NEW DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAE OF FOREST INSECTS, III, ZANCLOGNATHA, PALTHIS, AND AUTOGRAPHA, (LEPIDOPTERA, PHALAENIDAE)

1942 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. A. Brown ◽  
W. C. McGuffin
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Ground Colour ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Forest Insects

Penultimate Instar. Head width 1.0 to 1.3 mm. Body length 7 to 10 mm. Otherwise similar to ultimate instar.Ultimate Instar. Head width 1.3 to 1.5 mm. Body from 9 to 11 mm. long and from 1.5 to 1.7 mm. wide; shape subcylindrical, broadest at first abdominal segment, eighth abdominal segment with a dorsal swelling; skin densely covered with minute conical granules; ground colour pale yellow, cream-coloured, or greyish-white, heavily mottled with dark brown, dark grey, or ruddy-brown, often with a pink suffusion, venter lightly tinged with reddish-brown or even green.

NEW DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAE OF FOREST INSECTS, IV, HERCULIA, TORTRIX, AND ARGYROTAENIA (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE AND TORTRICIDAE)

1942 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. A. Brown ◽  
W. C. McGuffin
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Head Width ◽  
General Shape ◽  
Ground Colour ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Forest Insects ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Penultimate Instar. Head width 1.4 to 1.7 mm. Body length about 7 mm. Otherwise similar to ultimate instar.Ultimate Instar. Head width 1.7 to 1.9 mm. Body about 17 mm. long and 2.5 mm. in width; fusiform in general shape, each segment divided by a transverse fold into a broader anterior and narrower posterior portion; skin closely covered with minute hexagonal pits; ground colour light greyish-brown, with five well-defined longitudinal lines, as follows: a narrow dark grey middorsal line fading posteriorly, two wide grey-brown subdorsal lines, and two interrupted brown supraspiracular lines; oblique outfolded ridges in subspiracular position, separated by deep, infolded wrinkles, which are darkly pigmented and bear irregularly scattered pits, one series of these wrinkles forming a fine interrupted suprapodal line, the venter light brown.

NEW DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAE OF FOREST INSECTS; II, ANOMOGYNA (LEPIDOPTERA, PHALAENIDAE)

1942 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
A. W. A. Brown ◽  
W. G. McGuffin
Keyword(s):  
Head Width ◽  
Ground Colour ◽  
Forest Insects ◽  
Anterior Segments ◽  
Dark Green

Antepenultimate Instar. Head width 1.4 mm. Body about 13 mm. long and 2 mm. wide. Crochets on first abdominal proleg number 14 to 16.Penultimate Instar. Head width 1.7 to 2.0 mm. Body from 15 to 17 mm. long and about 2.5 mm. wide; ground colour medium to dark green, the moderately broad white dorsal line separated from the slightly broader white subdorsal lines by twice its width in ground colour; white patches, more conspicuous in anterior segments, immediately distad of each seta alpha; spiracular line dark green, subspiracular line white with a fringe of yellow.

Post-embryonic development of Lamyctes fulvicornis Meinert (Chilopoda: Henicopidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Cephalic Shield

AbstractLamyctes fulvicornis is spanandric and most probably thelytokous in Sweden. The variation during development in the following characters is described: body-tength, head-length, ratio head-length/body-length and head-length/head-width, number of coxal pores, ocelli, antennal articles and teeth on forcipular coxosternite, projections on tergites 9, 11 and 13, spinulation, accessory apical claws on the 15th pair of legs, genitalia and the pattern on the cephalic shield. Also correlation with size within each post-larval stadium is given. The boundary between juvenile and adult stadia and the number of post-larval stadia are discussed.

Post-embryonic development of Lithobius calcaratus C. L. Koch (Chilopoda: Lithobiidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cephalic Shield

AbstractThe variation during development in the following characters of Lithobius calcaratus is described: body-length, head-length, ratio head-length/body-length and head-length/ head-width, number of coxal pores, ocelli, antennal articles and teeth on forcipular coxosternite, projections on tergites 9, 11 and 13, spinulation on the last pair of legs, accessory apical claws on the 15th pair of legs, genitalia, male secondary sex character and the pattern on the cephalic shield. Also the difference between male and female and the correlation with size within each post-larval stadium are given. The boundary between juvenile and adult stadia and the number of post-larval stadia are discussed.

scholarly journals Morphological variability of Bembidion aspericolle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) populations in conditions of anthropogenic impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
V. O. Komlyk ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Angular Characteristic ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
The Impact

Bembidion (Talanes) aspericolle (Germar, 1829) is a Western Palearctic species which lives on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas and saline inland habitats from Central Europe to Central Asia. Anthropogenic impact is one of the most important environmental factors affecting the morphological variability of ground beetles. The objective of our research is assessment of the morphological variability of this species in three ecosystems differing by intensity of anthropogenic impact. 13 linear characteristics, one angular characteristic, density of pores on the prothorax and elytra, contrast of spots on the beetles’ elytra were measured, and 6 morphometric indices were calculated. The mean value of body length in females is more than in males in the studied populations. In the ecosystem with high anthropogenic pressure, female body length is shorter by 3.7% and elytra length is shorter by 6.0% than in females in the ecosystem with low anthropogenic impact. Differences between populations in the body length of males are not significant. In the ecosystem with high anthropogenic transformation, sexual dimorphism is observed only on head and prothorax width. The ratio of maximum width of elytra to maximum prothorax width decreases significantly with increasing anthropogenic load. The impact of anthropogenic factors on the ecosystem produces significant changes in elytra length and head width of B. aspericolle and in four of the six morphometric indices. It is reasonable to use these morphometric characteristics of B. aspericolle adults in bioindication. The complex of anthropogenic factors does not have a significant impact on the value of anterior and posterior angles of prothorax, density of prothorax and elytra puncturing and contrast of the light spots at the top of the elytra. The sex of the specimen influences all linear characteristics. The absence of significant differences in morphometric indices between males and females shows that the body proportions of the beetles remain unchanged and only linear dimensions vary. Research on the morphological variability of B. aspericolle is important for understanding microevolutionary processes in populations of beetles under anthropogenically induced changes in the environment.

scholarly journals REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR AND MORPHOLOGY ON HORSES (EQUUS CABALLUS) MALES IN NORTH TAPANULI DISTRICT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayswe Dumaris Sihombing ◽  
Hamdan ◽  
Tri Hesti Wahyuni ◽  
Nevy Diana Hanafi ◽  
Iskandar Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Equus Caballus ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Head Width

RAYSWE DUMARIS SIHOMBING, 2018: ''Reproductive Behavior and Morphology in Horses (Equus Caballus) Males in North Tapanuli District ''. Guided by HAMDAN and TRI HESTI WAHYUNI. This study aimed to see reproduction and morphological performance of the stallion in North Tapanuli Regency. This research was conducted in North Tapanuli regency, Silait-lait Village, Hutajulu Village and Siaro Village and Superior Breeding Cattle Hall and Animal Feed (BPTU-HPT) from June to August 2017. The analysis used in this research is quantitative data analysis which includes average, standard deviation and coefficient of diversity.The variable that distinguishes the horse is the part of reproduction which is divided into two, namely the exterior, which includes the diameter of the scrotum and the interior includes the quality of sperm that are tested miscroscopically and macroscopically. Macroscopic tests include volume measurement, viscosity, color, pH. Microscopic tests of motility, concentration, and abnormality. Morphology, including head length, head width, neck length, shoulder height, chest circumference, chest depth, body length, hip width, hip height.The results showed that stallion in North Tapanuli Regency had good sperm quality with gray white color, low concentration level, pH 6.67, motility 80%, concentration 13,76 x 10 ^ 7ml / ejakulat, and abnormality 16, 6% and morphological appearance have mean, standard deviation and high diversity coefficient with head length 62,30 cm, shoulder height 158,84 cm, chest circumference 174,26 cm, chest depth 78,20 cm, body length 169,86 cm , hip height 167.12 cm and hip width 40.01 cm. In conclusion of this study, the morphology and reproduction of horses in North Tapanuli Regency has good weight and posture and good sperm quality used as males in developing horse cattle.

scholarly journals Life history characteristics of a cave isopod (Mesoniscus graniger Friv.)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Derbák ◽  
László Dányi ◽  
Elisabeth Hornung
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Female Dominance ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Offspring Number

The special environmental conditions of caves provide habitat for several endemic and relict species, among them terrestrial isopods. The Baradla Cave system (north-eastern Hungary) hosts Mesoniscusgraniger (Frivaldszky, 1865) (Oniscidea, Microcheta, Mesoniscidae), a pygmy, blind, fragile troglophile woodlice species. Its stable environment can be characterised by the lack of light, high relative humidity (96%), low and constant temperature (about 10 °C). We explored the population characteristics (sex ratio, size distribution) and life history traits of the species (e.g. longevity, reproductive strategy, offspring number, and size). Sex ratio and size distribution of the individuals (head-width measurements) were estimated based on a yearly pooled pitfall-trap data set (N = 677). We studied the species’ reproductive strategy under natural conditions (Baradla Cave, Aggtelek National Park). Model populations were set up in the cave and checked monthly between March and October, 2016 (15 replicates, each with 12 randomly chosen adult individuals; ΣN = 180). Digital photos were taken of the live animals and their length was estimated based on the photos by using ImageJ software (average body length: 6.56 ± 0.79 mm). The results showed female dominance in the population [(male:female = 0.43:0.57); p < 0.001 (GLM)]. Female head width (0.87 ± 0.18 mm) was significantly greater than that of males [0.79 ± 0.08 mm; p < 0.001 (t-test)]. Based on our present data we assume that the offspring number per single female is low (3–5), and new-borns have a relatively large size (body length: 4.22 ± 0.53 mm) compared to the adults. The probability of reproduction was continuous by monthly intervals (binomial test) and longevity exceeds one year. Our results suggest that the species follows a stenodynamic life history.

The genetics of mimetic colour polymorphism in the large narcissus bulb fly, Merodon equestris Fab. (Diptera: Syrphidae)

1972 ◽  
Vol 264 (863) ◽  
pp. 353-402 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Dominant Allele ◽  
Ground Colour ◽  
Potential Models ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Black Band

Genetical studies have revealed six gene loci concerned with body hair colour in Merodon equestris . These are: (i) Bulborum . Darkens all the thorax including the scutellum except the anterior. The dark allele is dominant. (ii) The modifier U. In conjunction with bulborum this produces the morph subvalidus . This is characterized by some sexual dimorphism. These are certain sex differences in the degree of darkening of the second abdominal segment and the female shows a degree of darkening of the anterior thorax. The dominant dark allele only expresses itself when the dominant allele of bulborum is present. (iii) The modifier V. In conjunction with the dominant alleles of bulborum and the modifier U only the dominant allele of the modifier V gives the sexually dimorphic colour type validus . The second abdominal segment is more or less completely blackened and in the female only the anterior of the thorax is completely blackened. (iv) Equestris . The dominant allele produces a black thoracic band like bulborum except that the scutellum is coloured. (v) Transversalis . Expression is limited to the female, although the locus is inherited autosomally. There is a black band on the third abdominal segment. (vi) Ground colour. There are three alleles determining the distribution of orange and yellow over the thorax and abdomen. They are YOYO, OOYY and OOOO, the letters referring to yellow or orange coloration from the anterior of the thorax to the abdomen tip. The dominance is simple: YOYO is dominant to OOYY and OOOO and OOYY is dominant to OOOO. Within the colour types YOYO and OOYY there are colour variants YYYO, YOYY, YYYY and OOOY, OOYO respectively. Orange is dominant to yellow in the YOYO category and yellow dominant to orange in the OOYY category. The OOOO can be regarded as a universal recessive and can be treated as a separate category or as a variant of the OOYY category. Linkage has been detected between three of the loci. These are equestris, bulborum and ground colour and the order of mention is the order of linkage on the chromosome. Linkage, however, is not very strong so that some recombination occurs. Some aspects of the population genetics of the colour polymorphism have been studied using such little data as are available. Linkage disequilibrium has been found in the field for the linked genes bulborum and ground colour appears to be strongly maintained. A listing of potential models for the 34 colour types of M. equestris reveals that the colour types most commonly occurring, and maintained at high frequency and in linkage disequilibrium, are the best mimics of bumble bees in the United Kingdom. Some aspects of the evolution of the colour polymorphism in Europe, particularly in relation to the related species M. flavus are discussed. The chromosome number found confirms that found by other workers (2 n = 12) and polytene chromosomes have been demonstrated in a variety of tissues

scholarly journals Temporally Dissociated, Trait-Specific Modifications Underlie Phenotypic Polyphenism inSpea multiplicataTadpoles, Which Suggests Modularity

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 715-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian L. Storz ◽  
Joseph Travis
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Developmental Control ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Ephemeral Ponds ◽  
Individual Trait ◽  
Intestine Length ◽  
Trophic Traits

Many organisms that develop in a variable environment show correlated patterns of phenotypic plasticity in several traits. Any individual trait modification can be beneficial, neutral, or deleterious in any particular environment; the organism's total fitness, which determines if the plasticity is adaptive, is the sum of these changes. Although much is known about how plastic traits contribute to fitness, less is known about the extent to which the various trait changes involved in the plastic responses share their developmental control. Shared control suggests that the various responses evolved in unison, but independent control suggests independent evolution of many components. Spadefoot toads have evolved adaptive polyphenism to cope with developing in rapidly drying ephemeral ponds. Larvae hatch as omnivores, but on exposure to an environmental cue, may develop into carnivores. We compared trait development in the two morphs and found that differences in jaw musculature, head dimensions, and intestines emerged early in development, whereas differences in shape of the tail emerged later. In omnivores, all traits except intestine length and hind-limb length were negatively allometric with body length; in carnivores, two of three jaw muscles displayed positive allometry and, among those that were negatively allometric, all except head width showed larger allometric coefficients in carnivores. Hind-limb length was positively allometric in both forms, but the allometric coefficients did not differ significantly. Intestine length was positively allometric to body length in both forms, but in this case, omnivores exhibited the higher coefficient. These results suggest that spadefoot plasticity is trait specific and the responses are suggestive of the existence of at least two modules: a suite of trophic traits that responds early in development and a suite of tail traits that responds later. The developmental control of these suites is the subject of further investigation.

Post-embryonic development of Lithobius microps Meinert (Chilopoda: Lithobiidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cephalic Shield

AbstractThe variation during development in the following characters of Lithobius microps is described: body-length, head-length, ratio head-length/body-length and head-length/ head-width, number of coxal pores, ocelli, antennal articles and teeth on forcipular coxosternite, projections on tergites 9, 11 and 13, spinulation on the last pair of legs, accessory apical claws on the 15th pair of legs, genitalia and the pattern on the cephalic shield. Also the difference between male and female and the correlation with size within each post-larval stadium are given. The boundary between juvenile and adult stadia, the number of post-larval stadia and the geographical variation in the number of antennal articles and coxal pores are discussed.

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