Development, Mortality from Starvation, and Oviposition of the Pale Western Cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), When Fed on Various Food Plants

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Jacobson ◽  
P. E. Blakeley
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
The One ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

When a crop has been destroyed by the pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr., one to two weeks may elapse before plants of the second seeding emerge. During this time the larvae may be starved or, at least, subjected to a suboptimum food supply. Frequently the second seeding may be of a different crop from the one that was destroyed.A previous investigation (Jacobson, 1952) showed that mortality of the starved larvae varied directly with temperature and inversely with size of larvae. Seamans and McMillan (1935) reported that, when the larvae were fed various foods, differences were found in the rate of development and survival.

scholarly journals Legal-economic barriers to price transfers in food supply chains

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Bremmers ◽  
Bernd Van der Meulen ◽  
Zorica Sredojevi ◽  
Jo Wijnands
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Industry Policy ◽  
The One

Recent price movements have put food supply chains under pressure. On the one side, upward price tendencies on commodity markets result in higher costs to processing firms. On the other side, these firms are confronted with a strong retail sector that is able to prevent compensation to protect consumers’ and own economic interests. Regulatory impediments of European law, especially with respect to foodstuffs, can adversely be utilized as barriers to protect the interest downstream the supply chain. The problem is that legal-economic instruments which can serve to smooth price volatility in supply markets can also opportunistically be used at the expense of the middlesection in food supply chains (i.e., mainly small and medium sized producers). The aim of this article is to identify the legal-economic mechanisms that effect price transfers in food supply chains in the European Union and define policy adjustments to improve pricing mechanisms, while safeguarding the interests of the processing industry. Policy alternatives to improve the smooth functioning of notably intermediate markets in food supply chains are the restructuring of competition law, improved processor information management and creating transparency of value added in the supply chain by means of labelling devices.

scholarly journals On the influence of their state in solution on the absorption spectra of dissolved dyes

1909 ◽  
Vol 82 (554) ◽  
pp. 256-270 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Absorption Maximum ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Cyanine Dyes ◽  
Water Band ◽  
The One

In a previous investigation of the absorption spectra and sensitising properties of some iso cyanine dyes,* the influence of the solvent was examined and it was found that the absorption maximum was shifted toward the red as the refractive index of the solvent increased. This is in accordance with Kundt’s law. The absorption in water, however, differs markedly from that in organic solvents. In the latter the spectrum consists of a prominent band in the orange and a half-shade nearer the blue. In water this half-shade has become a separate band comparable in intensity with the orange. Absorption curves in alcohol and water are shown. It is convenient to term the band near the red the β-(organic) band, the one nearer the blue the α -(water) band. It appeared desirable to investigate this difference further.

Studies on Dispersal of Grasshoppers (Acrididae) Tagged with Phosphorus-32

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Riegert ◽  
R. A. Fuller ◽  
L. G. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Random Dispersal

The main objective of the present work was to investigate the ability of grasshopper nymphs to escape an environment devoid of food plants and to reach a suitable food supply, either as a result of random dispersal or by marching. The immediate interest was in movement over recently tilled surfaces. It was also desired to investigate the external factors that might influence such movement.

Survival, Development, and Fecundity of the Pale Western Cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), After Starvation

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Jacobson ◽  
P. E. Blakeley
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Pupal Size ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Larvae of the pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr., may be starved in the field by planned control (Seamans and Rock, 1945) or elimination of their food supply as a result of their own depredation. Starvation may occur at any time during the feeding period. Some effects of starvation on mortality, particularly in the early instars, have been reported (Jacobson, 1952). Larvae that were fed only two hours each day had an additional instar, developed more slowly, and were smaller (McGinnis and Kasting, 1959). Starvation during the fourth instar when the larvae were fed on various foods resulted in smaller pupae, and the size and fecundity of females were directly associated with pupal size (Jacobson and Blakeley, 1958).

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Seaweeds within a Marked Zone of the Shore at Aberystwyth, during the Year 1933–34

1936 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Tank Culture ◽  
The One

The following piece of research has been undertaken at the suggestion of the Conway Fisheries Eesearch Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries.For some years experiments have been in progress at Conway in connection with oyster breeding. During the oyster season, from May to August, when the tanks of the Kesearch Station are not being used for mussel cleansing, cultural work on the oyster (Ostrea edulis) has been carried out. One of the greatest difficulties is the feeding of the larvae in the free swimming state and this problem affects both tank culture and culture on a smaller scale. In some years a settlement of spat has taken place, but it is not known what conditions made that phenomenon possible. It has been suggested that the available food supply might be of importance, since both detritus on the one hand, and seaweed spores and gametes on the other, have been regarded as constituting the food of larvae (Martin, 1923). As nothing over 10μ can be ingested by the larvae, there is a limit to the spores and gametes which may be used.

DEVELOPMENTAL, SURVIVAL, AND REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON FOUR PLANT SPECIES

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 1267-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Turnock
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractThe species of plant on which larvae of Mamestra configurata (Wlk.) fed had significant effects on the rate of larval development, larval and pupal survival, pupal weight, the percentage of females that mated, and the number of fertile eggs/mated female. Among the four plant species tested, using living plants, the canola cultivars (Brassica napus cv. Regent and B. campestris cv. Candle) were approximately equal in suitability, lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album) was less suitable, and lentils (Lens culinaris cv. Chilean) was unsuitable as food for M. configurata. The parameters recorded for larval survival, pupal weight, and the number of eggs/female on the most suitable food plants were higher than those recorded previously for larvae reared on excised leaves of suitable hosts.

Effects of Moisture during Starvation of Larvae of the Pale Western Cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr. (Lepidoptera: Phalaenidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Jacobson ◽  
P. E. Blakeley
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Larval Movement

Larvae of the pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr., feed almost entirely below ground, attacking their food plants just below the soil surface. Larval movement and feeding usually occur at the interface between dry and moist soil. They can absorb moisture from the soil and also from the plants on which they are feeding.In a previous investigation, Jacobson (1952) found that mortality from starvation varied directly with temperature and inversely with the size of larvae when the relative humidity was kept near 100 per cent. This paper is a report on the role of moisture during starvation.

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