EFFICACY OF AERIAL APPLICATIONS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER AND TEBUFENOZIDE AGAINST THE EASTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. West ◽  
D. Thompson ◽  
K.M.S. Sundaram ◽  
A. Sundaram ◽  
A. Retnakaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Hormone Analog ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Hemlock Looper ◽  
Poor Efficacy

AbstractThe formulated product of the insect-molting hormone analog, tebufenozide (MIMIC 240LV), and two aqueous formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, ABG6387 and ABG6414, were aerially applied over prethinned commercial stands of balsam fir infested with the eastern hemlock looper. MIMIC® was applied once at the rate of 65.1 g active ingredient (ai) in 1.86 L/ha and twice at the rate of 33.4–35.4 g ai in 1.91–2.02 L/ha. The formulations of B. thuringiensis were applied twice at rates of 19.3–24.1 billion International Units (BIU) in 1.54–1.93 L/ha for ABG6387 and 33.2–36.0 BIU in 1.67–1.80 L/ha for ABG6414.Nine of the 10 plots treated with the single application of MIMIC showed reductions resulting from treatment, ranging from 3 to 93% within 9–11 days and 8 to 100% after 3 weeks. Plots treated twice with the lower dosage of MIMIC generally had larval population reductions of over 50% within 9–11 days of treatment and over 60% 3 weeks after treatment. For both treatments with MIMIC, plots with poor efficacy were clearly associated with low foliar deposition of the active ingredient. Overall, the results suggest that deposits of tebufenozide of less than 1.5 μg/g foliage do not give acceptable control of hemlock looper. Pupal population reductions resulting from treatment ranged from 8 to 99% for plots treated with the single application and 76 to 100% for plots treated twice at the half-dosage. Ground assessments of defoliation occurring after treatment ranged from 10 to 51% (year-old foliage) and 0 to 16% (current-year foliage) for the plots treated once, and 1 to 33% (year-old foliage) and 0 to 8% (current-year foliage) for the plots treated twice at the half-dosage. Thirty-five to 65% of year-old foliage and 15–39% of current-year foliage was defoliated in untreated check plots.Reductions resulting from treatment by ABG6387 ranged from 27 to 91% 10 days after the first application, from 73 to 99% 8 days after the second application, and from 90 to 100% for pupae. Plots treated with ABG6414 had larval population reductions from 76 to 93% 10 days after the first application and from 98 to 100% 7 days after the second application. No pupae were recovered in the plots treated with ABG6414. Defoliation assessed from ground level was less than 5% in the plots treated with ABG6387 and ABG6414 compared with defoliation of 10–29% of year-old foliage and 8–12% defoliation of current-year foliage in the check plots.

EFFICACY OF OIL-BASED FORMULATIONS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER VAR. KURSTAKI AGAINST THE HEMLOCK LOOPER, LAMBDINA FISCELLARIA FISCELLARIA (GUEN.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. West ◽  
A.G. Raske ◽  
A. Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Hemlock Looper

AbstractOil-based formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki, Dipel 132, Dipel 176, and Dipel 264, were aerially applied at rates of 1.18–2.36 L/ha over five 30-ha plots in a balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., forest in efficacy tests against the eastern hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Guen.), in Newfoundland. Double applications of 30 Billion International Units (BIU) per hectare of each formulation and single applications of 40 BIU per hectare of Dipel 176 and Dipel 264 were tested. Larval population reductions of more than 95% and no defoliation of old or new foliage were observed in the plots receiving double applications and in the plot treated with a single application of Dipel 264. Larval numbers were reduced by 85% and defoliation was 4% in the plot treated once with Dipel 176.These treatments were applied against low to moderate larval populations, and their success was attributed to excellent spray coverage and early application when 50% or more of the larvae were still in their first instar.

EFFICACY OF VARIOUS BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER VAR. KURSTAKI FORMULATIONS AND DOSAGES IN THE FIELD AGAINST THE HEMLOCK LOOPER, LAMBDINA FISCELLARIA FISCELLARIA (GUEN.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE), IN NEWFOUNDLAND

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. West ◽  
A.G Raske ◽  
A. Retnakaran ◽  
K.P. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Hemlock Looper

AbstractAerially applied Thuricide 48LV, Thuricide 64B, Futura XLV, and water-based formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (B.t.), were tested for effectiveness to control the hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Guen.), in balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., stands. Thuricide 64B, applied twice at a dosage of 30 Billion International Units (BIU) per hectare in 1.78 L/ha, was the most effective, reducing the larval population by 100%.

Assessment of IPM module against pod borer complex in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
◽  
S. Nath ◽  
S.K. Kannaujia ◽  
S.P. Sonkar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
On Farm

On-farm testing of IPM module in pigeon pea against pod borer complex was carried out on farmers’ field of two villages of district Jaunpur by KVK Jaunpur- 1 during 2018 and 2019 with three components viz., IPM module, farmers’ practice, and untreated check without plant protection measures. The IPM interventions viz., growing pod borer tolerant variety, two rows of maize as a border crop, installation of pheromone traps and bird perches with the application of botanical based insecticide azadirachtin 1% at the vegetative stage as an oviposition deterrence, application of chlorantraniliprole, and flubendiamide at critical stages of pod borer appearance during bud initiation and flowering stages. The reduction in the larval population and pod damage in IPM treated plots resulted in a significant increase in grain yield (1525 kg/ha) followed by farmers’ practice (1195 kg/ha) and in untreated check (857 kg/ha) The increase in grain yield was due to an additional investment of Rs.4100/-ha towards IPM module and farmers’ practice (Rs.2600/-ha). The excess expenditure incurred resulted in the highest net return of Rs.47550/-ha in the IPM module as compared to farmers' practice and in untreated check resulted in the lowest net return of Rs.18250/-ha.

CONTROL OF THE EUROPEAN WIREWORM AGRIOTES OBSCURUS (L.) IN NOVA SCOTIA WITH INSECTICIDES APPLIED TO THE SOIL

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. S. Fox ◽  
G. G. Smeltzer
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Agriotes Obscurus ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
The Third ◽  
Untreated Check

The wireworm Agriotes obscurus (L.) was con trolled at Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, with insecticides incorporated into the soil. Aldrin or heptachlor at 4 lb. per acre, and lindane at 1.25 lb., each significantly reduced the number of larvae per square foot and increased the yield of dry matter of forage for 3 years after application. A single application of aldrin or heptachlor at 3 lb. per acre resulted in increased yields of oats during the second season after application, and of leguminous forage plants during the third, but potatoes grown immediately after the application were not significantly less injured by wireworms than those grown on untreated check plots.

THE CONTROL OF THE APPLE APHID ON DWARF APPLE TREES WITH BARK APPLICATIONS OF DIMETHOATE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Pielou
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Basal Part ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Aphis Pomi ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Excellent Control

Very effective control of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeG., on dwarf apple trees, has been obtained by two paintings of an undiluted emulsifiable concentrate of dimethoate (30 per cent active ingredient) on the basal part of the trunk of the tree. Approximately 2 millilitres are applied per tree, and application is made with a 1-inch paint brush around the trunk over a distance of approximately 12 inches. A single application in early July, at a time when the seasonal upsurge of aphids is beginning, gave excellent control for 3 to 4 weeks, even where conditions for reinfestation were favourable. A second application at the end of that period ensured full seasonal control. Almost equally good control was obtained by diluting the concentrate with an equal volume of water. At greater dilutions less effective control resulted. The use of a slurry made from dimethoate, 50 per cent wettable powder, in place of the emulsion, was reasonably effective but slower in action.

Characterization of the Soil Hydromorphic Conditions in a Paludified Dunefield during the Mid-Holocene Hemlock Decline near Québec City, Québec

1996 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najat Bhiry ◽  
Louise Filion
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Hemlock Decline ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Hemlock Looper

The mid-Holocene eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis L. (Carr.)] decline has been recently attributed to the activity of insect defoliators. N. Bihiry and L. Filion, Quaternary Research 45,312–320 (1996). In this study, soil hydromorphic conditions were investigated for the period 6800–3200 yr B.P. using micromorphological data from a peat section from a swale in a paludified dunefield in southern Québec. After a short period of plant colonization in shallow pools between 6800 and 6400 yr B.P., mesic conditions predominated in the interdune before the decline (6400–4900 yr B.P.), as evidenced by strong bioturbation and abundance of excrements from the soil fauna. During the decline, a shift from mesic to wet conditions occurred (4900–4100 yr B.P.), although xeric to mesic conditions persisted on dune ridges until at least 4200 yr B.P. Wetness culminated when beaver occupied the site (4100–3750 yr B.P.). Hemlock needles with chewing damage typical of hemlock looper (Lambdina fiscellaria) feeding were identified at levels dated 4900, 4600, and 4200 yr B.P., respectively, implying that the hemlock decline was associated with at least three defoliation events. The ca. 400-yr interval between these events likely represents the time required for this late-sucessional tree species to recover.

THE AEROBIC BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH THE EASTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER LAMBDINA FISCELLARIA (GN.)

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Angus
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Digestive Process ◽  
Hemlock Looper

A study was made of healthy hemlock loopers (Lambdina fiscellaria Gn.) to determine whether a specific bacterial flora is associated with this insect. Larvae, pupae, adults, and eggs were examined by a number of methods and the bacteria found were cultured and classified. Organisms belonging to nine genera of bacteria were isolated and they were principally of foliage-contaminating or soil types that could be ingested with the insects' food. Few of the ingested bacteria survive the digestive process. It is concluded that the bacterial flora is adventitious.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MICROBIAL NUMBERS AND DROPLET SIZE IN AERIAL SPRAY APPLICATIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (10) ◽  
pp. 1319-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. N. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Entomopathogenic Viruses

AbstractExperiments were designed to determine the actual number of spores and crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) and of nuclear polyhedral virus and entomopoxvirus deposited at ground level per unit area and to determine any change in spore:crystal ration following aerial application in forested plots.The results indicate that: (1) The estimation of B.t. aerial spray deposits by the commonly used agar plate method grossly underestimates the deposit rates of active ingredient. The tracer dye method more accurately estimates deposit rates for both B.t. and entomopathogenic viruses. As a dye 0.1% Erio Acid Red XB is recommended. (2) The relationship between drop size and the number of spores and crystals or virus inclusion bodies/drop is curvilinear. This relationship probably holds true regardless of spray volume rate. All visible spray deposits at ground level contained some active ingredient. (3) With B.t. sprays the sporexrystal ratio emitted from the aircraft is not changed upon target impact.

scholarly journals Comparison of three management schemes for Colorado potato beetle on early-season potatoes in Prince Edward Island

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Stewart ◽  
A.P. Dornan
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Management Schemes

The economics of managing the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on potatoes (Solarium tuberosum) with different strategies was tested at four sites on Prince-Edward-Island in 1989. Three treatments were tested at each site: 1) an untreated check, 2) an application of Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis or rotenone after a threshold of 0.5 Colorado Potato Beetle Equivalents (CPBE) per stalk was reached ( 1 CPBE = 1 spring adult, 8 first- or second- instar larvae, 3 third- or fourth- instar larvae, or 1.6 summer adults), and 3) applications of insecticide according to the grower's normal spray schedule. At one site, tuber yield of plots managed with the 0.5 CPBE-per-stalk threshold was similar to that of plots where the grower maintained his normal spray schedule, but three fewer applications of insecticides were needed in the former. At the remaining sites, where the density of Colorado potato beetles did not exceed the threshold, tuber yield was similar to that of the grower's plots. This suggests that there were needless applications of insecticides by the growers.

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