The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. III. Mites and their Predators

1949 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 217-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Bordeaux Mixture ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Bloom Period ◽  
The Common ◽  
Campylomma Verbasci ◽  
Predacious Species

Three mirids, Diaphnidia pellucida Uhler, Hyaliodes harti Knight, and Campylomma verbasci (Meyer), are effective predators of the red mite and probably of the clover mite from early in June until the latter part of July. These three species are the only important predacious mirids under the conditions of the present spray practices in Nova Scotia. Gilliatt (2) has given an account of the life-histories of the three specics and discussed their importance in the natural contrnl of the red mite, and his account need not be repeated here. The three mirids are often the only important predacious species in many commercial orchards during the summer months because of the destruction of I. tiliae and H. faurei by the sulphur sprays emploved around the bloom period. Their presence in such orchards is in itself evidence that neither bordeaux mixture nor flotation sulphur reduces their numbers. Observation on a considerable number of occasions showed that iron carbamate has no effect on these mirids. An opportunity to test some of the common spray chemicals on two of the species was presented in the F. Palmer orchard at Berwick in 1947. Two trees were sprayed with each of the materials listed, and the insects were collected as they dropped on two trays, of 32 square feet each, which had been placed beneath the trees.

THE INFLUENCE OF SPRAY PROGRAMS ON THE FAUNA OF APPLE ORCHARDS IN NOVA SCOTIA: XX. TRENDS AFTER ALTERING LEVELS OF PHYTOPHAGOUS MITES OR PREDATORS

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Sanford ◽  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Typhlodromus Pyri ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Predacious Species

AbstractUtilizing the knowledge of their direct effects, the materials ryania, carbaryl, and Animert V-101 applied to a uniformly distributed population of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), altered the populations in plots in an apple orchard. Trends after treatment in both host mite and predator populations were assessed. Supplementary applications of the acaricides Animert V-101 or dicofol directed against certain generations of P. ulmi controlled outbreaks and altered the faunal levels during the following season. Ryania was largely innocuous to most species of predators with the exception of Atractotomus mali (Meyer) and Diaphnocoris spp., carbaryl was detrimental to most predacious species, and Animert V-101, while selectively toxic to phytophagous mites, was innocuous to all predacious insects and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten.Phytophagous mite populations may be altered to almost prescribed levels with pesticides when the predator populations are known. This allows selective chemicals to be used to complement the predator effect and maintain red mites below the threshold of damage.

Effects of Increasing the Nitrogen Level of Apple Leaves on Mite and Predator Populations

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 924-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Lord ◽  
D. K. R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Population Balance ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Predacious Species

Prior to 1950 the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi Koch, was a major pest in Nova Scotia apple orchards, and brown mite, Bryobia arborea M. and A., was practically non-existent. Lord (1949), showed that the sulphur fungicides, commonly in use up to that time, were detrimental to some of the predacious species and toxic to the brown mite. After 1950 red mite populations became negligible and, although the brown mites increased, they did not become sufficiently abundant to cause economic damage. This shift of population balance in Nova kotia orchards has been attributed to the gradual replacement of sulphur and other detrimental materials by pesticides less harmful to predators of the mites (Pickett 1953).

THE INFLUENCE OF SPRAY PROGRAMS ON THE FAUNA OF APPLE ORCHARDS IN NOVA SCOTIA: XIX. APPLE RUST MITE, VASATES SCHLECHTENDALI, A FOOD SOURCE FOR PREDATORS

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert ◽  
K. H. Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Common Food ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Alternate Food ◽  
The Common ◽  
Selective Chemical

AbstractMaintenance of predacious arthropods in apple orchards requires both the judicious use of chemical sprays and the presence of adequate food supplies. When the common food source, the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), is depleted by either a selective chemical, such as Animert V-101, or by excessive activity of the predators, the apple rust mite, Vasates schlechtendali (Nal.), if present, provides an alternate food. This enables survival of sufficient numbers of predators to prevent resurgence of the red mite within the same season.

SOME PREDATORS OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PARATETRANYCHUS PILOSUS C. & F., IN NOVA SCOTIA

1935 ◽  
Vol 13d (2) ◽  
pp. 19-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Gilliatt
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Campylomma Verbasci

Predators are the most important natural enemies of the European red mite. Notes are given on the life history and habits of the following predaceous enemies of this mite, Seiulus pomi Parrott; Diaphnidia pellucida Uhl.; Diaphnidia capitata Van D.; Hyaliodes vitripennis Say; Stethorus punctum Leconte; Plagiognathus obscurus Uhl.; Camptobrochis nebulosus Uhl.; Anystis agilis Banks; Campylomma verbasci Mey., and an unidentified species of Syrphidae.

Truth and Privilege

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyndsay Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Social History ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Essential Question ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Common

Truth and Privilege is a comparative study that brings together legal, constitutional and social history to explore the common law's diverging paths in two kindred places committed to freedom of expression but separated by the American Revolution. Comparing Nova Scotia and Massachusetts, Lyndsay Campbell examines the development of libel law, the defences of truth and privilege, and the place of courts as fora for disputes. She contrasts courts' centrality in struggles over expression and the interpretation of individual rights in Massachusetts with concerns about defining protective boundaries for the press and individuals through institutional design in Nova Scotia. Campbell's rich analysis acts as a lens through which to understand the role of law in shaping societal change in the nineteenth century, shedding light on the essential question we still grapple with today: what should law's role be in regulating expression we perceive as harmful?

STUDIES ON THE APOIDEA OF WESTERN NOVA SCOTIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VISITORS TO APPLE BLOOM

1933 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Atwood
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Simple Type ◽  
Nest Construction ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Nova Scotian

This paper describes the results of studies on the wild bees of Nova Scotia, which were carried out in connection with apple pollination investigations in the Annapolis-Cornwallis Valley, Nova Scotia.The biology of the Apoidea in general is reviewed from the literature, and a list of bees taken on apple bloom is given. As the members of the genera Halictus and Andrena were found to be the most important native pollinators, the greater part of the paper is devoted to accounts of the habits and life histories of representative species.The members of the genus Andrena were found to have a simple type, such as is generally found among solitary bees. The females provision the nest and then die; the larvae develop to the pupal stage in their underground cells, then emerge as adults the following season. All Nova Scotian species studied were one-generation forms.The bees of the genus Halictus show a primitive social organization, more complex in some species than in others. The first brood consists of females only, which are apparently sterile and work at nest construction, the gathering of pollen, etc. They are followed later in the season by a brood of males and females; these females, after being fertilized, hibernate for the winter, while the males die in the fall. The hibernating habits of different species are described, and notes are given on some parasites and inquilines of the two genera.

CHANGES IN SPRUCE BUDWORM DEFOLIATION WITH CROWN LEVEL

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Piene
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
The Common

AbstractDetailed estimates of defoliation caused by spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)] over the crown length of young balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.] were made throughout a spruce budworm outbreak from 1976 to 1984 in the Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia. The results show no clear tendency for a particular level of the crown to be damaged more heavily than any other. Thus, there is no reason to continue the common practice of taking samples from the mid-crown level on the assumption that they represent an ‘average’ level of defoliation either for high or low populations. Sampling from the bottom of the crown should provide a more convenient and cost-effective approach for estimating defoliation.

Canada—Nova Scotia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Ruck Keene ◽  
QC Alison Scott Butler
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Canadian Charter ◽  
Law System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Civil Law System

Canada is a federation composed of ten provinces, including Nova Scotia (‘NS’), and three territories. The common law applies in Canada, with the exception of the province of Quebec, which uses a civil law system. There is a federal government; as a province, NS also exercises constitutional powers in its own right. Federal legislation includes provisions relating to adults within the scope of this work. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms also guarantees certain political rights to Canadians and civil rights to everyone in Canada, and contains rights that impact upon capacity law.

Caloric Content of the Standing Crop of Benthic and Epibenthic Invertebrates of St. Margaret's Bay, Nova Scotia

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1803-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Brawn ◽  
D. L. Peer ◽  
R. J. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epibenthic Invertebrates

The benthos of St. Margaret's Bay at depths of 28–62 m was sampled quantitatively during the summer and the caloric contents of the common invertebrates determined. The shrimps, amphipods, and the polychaete Lumbrinereis with caloric contents between 1000 and 1300 cal/g wet weight had the highest caloric content of those tested. The mean caloric content of the standing crop was 76 kcal/m2 with the highest values occurring where the sand and silt–clay fractions of the sediment were nearly equal and the lowest where either sand or silt–clay predominated. Annelids and echinoderms together accounted for more than three-quarters of the caloric content of the standing crop.

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