyeomyia smithii (Culicidae) are frozen into their habitat for about 4 months in the winter. Under these conditions the overwintering mortality is estimated to be less than 5%.

EFFECTS OF FENITROTHION INSECTICIDE ON INHABITANTS OF LEAVES OF THE PITCHER PLANT, SARRACENIA PURPUREA L.

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.L. Fairchild ◽  
D.C. Eidt ◽  
C.A.A. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Pitcher Plants ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Wyeomyia Smithii ◽  
Metriocnemus Knabi

AbstractBy injecting fenitrothion into fluid in leaves of pitcher plants, Sarracenia purpurea L., it was determined that the mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett), and the midge, Metriocnemus knabi (Coquillett), are under some risk from fenitrothion forest sprays at the rate of 210 g AI/ha. Wyeomyia smithii is slightly more susceptible than is M. knabi. Other leaf inhabitants, mites and rotifers, were not affected by initial concentrations of fenitrothion in the fluid (up to 9.6 μg/L) that did affect the mosquito and the midge.

Aquatic insect populations in transplanted and natural populations of the purple pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea, on Prince Edward Island, Canada

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1956-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Loretta Hardwick ◽  
Donna J. Giberson
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Plant Abundance ◽  
Pitcher Plants ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Wyeomyia Smithii ◽  
Metriocnemus Knabi ◽  
Insect Populations

In early July 1991, 234 pitcher plants (Sarracenia purpurea) were transplanted from a Prince Edward Island bog being mined for peat into three bogs that varied with respect to previous pitcher plant abundance. One bog had a thriving natural pitcher plant population prior to transplant, while the other two had fewer than three pitcher plants. Between mid-June and late August 1993, abundances of the pitcher plant inquilines Wyeomyia smithii (Diptera: Culicidae), Metriocnemus knabi (Diptera: Chironomidae) and an unidentified sarcophagid fly (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from transplant bogs were compared with remaining populations in the source bog and with other natural populations. Of the three inquilines, W. smithii was the most severely affected by transplant; it was extremely rare or absent in transplanted pitchers, although it was found in all other bogs investigated on Prince Edward Island. Metriocnemus knabi larvae were common in all bogs investigated, except for those transplant bogs where pitcher plants were rare prior to transplant. Sarcophagid larvae were found in all of the bogs sampled, and were apparently unaffected by transplant. Desiccation during the transplant process, as well as the time of the transplant, may play a role in the success of recolonization of the pitcher plants after transplanting.

Oxygen–fauna relationships in the pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea L. with reference to the chironomid Metriocnemus knabi Coq.

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 2018-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Cameron ◽  
G. L. Donald ◽  
C. G. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
High Oxygen ◽  
Community Respiration ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
High Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Metriocnemus Knabi ◽  
Plant Photosynthesis ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

The aquatic habitat contained within the leaf of the pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea has a dissolved oxygen concentration consistently in excess of 77% saturation in spite of a high community respiration rate. The oxygen concentration is maintained primarily by diffusion through the wall of the sarcophagus and is not affected by plant photosynthesis. Because of the consistently high oxygen concentrations, the inquiline Metriocnemus knabi is not tolerant of lowered oxygen concentrations as it is adapted to a habitat with a consistently high oxygen concentration.

Phenology of the mosquito Wyeomyia smithii (Coq.) in Manitoba and Ontario

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. Farkas ◽  
Reinhart A. Brust
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Wyeomyia Smithii ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Summer Generation ◽  
Winter Snow

The phenology of Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett) within the water-filled leaves of Sarracenia purpurea L. (the purple pitcher plant) was studied during 1983 in bogs near The Pas and Patricia Beach, Manitoba, and Kenora, Ontario. Larvae that overwintered developed into adults by early July, and females laid eggs in newly opened leaves, as well as in the previous year's leaves. The largest portion of the developing larvae (summer generation) entered a third-instar diapause by mid-August and remained in this instar until the following spring. A small percentage of the summer generation at each site continued their development to adults and may have given rise to another generation. The number of larvae per leaf was positively correlated with leaf size. Pupation rates as well as adult size and fecundity did not vary significantly amongst sites. Smaller and less fecund individuals emerged as the season progressed. Over-winter survival of larvae was low at Patricia Beach (9%) but relatively high at The Pas (68%) during the winter of 1983–1984; survival was moderate (32–50%) during 1984–1985 at both locations. Overwintering success is likely enhanced by an early winter snow cover which insulates the larvae from low ambient temperatures from October to December at these sites.

The effect of a larval diet supplement on development in the mosquito Wyeomyia smithii (Coq.) under field conditions

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2110-2113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. Farkas ◽  
Reinhart A. Brust
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Wyeomyia Smithii ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Diet Supplement

The effect of a larval diet supplement on Wyeomyia smithii (Coq.) development was studied within the water-filled leaves of Sarracenia purpurea L. (the purple pitcher plant) in bogs near The Pas and Patricia Beach, Manitoba, and near Kenora, Ontario. The larval diet supplement added to overwintered pitcher plant leaves in the spring was found to significantly accelerate the development of larvae and to produce larger and more fecund adults. Food-limited development of larvae probably plays an important role in the percentage of W. smithii that are bivoltine in northern latitudes.

Notes on the Biology and Laboratory Colonization of Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett) (Diptera: Culicidae)

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Price
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Plant Association ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Wyeomyia Smithii ◽  
The Past ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
The Way

Since the initial observations on the pitcher plant mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett), from 1901 to 1904 by Smith (1901), only limited additional contributions have been made toward the understanding of the biology of this species. Horsfall (1955) indicates that, aside from one 1913 citation and a brief reference to his own observations, all material summarized by him about this species was reported by Smith. For the past 50 years, mosquito workers have generally limited their observations on W. smithii to statements of seasonal development in nature, this usually being in conjunction with a more detailed regional study emphasizing the ecology of other mosquito species. The wellknown specificity for the development of W. smithii only in the pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea, undoubtedly has precluded much in the way of laboratory investigations on this mosquito. However, during the summer of 1957, a large number of larvae of this species was found just north of Itasca State Park, Clearwater Co., Minn., and the opportunity presented itself to investigate the possibility of rearing W. smithii independent of the pitcher plant. It is the purpose of this paper to describe a method for the laboratory colonization of this mosquito completely free of any pitcher plant association and to make additional contributions to the biology of this species

Seasonal dynamics and ecological strategies of the pitcher plant chironomid, Metriocnemus knabi Coq. (Diptera: Chironomidae), in southeast New Brunswick

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3075-3083 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Paterson ◽  
C. J. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Ecological Strategies ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Metriocnemus Knabi ◽  
Summer Growth

In southeast New Brunswick the chironomid, Metriocnemus knabi, an inhabitant of the aquatic system contained within the leaves of the pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea, show seasonal fluctuations in numbers related to emergence and colonization, but density is usually correlated with the potential volume of the leaves. Females from a May emergence oviposit into overwintered leaves and produce a generation which emerges in August prior to the deterioration of the leaves. The progeny of the August emergence develop in leaves of the current summer growth and do not emerge until the following July. Ovipositing by this generation can be into overwintered or newly opened leaves. Larvae that begin development in overwintered leaves, which show progressive deterioration during the later summer and autumn, migrate to younger leaves that have not achieved complete colonization. The July emergence produces the generation which emerges the following May. Thus, there appears to be two cohorts in the population, each of which produces three generations every 2 years. This unusual life cycle tends towards maximizing use of the living habitat which also has a seasonal pattern of growth and senescence.

scholarly journals Epistasis Underlying a Fitness Trait Within a Natural Population of the Pitcher-Plant Mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii

Genetics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Bradshaw ◽  
Brian P. Haggerty ◽  
Christina M. Holzapfel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Wyeomyia Smithii ◽  
Fitness Trait

FITNESS CONSEQUENCES OF HIBERNAL DIAPAUSE IN THE PITCHER-PLANT MOSQUITO,WYEOMYIA SMITHII

Ecology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1458-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Bradshaw ◽  
P. A. Armbruster ◽  
C. M. Holzapfel
Keyword(s):  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Wyeomyia Smithii ◽  
Fitness Consequences
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