PRIMARY SETAE AND PORES ON THE LEGS, THE LAST ABDOMINAL SEGMENT, AND THE UROGOMPHI OF LARVAE OF NEARCTIC COLYMBETINAE (COLEOPTERA: ADEPHAGA: DYTISCIDAE) WITH AN ANALYSIS OF THEIR PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Alarie
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Dorsal Margin ◽  
Campaniform Sensilla ◽  
Monophyletic Origin ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
First Instar

AbstractThrough an analysis of the primary setae and pores (campaniform sensilla) of first-instar larvae of 32 species of Colymbetinae, 33 species belonging to other dytiscid subfamilies, and seven species belonging to other families of Hydradephaga, the ancestral system of primary setae and pores of the legs, the last abdominal segment, and the urogomphi of Colymbetinae is deduced. Seventy-four setae and 24 pores have been assigned to the generalized colymbetine larva: 51 setae and 18 pores on the legs, 15 setae and three pores on the last abdominal segment, and eight setae and three pores on each urogomphus. A comparison with the ground-plan pattern of the subfamily Hydroporinae is provided. Members of Colymbetinae differ from those of Hydroporinae by the presence of setae TR3, AB14, and AB15, the absence of pore ABd, and the presence of a variable number of additional setae on the femur. A tentative phylogenetic reconstruction of the colymbetine genera provided is based on 24 larval characteristics. The monophyletic origin of the subfamily Colymbetinae is confirmed based on the shared presence of seta AB14. Two monophyletic lineages unite basally: (1) [(Agabus Leach + Ilybius Erichson) + Agabinus Crotch], and (2) {[Colymbetes Clairville + (Rhantus Dejean + Neoscutopterus Balfour-Browne)] + Matus Aubé}. The genera Agabinus and Matus are postulated as a sister-group of (Agabus + Ilybius) and [(Colymbetes + (Rhantus + Neoscutopterus)], respectively. Compared with other Colymbetinae, both Neoscutopterus and Matus stand out by the presence of several strikingly peculiar features. The subgenus Rhantus (Nartus) is postulated to be the sister-group of Neoscutopterus based on the shared presence of additional setae on the dorsal margin of the femur.

Phylogenetic relationships, larval morphology, and chaetotaxy of the subfamily Coptotominae (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano C. Michat ◽  
Yves Alarie
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Segment Viii ◽  
Tracheal Gills

AbstractLarval morphology of the monogeneric subfamily Coptotominae (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) is described and illustrated in detail, with particular emphasis on morphometry and chaetotaxy. Larvae ofCoptotomusSay are unique within Dytiscidae in the presence of tracheal gills on the abdominal segments I–VI, a short bifid horn or nasale in instar I, long spinulae on the urogomphus in instar I, and rows of natatory setae on both the internal and external margins of the urogomphus in instars II and III. A cladistic analysis based on 125 larval characters sampled among representatives of other dytiscid subfamilies supports a sister-group relationship between Coptotominae and Laccophilinae based on the shared absence of setae LA10 and LA12 on the second labial palpomere and of pore ABc on the abdominal segment VIII. The clade Coptotominae + Laccophilinae resolved as sister to Lancetinae, all three subfamilies sharing the presence of an unusually low number of lamellae clypeales in the first instar (a condition called four-peg-pattern), postulated to have evolved secondarily within Dytiscidae.

Larval morphology of the tribe Matini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Colymbetinae): descriptions of Batrachomatus daemeli, Matus bicarinatus, and Allomatus nannup and phylogenetic relationships

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Alarie ◽  
Chris H.S. Watts ◽  
Anders N. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Monophyletic Origin ◽  
First Instar

AbstractDescriptions are presented of larval instars of three species of the colymbetine tribe Matini Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), Batrachomatus daemeli (Sharp), Matus bicarinatus (Say), and Allomatus nannup Watts, including a chaetotaxic and porotaxic analysis of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphi. A parsimony analysis based on 32 informative larval characteristics was conducted with the computer program NONA. Members of the Matini are postulated to share a monophyletic origin based on (i) seta TR2 articulated anteroventroproximally on the trochanter; (ii) seta TR5 elongate on the metatrochanter; (iii) seta TA1 elongate and inserted proximally on the tarsus; (iv) antenomere III with a hole-like ventroapical spinula; (v) prementum with the primary setae LA2, LA3, LA4, LA5, and LA8 spine-like and elongate; (vi) presence of secondary setae on the cephalic appendages; and (vii) presence of additional primary setae on the last abdominal segment. A clade Matini + Colymbetini is postulated based on (i) metafemoral seta FE5; (ii) metafemoral seta FE6; (iii) seta TI6 on tibia, all elongate and hair-like; (iv) one-segmented urogomphus; (v) presence of an occipital suture in first instar; (vi) galea elongate; (vii) presence of natatory setae on legs; and (viii) presence of secondary setae on the urogomphus.

PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF NEARCTIC COLYMBETINAE (COLEOPTERA: ADEPHAGA: DYTISCIDAE) BASED ON CHAETOTAXIC AND POROTAXIC ANALYSIS OF HEAD CAPSULE AND APPENDAGES OF LARVAE

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Alarie
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Campaniform Sensilla ◽  
Ground Plan

AbstractAn analysis of the primary setae and pores (campaniform sensilla) of first instars of 32 species of Colymbetinae, 61 species belonging to other dytiscid subfamilies, and seven species belonging to other families of Hydradephaga was performed to deduce the ancestral system of primary setae and pores of the head capsule and head appendages of Colymbetinae. Sixty-one setae and 46 pores have been assigned to the ground-plan pattern of the colymbetine larva, 27 setae and 20 pores on the head capsule and 34 setae and 26 pores on the cephalic appendages. The pattern proposed for the Colymbetinae is remarkably consistent and similar to the condition observed within the Carabidae. However, members of the Colymbetinae differ strongly from those of Hydroporinae which are characterized by several secondary losses. A preliminary phylogenetic reconstruction of the relationships of colymbetine genera studied based on 41 larval features suggests that the Nearctic fauna includes two monophyletic lineages: (1) (Agabus Leach + Ilybius Erichson) + Agabinus Crotch, and (2) {[Colymbetes Clairville + (Rhantus Dejean + Neoscutopterus Balfour-Browne)] + Matus Aubé}.

Re-descriptions of larvae of Hoperius and Meladema and phylogenetic implications for the tribe Colymbetini (Coleoptera Dytiscidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Alarie ◽  
Samantha Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Maxillary Palpus ◽  
Dorsal Margin ◽  
Ventral Margin ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Segment Viii

New descriptions of the larvae of <em>Meladema lanio</em> (Fabricius), <em>M</em>. <em>coriacea</em> Laporte and <em>Hoperius planatus </em>Fall are provided. Characters from larval morphology are analyzed to infer the phylogenetic relationships of the genera <em>Meladema</em> Laporte and <em>Hoperius</em> Fall with other genera of the tribe Colymbetini (Colymbetinae). Larvae of <em>Meladema</em> are unique among other Colymbetini being characterized by the presence of a variable number of additional setae along the dorsal margin of both femora and tibiae. Larvae of <em>Hoperius</em> reveal to be remarkably modified and autapomorphic being characterized by a short antennomere II, the presence of a variable number of secondary setae on antennomeres I - II and maxillary palpomere, an elongate maxillary palpus, and a narrow and elongate mandible. A parsimony analysis based on 30 informative larval characters is carried out. Whereas the 12 most parsimonious trees support the placement of <em>Meladema</em> as sister to <em>Neoscutopterus</em> J. Balfour-Browne, the relative position of Hoperius remains unresolved within the Colymbetini. Larvae of <em>Meladema</em> share with those of <em>Neoscutopterus</em>: (i) the presence of additional setae both on the frontoclypeus and parietale, (ii) the presence of a large number of secondary setae on trochantera, (iii) the absence of spinulae along ventral margin of mesotibia and mesotarsus and (iv) the presence of additional setae both on abdominal segment VIII.

The first-instar larva of the genus Arthropterus (Coleoptera : Carabidae : Paussinae): implications for evolution of myrmecophily and phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Di Giulio ◽  
Wendy Moore
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Paraphyletic Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework

The first-instar larva of the genus Arthropterus W.S. MacLeay, 1838 is described and illustrated. This is the first description of a newly hatched (first-instar) larva in the myrmecophilous tribe Paussini and the first known larva from a basal paussine lineage. A phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily based on larval characters confirms the placement of the genus Arthropterus as a sister-group of the remaining Paussini and supports the hypothesis that Metriini is the sister-group of Ozaenini+Paussini, with 'Ozaenini' as a paraphyletic group. Within this phylogenetic framework, we reassess which larval characters are diagnostic of the tribes Paussini and Ozaenini. Several larval features of Arthropterus, such as the riddled sensilla S-VIII and the fused terminal disk, are interpreted as adaptations to myrmecophily. This interpretation supports the hypothesis that larvae have played an important role in the evolution of myrmecophily within the subfamily Paussinae.

Larval morphology of the Palaearctic genera Deronectes Sharp and Scarodytes Gozis (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae), with implications for the phylogeny of the Deronectes-group of genera

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Hendrich ◽  
Yves Alarie ◽  
Anders N. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Monophyletic Origin ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Statistical Support

AbstractDescription of larval instars of Deronectes depressicollis Rosenhauer 1856, D. lareynii (Fair-maire 1858), D. latus (Stephens 1829), D. aubei (Mulsant 1843), and Scarodytes halensis (Fabricius 1787) is presented including a detailed chaetotaxic and porotaxic analysis of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal scgment and urogomphi. A phylogenetic analysis of 14 genera of the tribe Hydroporini, based on 22 larval characteristics was conducted with Hennig86. Three of the branches of the strict consensus tree have a statistical support greater than 60% according to the Parsimony Jackknifer. One of the supported clades is Antiporus Sharp + Nebrioporus Régimbart + Neonectes J. Balfour-Browne + Oreodytes Seidlitz + Stictotarsus Zimmermann + Scarodytes Gozis, of which the sister-group is the genus Deronectes Sharp. Consequently larval characters, in contrast to adult characters support the inclusion of Antiporus, Neonectes and Oreodytes in the Deronectes-group of genera. All members of this clade are characterized by: (i) presence of an occipital suture in first instar, (ii) presence of a constriction at level of occipital suture, (iii) absence of maxillary cardo, and (iv) insertion of the primary seta MX I on the maxillary stipes. Scarodytes is postulated to share a monophyletic origin with Nebrioporus, Stictotarsus, and Antiporus based on (i) the presence of natatory setae on femora, tibiae, and tarsi and (ii) the shape of the urogomphomere I which is more than 3.10 times longer than urogomphomere 2.

Phylogenetic relationships and comparative larval morphology of epigean and stygobitic species of Limbodessus Guignot, 1939 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Bidessini), with a key of identification

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3584 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANO C. MICHAT ◽  
YVES ALARIE ◽  
CHRIS H. S. WATTS
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
First Time ◽  
Diving Beetle ◽  
Occipital Foramen

The larvae of five epigean and 25 stygobitic species of the diving beetle genus Limbodessus Guignot, 1939 are describedand illustrated for the first time, with special emphasis on morphometry and chaetotaxy of the cephalic capsule, headappendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. Those of the following five epigean species are described: L.amabilis (Clark, 1862), L. compactus (Clark, 1862), L. inornatus (Sharp, 1882), L. praelargus (Lea, 1899), L. shuckardii(Clark, 1862). The 25 stygobitic larvae described are: L. barwidgeeensis Watts & Humphreys, 2006, L. bigbellensis(Watts & Humphreys, 2000), L. challaensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2001), L. cooperi Watts & Humphreys, 2006, L.eberhardi (Watts & Humphreys, 1999), L. exilis Watts & Humphreys, 2006, L. fridaywellensis (Watts & Humphreys,2001), L. hillviewensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2004), L. hinkleri (Watts & Humphreys, 2000), L. leysi Watts & Humphreys,2006, L. macrohinkleri Watts & Humphreys, 2006, L. masonensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2001), L. millbilliensis Watts &Humphreys, 2006, L. mirandaae Watts & Humphreys, 2006, L. morgani (Watts & Humphreys, 2000), L. nambiensisWatts & Humphreys, 2006, L. ordinarius Watts & Humphreys, 2009, L. palmulaoides Watts & Humphreys, 2006, L.pulpa (Watts & Humphreys, 1999), L. raeae Watts & Humphreys, 2006, L. raesideensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2001), L.windarraensis (Watts & Humphreys, 1999), L. yandalensis Watts & Humphreys, 2006, L. yarrabubbaensis Watts & Humphreys, 2009, L. yuinmeryensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2003). The morphology and chaetotaxy of epigean vs.stygobitic species are compared, and a key for the identification of the species is presented. Contrary to their epigeancounterparts, larvae of stygobitic Limbodessus have turned out to be very divergent morphologically. In addition to thecommon characteristics associated with an underground living (i.e., absence of stemmata, reduced pigmentation, and thinor soft exoskeleton), larvae of these species have undergone a variable modification of the frontoclypeus and have evolvedrelatively shorter tarsal claws. Two morphological groups of stygobitic species are evident, one including species lessdeviated from the ancestral (epigean) condition and another group comprising more modified species that typically havea larger size, a more or less pyriform head with a digitiform nasale, and a strongly reduced occipital foramen. Primarychaetotaxy of the species has remained a very conservative expression of the phenotype. Secondary chaetotaxy showsvariation among the species, the most obvious being the variable number of lamellae clypeales and the presence or absenceof secondary setae on the urogomphus. The phylogenetic relationships of Limbodessus are analyzed cladistically. Larvaeof this genus lack the primary pore ABc, which is a synapomorphy of the tribe Bidessini. As presently defined, Limbodessus is probably paraphyletic with respect to Allodessus Guignot, 1953.

Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2274 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVES ALARIE ◽  
MARIANO C. MICHAT ◽  
CHRIS H. S. WATTS
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Relative Elongation ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Labial Palpus ◽  
Monophyletic Origin ◽  
Large Head ◽  
The Common

The larvae of 13 species (six epigaeic and seven hypogaeic) of the Australian endemic genus Paroster Sharp, 1882 are described with an emphasis on chaetotaxy of the head capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. A cladistic analysis of 41 Hydroporinae species and 63 informative characters supports a monophyletic origin of members of Paroster, which share a labial palpus comprised of three palpomeres and the absence of the primary seta FE7. Contrary to their epigaeic counterparts, larvae of hypogaeic Paroster species have turned out to be very divergent morphologically. In addition to the common characteristics associated with hypogaeic living (i.e., absence of eye, reduced pigmentation, and thin or soft exoskeleton), larvae of these species have undergone a relative elongation/ enlargement of the head capsule and a more elongate and narrower mandible and have developed a variable number of secondary temporal spines. Compared to the other stygobitic species studied, larvae of Paroster hinzeae (Watts & Humphreys, 2001), P. macrosturtensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2006), P. stegastos (Watts & Humphreys, 2003) and P. darlotensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2003) evolved a disproportionately large head capsule relative to body size. Larvae of P. wedgeensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2003) and P. mesosturtensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2006) are deemed to have deviated the least from the hypothetical epigaeic Paroster groundplan.

Larval morphology of four genera of Laccophilinae (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscidae) with an analysis of their phylogenetic relationships

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris H.S. Watts ◽  
Anders N. Nilsson ◽  
Michael Balke ◽  
Lars Hendrich ◽  
Yves Alarie
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Larval Instars

AbstractDescriptions of the larval instars of four genera (12 species) of the dytiscid subfamily Laccophilinae, Laccophilus Leach, Neptosternus Sharp, Australphilus Watts and Africophilus Guignot, are presented including a detailed chaetotaxic and porotaxic analysis of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. A parsimony analysis, based on the 13 informative larval characteristics was conducted with Hennig86. The genus Africophilus is postulated to represent the sister-group of a clade comprised of Laccophilus + (Neptosternus + Australphilus) which is supported by, (i) primary seta CO7 articulated proximally on all legs, (ii) presence of natatory setae, (iii) metatibia + metatarsus very elongated, and (iv) elongated urogomphi.

Description of the larvae of three species of Laccophilus Leach and comments on the phylogenetic relationships of the Laccophilinae (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1922 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANO C. MICHAT
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Dense Group ◽  
First Time ◽  
Diving Beetle

The larvae of three Neotropical species of the diving beetle genus Laccophilus Leach (Laccophilus obliquatus Régimbart, L. paraguensis Régimbart and L. testudo Régimbart) are described and illustrated for the first time, with an emphasis on morphometry and chaetotaxy of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. Larvae of these species lack the primary setae LA10 and LA12, and have the primary seta CO7 articulated proximally on all coxae, two apomorphies that define the subfamily Laccophilinae. They are also characterized by a frontoclypeus truncate proximally in the first instar, the presence of pectens on legs, and the presence of secondary setae on first urogomphomere. These character states are apomorphies that define the genus Laccophilus Leach. The absence of pore PAc and the presence of a dense group of secondary spiniform setae dorsally at the base of the siphon in instar III may also characterize this genus, as similar states are not found in other dytiscids. On the other hand, L. obliquatus, L. paraguensis and L. testudo differ from the other species of Laccophilus known in detail in the presence of an additional seta on the stipes and in the absence of pore ABc. Brief comments on the putative phylogenetic relationships of Laccophilinae and Laccophilus inferred from larval morphology, as well as on the characters potentially useful in studying relationships within the group are presented.

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