CONTROL OF THE EUROPEAN WIREWORM AGRIOTES OBSCURUS (L.) IN NOVA SCOTIA WITH INSECTICIDES APPLIED TO THE SOIL

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. S. Fox ◽  
G. G. Smeltzer
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Agriotes Obscurus ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
The Third ◽  
Untreated Check

The wireworm Agriotes obscurus (L.) was con trolled at Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, with insecticides incorporated into the soil. Aldrin or heptachlor at 4 lb. per acre, and lindane at 1.25 lb., each significantly reduced the number of larvae per square foot and increased the yield of dry matter of forage for 3 years after application. A single application of aldrin or heptachlor at 3 lb. per acre resulted in increased yields of oats during the second season after application, and of leguminous forage plants during the third, but potatoes grown immediately after the application were not significantly less injured by wireworms than those grown on untreated check plots.

The Brown Mite, Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson (Acarina: Tetranychidae), on Apple in Nova Scotia.: I. Influence of Intratree Distribution on the Selection of Sampling Units. II. Differences in Habits and Seasonal Trends in Orchards With Bivoltine and Trivoltine Populations. III. Distribution of Diapause Eggs. IV. Hatching of Diapause Eggs

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1303-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn Nova Scotia one leaf cluster with an adjoining 1 inch of twig taken from the inside of each of 10 apple trees replicated four times is an adequate sample unit to measure the density of the brown mite.The brown mite has one generation with a partial second in some orchards and one with a partial second and partial third in others. The first generation adults in the bivoltine and trivoltine populations lay summer eggs on the leaves and twigs, and diapause eggs on tin twigs. The second generation adults in the bivoltine populations lay only diapause eggs; in the trivoltine populations they lay both summer and diapause eggs. The adults of the third generation lay only diapause eggs.The brown mite is found on both the leaves and woody parts of the tree. In orchards with bivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80% by mid-July, but thereafter gradually decreased to 10% by the end of August. However, in orchards with trivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80 to 90% by mid-July, remained constant until mid-August, and thereafter decreased to approximately 40% by the end of August.The number of diapause eggs laid by adults of each generation in both the bivoltine and trivoltine populations varies widely. The eggs are deposited on the trunk as well as on the branches, with the heaviest deposition in the central area of the tree. The diapause eggs laid by adults of the first generation are the last to hatch and those laid by the third generation are the first to hatch the following spring.The factors responsible for the differences in the number of generations and in the number of diapause eggs laid are unknown.

Effects of delaying chemical fallowing in pasture rotations on pasture quality and wheat yield in the Victorian Wimmera

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ O'Leary ◽  
RM Binns ◽  
TR Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
Chemical Fallow ◽  
Conservation Method

The effects of delaying chemical fallowing in a pasture rotation on pasture quality and subsequent wheat yield were investigated at sites near Minyip and Charlton, Victoria, in 1983 and 1984. Three chemical fallows were commenced at different times and were compared with a conventionally cultivated fallow. The earliest chemical fallow was established, together with a conventional fallow, at the end of winter. The second chemical fallow commenced towards the end of the rapid spring growth period in mid-October (early hayfreezing), and the third in mid- November (late hayfreezing) on a grass-dominant pasture. The pasture in spring ranged from 51 to 72% digestible dry matter (DDM) but the quality declined to 42-50% DDM by the end of the fallow treatments in autumn at each site in both years. Weathering of the pasture over summer reduced it to roughage. In contrast to a conventional fallow, early hayfreezing of pasture reduced the yield of subsequent wheat crops at Minyip by 14% in 1984 and 26% in 1985. Late hayfreezing caused losses of around 35% in each year at Minyip. At Charlton yield losses were much lower with only 14% loss observed from late hayfreezing in 1985. Because the feed produced by hayfreezing was of very poor quality, hayfreezing cannot be recommended as a viable fodder conservation method as it could not adequately compensate for any yield loss.

scholarly journals Selectivity of Saflufenacil for Sweet Sorghum and Potential use of Na-Bentazon as a Safener

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Correia ◽  
L.J.P. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ambient Condition ◽  
The Third ◽  
Potential Use

The objective of this study was to assess the selectivity herbicide saflufenacil for two sweet sorghum hybrids, when sprayed in preemergence and postemergence, besides the use of Na-bentazon as a 'safener' for saflufenacil. Three experiments were conducted, in pots, maintained in an ambient condition (second and third experiments) and in a greenhouse (first experiment). In each experiment a completely randomized distribution was used, with four replicates. In the first (2 x 6 factorial) two hybrids of sweet sorghum (CVSW 80007 and CVSW 80147) and six dosages (0; 35; 52.5; 70; 87.5 and 105 g ha-1) of saflufenacil were studied, applied in preemergence of the plants. In the second (2 x 5 factorial) the same hybrids of sweet sorghum sprayed in postemergence with saflufenacil (0; 35; 52.5; 70 and 87.5 g h-1) were assessed. In the third (4 x 5 factorial) the association of Na-bentazon (0; 240; 480 and 720 g ha-1) to saflufenacil (0.35; 52.5; 70 and 87.5 g ha-1) was studied, when sprayed in postemergence on the sweet sorghum plants (CVSW 80007). Hybrid CVSW 80147 was more tolerant to saflufenacil than hybrid CVSW 800007, in preemergence or postemergence applications. The variables that best assessed the sensibility of the sweet sorghum to saflufenacil were number of emerged plants, for preemergence applications, and dry matter of stem for postemergence. Na-bentazon showed promise for use as 'safener' in postemergence applications of saflufenacil in sweet sorghum for dosages up to 70 g ha-1.

scholarly journals A comparison of first-, second- and third-cut timothy silages in the diets of finishing beef bulls

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Kalevi Huuskonen ◽  
Maiju Pesonen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Vitamin Mixture

The objective of the present experiment was to study the effects of the third-cut grass silage compared with the first- and second-cut silages on intake, performance and carcass characteristics of finishing bulls. A feeding experiment comprised 45 Simmental bulls which were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum. The three dietary treatments included either first-, second- or third-cut grass silage (550 g kg-1 dry matter), rolled barley (435 g kg-1 dry matter) and a mineral-vitamin mixture (15 g kg-1 dry matter). Dry matter and energy intakes and growth rates of the bulls increased when either first- or third-cut silages were used instead of the second-cut silage. This was probably due to differences in digestibility, which was the lowest in the second-cut silage. There were no differences in intake or growth between the first- and third-cut silage-based rations. No significant differences in carcass traits among the feeding treatments were observed.

scholarly journals Use of rapeseed and pea grain protein supplements for organic milk production

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KHALILI ◽  
E. KUUSELA ◽  
E. SAARISALO
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Rapeseed Cake ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Cold Pressed

Grass-red clover silage was fed ad libitum. In experiment 1 a duplicated 4 x 4 Latin square design was used. A mixture of oats and barley was given at 8 kg (C). Three isonitrogenous protein supplements were a commercial rapeseed meal (218 g kg-1 dry matter (DM); RSM), crushed organic field pea (Pisum sativum L.) (452 g kg-1 DM; P) and a mixture of pea (321 g kg-1 DM) and organic rapeseed (Spring turnip rape, Brassica rapa L. oleifera subv. annua) (155 g kg-1 DM; PRS). Cows on P and PRS diets produced as much milk as cows on the RSM diet. Milk yield was higher but protein content lower with PRS diet than with diet P. In experiment 2 a triplicated 3 x 3 Latin square design was used. A mixture of oats (395 g kg-1 ), barley (395 g kg-1 ) and a commercial heat-moisture treated rapeseed cake (210 g kg-1 ) was given at 8 kg (RSC). The second diet (ORSC) consisted (g kg-1) of oats (375), barley (375) and cold-pressed organic rapeseed cake (250). The third diet (RSCO) consisted (g kg-1) of oat (395), barley (395) and commercial heat-moisture treated rapeseed cake (250) and additional rapeseed oil (0.38 kg) to balance fat content between ORSC and RSCO diets. There was no dietary effect on the yield of energy corrected milk. Milk yield was higher with RSCO diet compared with other diets.;

scholarly journals IRRIGAÇÃO DE PASTAGENS VIA PIVÔ CENTRAL, NA BOVINOCULTURA DE CORTE.

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Pretto de Azevedo ◽  
João Carlos Cury Saad
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Center Pivot

Irrigação de pastagens via pivô central, na bovinocultura de corte.  Leonardo Pretto de Azevedo1; João Carlos Cury Saad21 Instituto Federal de São Roque, São Roque, SP, [email protected] de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP,   1 RESUMO          O presente trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar o sistema de irrigação de pastagens via pivô central na bovinocultura de corte brasileira, bem como discutir a viabilidade econômica desta prática em diferentes regiões do país. Foram apresentados fatores importantes na produção de massa seca de forrageiras tropicais, como temperatura, radiação solar, adubação e água. Também foram apresentadas as vantagens e desvantagens do sistema, bem como uma breve discussão de sua viabilidade econômica. Concluiu-se que a irrigação de pastagens pode ser uma técnica economicamente viável para regiões específicas do Brasil, considerando-se os fatores envolvidos e esclarecendo que apenas o fornecimento de água às culturas não resolve o problema da estacionalidade durante o inverno. UNITERMOS: pivô central, forrageiras, viabilidade econômica  AZEVEDO, L. P.; SAAD, J. C. C. Pasture irrigation under center pivot for beef cattle.  2 ABSTRACT          The aims of this work were to show the pasture irrigation system by center pivot with Brazilian cattle and to discuss the economic feasibility of this technique in different regions of the country. Important parameters to dry matter production of tropical forage plants, as temperature, solar radiation, fertilization, and water requirement were shown Also, the system advantages and disadvantages and a discussion about economic feasibility of this technique were presented. It was concluded that pasture irrigation is a feasible and economical technique to some specific Brazilian regions, depending on appropriated parameters. This work also concludes that just water supply is not enough to assure forage production avoiding reduction in dry production in the winter. KEYWORDS: center pivot, pasture, economic feasibility

Aqueous ammonia compared with other nitrogenous fertilizers as solids and solutions on grass

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Hodgson ◽  
A. P. Draycott
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Aqueous Ammonia ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Single Application

SUMMARYField experiments with Italian ryegrass cut four times a year compared aqueous ammonia with ammonium sulphate and with a mixture of ammonium nitrate and urea (equal parts by weight). In 1963 four rates of nitrogen, 224, 448, 672 and 896 lb/acre, were applied as single and split dressings of injected aqueous ammonia, as solid ammonium sulphate and as injected solution of ammonium sulphate. There was little difference in total dry-matter yield between a single injection of aqueous ammonia and the split dressing of solid. Injecting ammonium sulphate solution eliminated scorch caused by single applications of solid supplying 448 lb N/acre or more and gave significantly greater dry-matter yields. A single application of 448 lb N/acre provided enough nitrogen to sustain the response of the grass to the end of the season.In 1964 a single injection of aqueous ammonia was compared with ammonium nitrate/urea applied as solid or solution at 280, 560 and 840 lb N/acre. There was no difference in total dry-matter yield between aqueous ammonia and ammonium nitrate/urea at rates of 560 and 840 lb/acre. At 280 lb/acre a split dressing of solid produced most dry matter. More than 280 lb N/acre was required, therefore, as a single application in spring to last the whole season, but this rate of nitrogen applied as a split dressing was almost sufficient to give maximum yield.In both experiments the seasonal distribution of dry matter was similar for single and split applications except in 1963 when large single injections of ammonium sulphate produced greater yields at the third cut than the split applications. The percentage of nitrogen recovered in the harvested grass decreased as nitrogen rate was increased and was greater from single than split applications. Recovery of nitrogen from aqueous ammonia was less efficient from four injections than one, and was greater in 1964 than 1963 due to better penetration of the sward by injector tines. Least nitrogen was recovered from surface-applied solutions of ammonium nitrate/urea. Regressions of dry-matter yield on nitrogen yield showed that single injections of aqueous ammonia were as efficient as other fertilizers tested.

EFFECTS OF SOME TRACE ELEMENTS ON GRASS AND LEGUME PRODUCTION IN NOVA SCOTIA

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Smeltzer ◽  
W. M. Langille ◽  
K. S. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Legume Production

In a field experiment, conducted on four different soil types, trace elements cobalt, zinc, manganese, copper, sodium and molybdenum were applied by sprayer to a grass-legume sward in late September in both 1955 and 1956. Treatment differences were evaluated in terms of total dry matter production and by the chemical composition of the plant tissue. The elements applied were detectable in plant tissue, but herbage yields were not affected. Apparently the trace elements in these different soil types were in the range of sufficiency for maximum herbage production.

scholarly journals Automatically monitoring of dietary effects on rumination and activity of finishing heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1931
Author(s):  
E. Giaretta ◽  
A. L. Mordenti ◽  
G. Canestrari ◽  
A. Palmonari ◽  
A. Formigoni
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sodium Sulfite ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ash Residue

Rumination and activity behaviours are important welfare indexes in beef-cattle housing. The main objective of the present study was to assess whether the automatic collars are able to reliably assess the rumination and activity patterns of beef heifers. For this purpose, individual rumination time and activity (RT and AT respectively) were continuously recorded using an automatic neck-collar system (Hr-Tag, SCR Engineers Ltd, Israel) on the three trials performed. For Experiment 1, 60 Italian crossbred heifers were randomly assigned to one of two experimental diets for 9 months: the corn–silage diet (CS), which included 50% forage on a dry-matter (DM) basis (43% corn–silage, 7% wheat straw) and the hay diet (HAY), with 57% forage on DM basis (28.5% grass hay, 28.5% alfalfa hay). Heifers consuming HAY diet showed greater (P < 0.05) RT (min/day) and AT (bits/day) than did those on CS diet. Rumination time per kilogram of dry matter and per kilogram of amylase- and sodium sulfite-treated neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash residue (aNDFom) intake were similar in the two experimental groups, while RT per kilogram of physical effective NDF (peNDF) intake was greater (P < 0.05) in the CS group than in the HAY one. Daily rumination and activity patterns (min/2 h and bits/2 h respectively) were significantly different between CS and HAY groups. In the second experiment, 32 beef heifers were randomly allocated in two homogeneous pens, each containing eight animals, and two non-homogeneous ones, in which animals were added at different periods. The AT of non-homogeneous pens was significantly higher than that of the homogeneous ones, suggesting a distress condition for values higher than 309 bits/day AT. In the third experiment, RT and AT of three animals with respiratory disease were collected using the automatic collar system and compared with AT and RT of the healthy animals. Sick animals presented a significantly lower RT and higher AT than did the healthy ones. The cut-off to distinguish sick from healthy heifers was set to 537 bits/day AT and 381 min/day RT. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that automatic collars can reliably monitor different rumination and activity behaviours of beef animals in various management conditions and different health statuses.

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