RESISTANCE TO THE FLEA BEETLE PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN FALSE FLAX, CAMELINA SATIVA (BRASSICACEAE)

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palaniswamy Pachagounder ◽  
Robert J. Lamb ◽  
Robert P. Bodnaryk
Keyword(s):  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
False Flax ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
High Level

AbstractFeeding damage by the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), was assessed on 51 accessions of false flax, Camelina sativa L., and compared with damage to seven other crucifer species. Three experiments were conducted on seedlings in laboratory arenas infested with field-collected beetles. Feeding damage was estimated visually at daily intervals for up to 7 days. Natural infestation of false flax and other crucifers was observed in the field. Flea beetles fed little (0–10% consumption) on cotyledons or true leaves of any of the false flax accessions, and fed more (59–100% consumption) on the other crucifers. Flea beetles were observed sitting on false flax in the field, sometimes in high numbers, but they did not feed. In the laboratory, beetles eventually fed on cotyledons and leaves and once feeding was initiated, it tended to continue. Resistance in false flax may result from the absence of cues that initiate feeding, rather than a feeding deterrent. The high level of resistance in false flax would likely be economically beneficial if this species is developed as an oilseed crop. False flax could also be useful experimentally for identifying the cues that attract flea beetles to plants and stimulate their feeding.

Laboratory studies of the toxicity of spinosad and deltamethrin to Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Elliott ◽  
M.C. Benjamin ◽  
C. Gillott
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle ◽  
Delayed Mortality

AbstractLaboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the contact and oral toxicity of commercial formulations of spinosad and deltamethrin to adults of the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze). Method of exposure had a significant effect on flea beetle mortality and feeding damage to canola seedlings. Topical treatment of flea beetles with deltamethrin or different concentrations of spinosad resulted in significantly lower mortality and higher feeding damage than exposure to treated canola cotyledons. Results indicated that spinosad was more toxic by ingestion than by topical contact. Mortality from treated cotyledons was significantly higher with 60 ppm deltamethrin than with 80 or 120 ppm spinosad after 24 h exposure but not after 120 h exposure. Delayed mortality in the spinosad treatments did not result in high feeding damage; damage after 120 h was not significantly different in the spinosad and deltamethrin treatments. Low concentrations of spinosad (40 ppm) strongly inhibited feeding activity within 24 h after exposure. Mortality from spinosad was higher after beetles were exposed to treated cotyledons for 120 h than for 24 h. Mortality from spinosad, but not deltamethrin, was significantly higher at 25 °C than at 15 °C. An ionic surfactant, polyethylenimine, increased the toxicity of 40 ppm spinosad. Our study suggests that spinosad has potential for use as an insecticide against crucifer flea beetles on canola.

Bioassay for assessing resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.) to the adult crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca H. Hallett ◽  
Heather Ray ◽  
Jennifer Holowachuk ◽  
Juliana J. Soroka ◽  
Margaret Y. Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle

A bioassay arena and a laboratory screening protocol were developed for assessing lines of Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.) for feeding damage by the adult crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze). The arena consists of a 96-well microtitre plate with a modified top to contain flea beetles and allow ventilation. Eight lines of A. thaliana, arranged in an 8 × 8 Latin square design, were screened simultaneously in each arena using 50 starved flea beetles. Two cotyledons and the first pair of true leaves per plant were rated visually under a dissecting microscope using a visual damage rating scale. The protocol was used to screen 29 wild ecotypes, eight mutant lines and a single transgenic line of A. thaliana. Discrimination between both cotyledon and leaf tissue was apparent for young beetles that were both non-reproductive or reproductive, but not for old reproductive beetles. Differences were observed between Asian and European ecotypes of A. thaliana, suggesting that geographic origin may play a role in susceptibility of Arabidopsis ecotypes to flea beetle feeding. The transparent testa regulatory gene mutants (lines 82, 111, 164) were most susceptible to flea beetle feeding, possibly indicating a role for anthocyanins and/or flavonoids in governing flea beetle susceptibility. Significant variation in damage levels indicates that expression of flea beetle resistance in the A rabidopsis genome is plastic, and that potential exists to use the wide array of publicly available Arabidopsis germplasm as tools in the transfer of resistance to agronomically important host plants. Key words: Seedling bioassay, Arabidopsis thaliana, wild ecotypes and mutants, crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae, host plant resistance

WOUND-INDUCED ANTIXENOTIC RESISTANCE TO FLEA BEETLES, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), IN CRUCIFERS

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Palaniswamy ◽  
R.J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Beetle Damage

AbstractLaboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of wounding the cotyledons of Sinapis alba L. cv. Ochre, Brassica napus L. cv. Westar, B. rapa L. cv. Tobin, and C8711, a selection from Tobin, on subsequent feeding damage by the flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze). Cotyledons of 7-day-old seedlings were wounded either by puncturing them with needles (mechanical wounding) or by exposing them to flea beetles. One, 2, or 9 days following wounding, the wounded and unwounded seedlings were exposed to flea beetles and the feeding damage was estimated as a measure of antixenosis. Mechanical wounding of one of the cotyledons with 96 needle punctures induced a significant reduction in the damage of the unwounded cotyledons of S. alba, 1 or 2 days following wounding. True leaves of the wounded seedlings also showed consistently less damage than unwounded controls, 9 days following wounding. In S. alba, all three levels of mechanical wounding (i.e. 6, 24, or 96 punctures per cotyledon) reduced subsequent flea beetle damage to a similar extent. Wrapping a cotyledon of S. alba with a plastic film produced an effect similar to wounding it with needles. As with mechanical wounding, flea beetle wounding also reduced subsequent flea beetle damage in S. alba. Other plant species (B. napus and B. rapa) tested showed no measurable induced effects on subsequent feeding damage.

FEEDING PREFERENCES OF PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) FOR WILTED AND NONWILTED CRUCIFER SEEDLINGS

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Palaniswamy ◽  
F. Matheson ◽  
R.J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle

Water stress, especially wilting, can increase the susceptibility of plants to herbivory by insects (Holtzer et al. 1988). Insects as diverse as locusts and leaf-cutting ants prefer wilted foliage (Bernays and Lewis 1986; Vasconcelos and Cherrett 1996). Palaniswamy et al. (1997) observed that the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), fed on excised and wilted foliage of Thlaspi arvense L. (Cruciferae) but not on intact and turgid foliage. If water stress can make unpalatable plants more palatable, identifying robust resistance to pests such as flea beetles will be difficult. The purpose of this study was to determine whether wilting affects feeding by the crucifer flea beetle and in particular if wilting differentially affects feeding on preferred and nonpreferred plants.

Mechanisms of resistance to the flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), in mustard seedlings, Sinapis alba L.

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Bodnaryk ◽  
R. J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
Choice Feeding ◽  
Preferred Hosts

Antixenosis (nonpreference) and tolerance were identified as two mechanisms of resistance in seedlings of mustard, Sinapis alba 'Ochre', that likely account for the high level of resistance that this plant shows to flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze, in the field. Sinapis alba showed antixenosis in no-choice and choice feeding tests with a susceptible species, Brassica napus 'Westar'. The beetles consumed about twice as much of the B. napus foliage as compared with S. alba. The highest level of antixenosis occurred in younger seedlings, indicating that S. alba puts forth an optimum defense when it is most vulnerable to flea beetle herbivory. Seedlings of S. alba were tolerant of low levels of flea beetle feeding damage to their cotyledons and continued to grow at almost the same rate as undamaged seedlings, whereas the growth of B. napus declined continuously with the level of feeding damage. The level of tolerance shown by S. alba combined with antixenosis probably accounts for the resistance reported for this crop in the field. In comparison with S. alba, B. napus seedlings, which show no tolerance and are preferred hosts, succumb rapidly to flea beetle attack unless protected with an insecticide. Key words: Insect resistance, mechanism, flea beetle, seedling, mustard, Sinapis alba

PREDATION ON ADULTS OF THE CRUCIFER FLEA BEETLE, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE), BY THE NORTHERN FALL FIELD CRICKET, GRYLLUS PENNSYLVANICUS BURMEISTER (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgess ◽  
C.F. Hinks
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Gryllus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Disposable Plastic

Predation on adults of the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), by the northern fall field cricket, Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, was recorded in laboratory tests to identify predators of flea beetles that attack canola and mustard crops. In these tests, four field-collected adult crickets all ate live adult P. icruciferae, as did 15 of 16 lateinstar cricket nymphs. The tests were carried out in 60 by 20 mm disposable plastic Petri dishes, with a stoppered hole to facilitate introduction of flea beetles. A filter paper liner in the bottom of the dish gave the insects a firm footing.

Importance of tolerance and growth rate in the resistance of oilseed rapes and mustards to flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Brandt ◽  
R. J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Flea Beetles

The resistance of oilseed rapes and mustards to crucifer flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), is known to vary, and tolerance to feeding damage may be a factor in the resistance shown by two of the species. The tolerance of Brassica juncea L., Brassica napus L., Brassica rapa L. and Sinapis alba L. was compared in field and laboratory studies. The growth rates of damaged and undamaged plants were measured at four early growth stages, and the level of antixenosis was determined to ascertain the relative importance of tolerance and antixenosis and the relationship between tolerance and growth rate. Antixenosis was confirmed to be a factor in the resistance of S. alba, but this species also proved to be most tolerant of feeding damage and showed rapid compensatory growth at three early growth stages. Brassica juncea showed no antixenosis, but it was tolerant of damage particularly at germination, the cotyledon stage, and the first true leaf stages, which probably accounts for its resistance to moderate flea beetle damage. Brassica rapa showed only a very low level of tolerance, and B. napus was intolerant of damage at all four growth stages. The level of tolerance was species specific and growth-stage specific and was not related to the rates of growth of the species. Key words: Insecta, antixenosis, canola, crucifer flea beetles

THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES BY THE CRUCIFER FLEA BEETLE, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE)

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 1369-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Turnock ◽  
S.A. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Spray Tower ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle

AbstractThe contact toxicities of 11 insecticides were determined with a Potter spray tower using adults of crucifer flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) collected from three locations over a 3-year period. Flea beetles collected from an experimental farm at London, Ontario, where no insecticides had been used, were compared with those from canola-growing areas near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Lindane, in a seed dressing, is widely used in both Saskatchewan and Manitoba whereas carbofuran, as in-furrow granules, has been more heavily used in Manitoba than in Saskatchewan. The flea beetles from Winnipeg were significantly less susceptible to all three carbamates tested (carbofuran, carbaryl, oxamyl) than those from Saskatoon or London. Both the Winnipeg and Saskatoon flea beetles were significantly less susceptible to methamidophos than the London population but not to the other organophosphates, the organochlorine (endosulfan), or the pyrethroids that were tested. These differences may indicate resistance in the Manitoba population, but this low level would not affect the efficacy of the currently recommended insecticides. The results emphasize the need to develop control strategies that will minimize the chances that the level of resistance will increase.

FEEDING PREFERENCES OF A FLEA BEETLE, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), AMONG WILD CRUCIFERS

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palaniswamy Pachagounder ◽  
Robert J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
North America ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle

The crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), feeds primarily on plants in the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) (Feeny et al. 1970). Introduced from Europe, it is now a widespread pest of canola, Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L., in North America (Lamb and Turnock 1982; Weiss et al. 1991). Before canola occupied so much crop land in western Canada, flea beetles were present and presumably fed mostly on wild crucifers. These native and weedy crucifers are potential sources of resistance genes that might be transferred to canola. We examine feeding preferences of flea beetles among nine wild crucifers (Table 1) to determine which, if any, are avoided. The suitability of these plants has already been examined for another crucifer-feeding chrysomelid, the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown (Gerber and Obadofin 1981; Gerber 1984), and the feeding responses of the beetles are compared.

EFFECTS OF FLEA BEETLES, PHYLLOTRETA SPP. (CHRYSOMELIDAE: COLEOPTERA), ON THE SURVIVAL, GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF CANOLA, RAPE AND YELLOW MUSTARD

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Beetle Damage ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe effects of damage by natural infestations of the flea beetles Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and Phyllotreta striolata (F.) on field plots of canola, rape (Brassica napus L.), and yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) are described. Damage occurred primarily during the first few weeks after emergence: seedling mortality was high during the first week and growth was reduced during at least the first 2 weeks. This early damage delayed plant development, caused unevenness in height and maturity, and reduced seed yield and raised the chlorophyll content of the seed.Comparison among tests and treatments showed that a later-seeded test suffered less damage, and that carbofuran-treated plots were better protected than lindane-treated plots although the latter suffered slightly lower plant mortality. Yellow mustard showed a high level of resistance to flea beetle damage in comparison to rape and canola. Small differences in susceptibility were detected among three cultivars of B. napus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document