NEW DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAE OF FOREST INSECTS; II, ANOMOGYNA (LEPIDOPTERA, PHALAENIDAE)

1942 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
A. W. A. Brown ◽  
W. G. McGuffin
Keyword(s):  
Head Width ◽  
Ground Colour ◽  
Forest Insects ◽  
Anterior Segments ◽  
Dark Green

Antepenultimate Instar. Head width 1.4 mm. Body about 13 mm. long and 2 mm. wide. Crochets on first abdominal proleg number 14 to 16.Penultimate Instar. Head width 1.7 to 2.0 mm. Body from 15 to 17 mm. long and about 2.5 mm. wide; ground colour medium to dark green, the moderately broad white dorsal line separated from the slightly broader white subdorsal lines by twice its width in ground colour; white patches, more conspicuous in anterior segments, immediately distad of each seta alpha; spiracular line dark green, subspiracular line white with a fringe of yellow.

NEW DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAE OF FOREST INSECTS, IV, HERCULIA, TORTRIX, AND ARGYROTAENIA (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE AND TORTRICIDAE)

1942 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. A. Brown ◽  
W. C. McGuffin
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Head Width ◽  
General Shape ◽  
Ground Colour ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Forest Insects ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Penultimate Instar. Head width 1.4 to 1.7 mm. Body length about 7 mm. Otherwise similar to ultimate instar.Ultimate Instar. Head width 1.7 to 1.9 mm. Body about 17 mm. long and 2.5 mm. in width; fusiform in general shape, each segment divided by a transverse fold into a broader anterior and narrower posterior portion; skin closely covered with minute hexagonal pits; ground colour light greyish-brown, with five well-defined longitudinal lines, as follows: a narrow dark grey middorsal line fading posteriorly, two wide grey-brown subdorsal lines, and two interrupted brown supraspiracular lines; oblique outfolded ridges in subspiracular position, separated by deep, infolded wrinkles, which are darkly pigmented and bear irregularly scattered pits, one series of these wrinkles forming a fine interrupted suprapodal line, the venter light brown.

NEW DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAE OF FOREST INSECTS, III, ZANCLOGNATHA, PALTHIS, AND AUTOGRAPHA, (LEPIDOPTERA, PHALAENIDAE)

1942 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. A. Brown ◽  
W. C. McGuffin
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Ground Colour ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Forest Insects

Penultimate Instar. Head width 1.0 to 1.3 mm. Body length 7 to 10 mm. Otherwise similar to ultimate instar.Ultimate Instar. Head width 1.3 to 1.5 mm. Body from 9 to 11 mm. long and from 1.5 to 1.7 mm. wide; shape subcylindrical, broadest at first abdominal segment, eighth abdominal segment with a dorsal swelling; skin densely covered with minute conical granules; ground colour pale yellow, cream-coloured, or greyish-white, heavily mottled with dark brown, dark grey, or ruddy-brown, often with a pink suffusion, venter lightly tinged with reddish-brown or even green.

NEW DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAE OF FOREST INSECTS, VI, SEMIOTHISA, PARAPHIA, PROTOBOARMIA (LEPIDOPTERA, GEOMETRIDAE)

1943 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. McGuffin
Keyword(s):  
Host Tree ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Green Body ◽  
Forest Insects ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Bluish Green ◽  
Light Green

Egg: Ovate in shape, bluish green in colour, the surface divided by reticulations into small hexagonal areas. Laid singly on the needles of host tree.First Instar: Head width 0.23 mm. Body 2.0 mm. in length and 0.23 mm. in width Brownish green body with light brown head.Second Instar: Head width 0.5 mm. Body 4.6 mm. in length and 0.5 mm. in width. Body lined alternately with green and light green stripes. Spiracular line greenish white. Head brownish green.

Silene lulakabadensis (Caryophyllaceae), a New Species from Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Heidari Rikan ◽  
Farrokh Ghahremaninejad ◽  
Mostafa Assadi
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Soil Slopes ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
A New Species

Silene lulakabadensis Heidari, F. Ghahrem. & Assadi is described as a new species from Zanjan Province, Iran. The new species is a dark green plant, perennial and woody at the base, that was collected on marl soil slopes at 2100 m. It is believed to be closely related to S. eriocalycina Boiss. from section Auriculatae (Boiss.) Schischk. but is a smaller plant, with much shorter internodes, and pinkish-white retuse to emarginate petals with very small or no scales. It is a very rare plant and its conservation status is assessed as Critically Endangered.

Influences of Growth Regulators and Cultivars on Callus and Shoot Production of Alfalfa

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 461f-462
Author(s):  
Guochen Yang ◽  
Marihelen Kamp-Glass
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Callus Initiation ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Number Of Shoots ◽  
Alfalfa Seeds

Alfalfa seeds of Cimarron VR, CW1446, CW2440, C94-118, C94-785, and WL311 were used as explants. BA, zeatin, and TDZ were evaluated on callus initiation, development, and shoot production. Callus initiation and development toward shoot organogenesis were enhanced when BA was added in the culture medium. Calli produced from BA treatments were compact, solid, and dark green. Similar results were obtained when zeatin was added in the culture medium. However, no shoots were produced from such calli. Multiple shoots were produced directly from each individual explant when TDZ was added to culture medium. However, when higher concentration of TDZ was used, number of shoots per explant was decreased, and dwarf shoots were produced. No apparent difference on shoot production was observed among the cultivars tested so far. Data on number of shoots per explant from two of these cultivars need to be statistically analyzed.

Biological removal of algae in an integrated pond system

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. J. Meiring ◽  
R. A. Oellermann
Keyword(s):  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Oxidation Pond ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Biological Removal ◽  
In Series ◽  
The Media ◽  
Oxidation Ponds ◽  
Dark Green

A system of oxidation ponds in series with a biological trickling filter is described. It was known that this arrangement was incapable of reducing effectively the levels of algae present in the pond liquid even though nitrification was effected because of autotrophic conditions prevailing in the trickling filters. This very low trophic level explained the lack of adsorptive capacity present. By shortcircuiting less than 10 percent of the effluent from a fully loaded primary facultative oxidation pond to the trickling filter, the autotrophuc nature or the film in the trickling filter was sufficiently shifted towards a heterotrophic state that had sufficient adsorptive capacity to retain the majority of the algae. It is concluded that the algae, although being absorbed, stay alive on the film and do not contribute significantly to the carbonaceous load on the trickling filter. Further more the algae, although secluded from all sunlight, actually partake in the purification process, producing an effluent which, unlike a normal humus tank effluent, is surprisingly sparkling clear. This significant observation appears to be in line with laboratory findings by others who, when they artificially immobilised certain species of algae and passed water over them, concluded that the algae retained the potential to remove certain compounds from the water. Conglomerates of biologically flocculated dark-green algae are scoured off the film (or sloughed off as part of the film) and, having been photosynthetically inactive for some days, tend not to float, but settle very rapidly. A very significantly aspect of this development is the great potential it has for practical application in developing countries. The algae sloughed off the media are easily thickened and available for ultimate recovery from the water phase without the addition of chemicals.

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