Studies on Dispersal of Grasshoppers (Acrididae) Tagged with Phosphorus-32

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Riegert ◽  
R. A. Fuller ◽  
L. G. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Random Dispersal

The main objective of the present work was to investigate the ability of grasshopper nymphs to escape an environment devoid of food plants and to reach a suitable food supply, either as a result of random dispersal or by marching. The immediate interest was in movement over recently tilled surfaces. It was also desired to investigate the external factors that might influence such movement.

Development, Mortality from Starvation, and Oviposition of the Pale Western Cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), When Fed on Various Food Plants

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Jacobson ◽  
P. E. Blakeley
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
The One ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

When a crop has been destroyed by the pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr., one to two weeks may elapse before plants of the second seeding emerge. During this time the larvae may be starved or, at least, subjected to a suboptimum food supply. Frequently the second seeding may be of a different crop from the one that was destroyed.A previous investigation (Jacobson, 1952) showed that mortality of the starved larvae varied directly with temperature and inversely with size of larvae. Seamans and McMillan (1935) reported that, when the larvae were fed various foods, differences were found in the rate of development and survival.

ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMASARAN BIBIT UNGGUL DURIAN BINTANA (Durio zibethinus) DI UPT. BIH GEDUNG JOHOR DINAS TANAMAN PANGAN DAN HORTIKULTURA PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-77
Author(s):  
Nelly M. R. Sinaga ◽  
A. Effendi Lubis ◽  
Mutiara Pradila
Keyword(s):  
External Factors ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Strategic Factors ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Durian Seed

Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui (1) proses dan Teknik pembibitan bibit unggul Durian Bintana (Durio zibethinus), (2) faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal dalam pemasaran bibit unggul Durian Bintana (Durio zibethinus), (3) mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor strategis dan alternatif strategi yang dapat diterapkan dalam pemasaran bibit unggul Durian Bintana (Durio zibethinus, (4) menentukan prioritas strategi yang dapat diterapkan dalam pemasaran bibit unggul Durian Bintana (Durio zibethinus). Penelitian dilakukan di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Benih Induk Hortikultura Gedung Johor Dinas Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Sumatera Utara pada bulan Juli-September 2020. Analisis data menggunakan matriks SWOT dan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Teknik perbanyakan pembibitan durian bintana dilakukan dengan perbanyakan vegetatif. (2) Faktor internal  dan faktor eksternal di UPT. BIH Gedung Johor Dinas Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Faktor Internal : Produk, Tenaga kerja, Harga, Promosi.Faktor Eksternal : Pemerintah, Konsumen, Pesaing, Teknologi. (3) Faktor-faktor strategis dalam pemasaran bibit unggul durian bintana di UPT. BIH Gedung Johor Dinas Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Sumatera Utara Kekuatan : Produk bersertifikat, Kelemahan : Keterlambatan pencairan anggaran, Peluang : Kerjasama dengan instansi pemerintah/swasta, Ancaman : Konsumen yang lebih memilih bibit durian varietas lain. Alternatif strategi yang dapat diterapkan dalam memasarkan bibit durian unggul bintana di UPT. BIH Gedung Johor Dinas Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Sumatera Utara yaitu:mengoptimalkan penggunaan berbagai media untuk media promosi,tetap menjaga kepercayaan konsumen dengan kualitas produk, menjalin kerjasama dengan dengan penangkar bibit durian lokal, menjalin kemitraan dengan pemerintah baik negeri maupun swasta, meningkatkan daya saing produk serta promosi. (4) Prioritas strategi yang dapat diterapkan dalam pemasaran bibit unggul Durian Bintana di UPT. BIH Gedung Johor Dinas Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Sumatera Utara berdasarkan analisis QSPM ialah menjalin kemitraan dengan Pemerintah baik negeri maupun swasta dengan STAS/Sum Total Attractive Score (Jumlah Total Nilai Daya Tarik) 6,164, menjalin kerjasama dengan penangkar bibit durian lokal dengan STAS/Sum Total Attractive Score (Jumlah Total Nilai Daya Tarik) 6,065, mengoptimalkan penggunaan berbagai media untuk media promosi STAS/Sum Total Attractive Score (Jumlah Total Nilai Daya Tarik) 5,504. The research objectives were to determine (1) the process and techniques for the seedlings of superior Durian Bintana (Durio zibethinus), (2) internal and external factors in marketing superior seeds for Durian Bintana (Durio zibethinus), (3) identify strategic factors and alternative strategies. which can be applied in the marketing of superior seeds of Durian Bintana (Durio zibethinus, (4) determining priority strategies that can be applied in marketing superior seeds of Durian Bintana (Durio zibethinus). The research was conducted at the Horticultural Mains Seed Technical Implementation Unit, Johor Building, Food Crops and Horticulture Service, North Sumatra Province in July-September 2020. Data analysis used a SWOT matrix and descriptively. The results showed that (1) The propagation technique of the Bintana durian seedlings was carried out by vegetative propagation. (2) Internal factors and external factors in UPT. BIH Gedung Johor Department of Food Crops and Horticulture, North Sumatra Province, Internal Factors: Products, Labor, Prices, Promotion. External Factors: Government, Consumers, Competitors, Technology. (3) Strategic factors in marketing superior seedlings of Bintana durian at UPT. BIH Gedung Johor Department of Food Crops and Horticulture, North Sumatra Province Strengths: Certified products, Weaknesses: Delay in budget disbursement, Opportunities: Cooperation with government / private agencies, Threats: Consumers who prefer other varieties of durian seeds. Alternative strategies that can be applied in marketing superior durian bintana seeds in UPT. BIH Gedung Johor Department of Food Crops and Horticulture, North Sumatra Province, namely: optimizing the use of various media for promotional media, maintaining consumer confidence in product quality, collaborating with local durian seed breeders, establishing partnerships with both public and private governments, increasing competitiveness products and promotions. (4) Priority strategies that can be applied in marketing superior seeds of Durian Bintana at UPT. BIH Johor Building Department of Food Plants and Horticulture of North Sumatra Province based on QSPM analysis is to establish partnerships with the Government both public and private with STAS / Sum Total Attractive Score (Total Value of Attractiveness) 6,164, collaborating with local durian seed breeders with STAS / Sum Total Attractive Score 6,065, optimizing the use of various media for promotional media. STAS / Sum Total Attractive Score 5,504.

scholarly journals Famine in Spain During Franco's Dictatorship, 1939–52

2020 ◽  
pp. 002200941987600
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel del Arco Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Franco Dictatorship

In the aftermath of civil war, Spain witnessed a period known as the ‘Years of Hunger’, which would extend throughout the postwar years (1939–52). The dictatorship would lay the blame on external factors, although the causes for the collapse of living conditions and food supply over that time lay in its autarkic policies. This article attempts to show that Spain was victim of a famine as a consequence of the economic policies of the Franco dictatorship. To analyse the Spanish case, we rely on the conceptual framework of famine studies throughout history. We will demonstrate that Spain suffered an extreme socio-economic crisis during the 1940s, but that it was not until late 1939 and 1942, as well as 1946, that a true famine took place. In order to characterise and explain it, we will analyse three different aspects: the rise in the cost of living, the spread of infectious diseases and death by starvation.

scholarly journals The Water Relations of Snails and Slugs

1944 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
G. P. WELLS
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spontaneous Fluctuations

1. If H. pomatia are kept under conditions of constant temperature, humidity, illumination, food supply and water supply, their daily weight curves show great spontaneous fluctuations of an irregularly cyclical character, with a period of several days. Snails kept without food, but under otherwise identical conditions, show similar fluctuations of smaller amplitude (Fig. 1). 2. A number of measurements of the oxygen consumption of H. pomatia were made at different points on the weight cycle. In fed animals, oxygen consumption tends to rise with weight. In fasting animals, the relationship between the two variables is less marked, and the oxygen consumption is always low (Figs. 2, 3). 3. Aestivation tends to occur, even if environmental conditions are favourable, whenever the weight is low (Fig. 4). Feeding and digestion are apparently confined to the weight peaks, and incompatible with aestivation. 4. The interrelations of internal and external factors in determining the activity level of H. pomatia are discussed. In drought, the activity outbursts are inhibited and the snail remains withdrawn, with low weight and oxygen consumption. Rain, after drought, releases the cycles again; the immediate mechanism of activation is not hydration of the tissues, but a stimulation effect.

scholarly journals The excystation of colpoda cucullus from its resting cysts, and the nature and properties of the cyst membranes

1913 ◽  
Vol 86 (589) ◽  
pp. 427-439 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
External Factors ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Resting Cysts ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Considerable Detail ◽  
The Way

Having had occasion to make use of the resting cysts of Colpoda cucullus in the course of my work on the protozoa of the soil I was interested by the way in which the organisms escape from the confines of the cyst membranes. The processes involved were by no means obvious on somewhat casual observation, and it became necessary to study them in considerable detail before they could be fully elucidated. Moreover it was thought by working out as fully as possible the conditions involved in excystation some light might be thrown on the activity or inactivity of the protozoa in the soil. The water-content, available food supply, and temperature of any soil are obvious external factors in determining the possibility of protozoal activity, but that these were all the determining factors was by no means clear. There was the possibility that certain peculiar external influences were required for excystation, and if these could be determined it was possible that one would be able to say whether they were present or absent in a soil normally containing protozoa.

Effects of nesting location on breeding success of Arctic terns on Machias Seal Island

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1841-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judah S. Bunin ◽  
J. Sherman Boates
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Single Colony ◽  
Sterna Paradisaea ◽  
Peripheral Area

Over a period of several years (1978 – 1981), Arctic terns (Sterna paradisaea) nesting in the inland grassy area on Machias Seal Island had higher hatching and fledging success than those in the peripheral bare-bedrock area. In 1990, the opposite trend was recorded. In 1991, we attempted to determine the source(s) of this variation in breeding success between locations. An egg-exchange experiment was carried out between inland and peripheral sites that effectively eliminated differential egg and (or) chick quality as a source of variation. Following this exchange, success rates no longer differed between the habitats involved, despite the fact that chicks tended to be heavier in the peripheral area. The relative influences of parental quality and habitat quality on breeding success were examined as well. The results suggest that complex interrelationships exist among a variety of external factors (such as weather, food supply, and predation pressure), habitat quality, and the quality of birds choosing to nest in these areas. Breeding success in a given area is determined by the particular combination of these factors, a combination that may vary from year to year, colony to colony, and even in different breeding locations within a single colony in a given year.

Interactive Experience and Identification as Predictors of Attributing Responsibility in Video Games

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Nathan Walter ◽  
Yariv Tsfati
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Theoretical Expectation ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Attribution Of Responsibility ◽  
Attributions Of Responsibility ◽  
Violent Video Game ◽  
Grand Theft Auto Iv ◽  
Interactive Experience

Abstract. This study examines the effect of interactivity on the attribution of responsibility for the character’s actions in a violent video game. Through an experiment, we tested the hypothesis that identification with the main character in Grand Theft Auto IV mediates the effect of interactivity on attributions of responsibility for the main character’s antisocial behavior. Using the framework of the fundamental attribution error, we demonstrated that those who actually played the game, as opposed to those who simply watched someone else playing it, identified with the main character. In accordance with the theoretical expectation, those who played the game and came to identify with the main character attributed the responsibility for his actions to external factors such as “living in a violent society.” By contrast, those who did not interact with the game attributed responsibility for the character’s actions to his personality traits. These findings could be viewed as contrasting with psychological research suggesting that respondents should have distanced themselves from the violent protagonist rather than identifying with him, and with Iyengar’s (1991) expectation that more personalized episodic framing would be associated with attributing responsibility to the protagonist.

IOM Recommends Less Salt in Food Supply

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH MECHCATIE
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply

Pengembangan Butik Muslim yang Terkait dengan Pelayanan Prima dan Kualitas Produk pada Butik Firta Collection

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Esust Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Customer Trust

This study aims to analyze how strategic management in the Firta Collection Boutique to develop its business, especially in providing services to customers. The method used in this research is a qualitative method that includes Marketing Mix (4P Analysis) and SWOT Analysis, to find out what external factors are opportunities or threats to the Firta Collection Boutique. The results of the study show that the strategies adopted by the Firta Collection Boutique are still inappropriate and need to use other strategies. Changes in the external environment have continued to increase so that it is an opportunity and anticipates threats by utilizing strengths and minimizing weaknesses by innovating and improving approaches and gaining customer trust in product quality, in order to compete in the fashion sector.

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