DIAPAUSE TERMINATION AND THE THERMAL REQUIREMENTS FOR POSTDIAPAUSE DEVELOPMENT IN SIX ONTARIO POPULATIONS OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Diapause Termination ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Phyllonorycter Blancardella ◽  
Temperature Records

AbstractThe timing of diapause termination and the thermal characteristics of postdiapause development were compared in six Ontario populations of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.). The populations studied were from the major apple growing areas which are located in four climatically different zones. Pupae of all populations collected in the fall and stored under simulated overwintering conditions had terminated diapause by the end of January. Pupae overwintering under natural conditions had also terminated diapause by this time. Significant population differences occurred in the postdiapause developmental threshold (t0) and thermal constant (K). Simulating postdiapause development and emergence of the six populations using the 1981 temperature records from one location resulted in a 9-day difference between the earliest and latest mean emergence times. The implications of these results for pest management are discussed.

INTRA- AND INTERPOPULATION VARIATION IN THE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PREADULT DEVELOPMENT OF TWO LATITUDINALLY DIVERSE POPULATIONS OF TOXORHYNCHITES RUTILUS SEPTENTRIONALIS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Trimble ◽  
C. T. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Laboratory Colonies ◽  
Interpopulation Variation ◽  
Toxorhynchites Rutilus

AbstractLinear regression analysis was used to estimate the developmental threshold, t0, and thermal constant, K, for all preadult stages of two laboratory colonies of the mosquito Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis (Dyar and Knab). The colonies originated from Newark, Delaware and Lake Charles, Louisiana. The physiological and ecological significance of the within- and the between-population differences in the slopes of the regressions,t0's and K's, are discussed.

scholarly journals Thermal requirements and estimated number of generations of Neopamera bilobata (Say) in strawberry-producing regions of Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taciana Melissa de Azevedo Kuhn ◽  
Alci Enimar Loeck ◽  
Marcos Botton
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Thermal Threshold ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Developmental Thresholds ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT: The thermal threshold and thermal requirements of Neopamera bilobata were determined, and the number of generations that this species may produce in the main strawberry-producing regions of Brazil was estimated. In a climate chamber (70±10% RH and 12h photophase) at 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, or 30±1°C, the development of 120 eggs was monitored until the adult stage, at each temperature. Nymphs were maintained in individual cages and fed on strawberry fruits of the cultivar Aromas. The mean duration and viability of the egg and nymph stages were calculated by estimating the lower and upper developmental thresholds and the thermal constant, and this information was used to estimate the number of generations per year in different strawberry-producing regions of Brazil. The egg-to-adult duration decreased as temperatures increased, up to 28°C (93.4, 83.2, 43.9, and 31.4 days at 19, 22, 25, and 28°C, respectively). Viability of nymphs was highest between 22 and 28°C. At 30°C, the egg-to-adult duration increased (36 days), while the viability decreased (11.11%). The lower egg-to-adult developmental threshold was 15.2°C and the thermal constant was 418.4 degree-days. Calculating the number of generations indicated that the largest number (5.1 generations yr-1) was obtained for the municipality of Jaboti, Paraná, and the smallest for Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul (1.9 generations yr-1). Our findings demonstrated that important strawberry-producing regions in Brazil are suitable for the development of N. bilobata.

Survival and development of different life stages of three Ceratitis spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared at five constant temperatures

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.F. Duyck ◽  
S. Quilici
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Lower Developmental Threshold ◽  
Computer Simulation Models

AbstractFruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are the most damaging pests on fruit crops on Réunion Island, near Madagascar. Survival and development of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitiscapitata (Wiedemann), the Natal fruit fly, C. rosa Karsch and the Mascarenes fruit fly, C. catoirii Guérin-Mèneville were compared at five constant temperatures spanning 15 to 35°C. Durations of the immature stages of C. capitata, C. rosa and C catoirii ranged from 14.5–63.8, 18.8–65.7 and 16.8–65.8 days, respectively, at 30–15°C. The lower developmental threshold and thermal constant were calculated using the temperature summation model. The thermal constant for total development of the immature stages of C. capitata, C. rosa and C. catoirii were 260, 405 and 356 DD, respectively. Species differed mainly during the larval stages and ovarian maturation period, with smaller differences in the egg stage. Ceratitis rosa appeared to be better adapted to low temperatures than the two other species as it showed a lower larval developmental threshold of 3.1°C compared to 10.2°C for C. capitata and 8.9°C for C. catoirii. Overall, C. catoirii had a low survival rate within the range of temperatures studied. The different responses of the three Ceratitis species to various temperatures explain to some extent their distribution on the island. The results obtained will be used for optimizing laboratory rearing procedures and for constructing computer simulation models to predict fruit fly population dynamics.

ABUNDANCE AND PHENOLOGY OF PARASITOIDS OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE), IN CONNECTICUT

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris T. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
New Records ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Native Parasitoids ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Phyllonorycter Blancardella ◽  
Pholetesor Ornigis

AbstractParasitoids of the trivoltine spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.), were studied in Connecticut apple orchards to determine their relative importance, emergence patterns, and seasonal abundance. Sixteen parasitoid species, including 12 eulophids, emerged from mines formed by 4th- and 5th-instar leafminer larvae. The species were primary, secondary, or facultative secondary parasitoids. Five were new records. The braconid Pholetesor ornigis (Weed) was the most abundant in the first and third leafminer generations, and the eulophid Sympiesis marylandensis Girault was the most abundant in the second generation. Ratios of parasitoids to Phyllonorycter spp. were generally higher in samples from unsprayed trees than in those from sprayed trees. Major parasitoids usually emerged 1 to 4 wk before their larval hosts became plentiful. Sweep samples indicated relatively high abundance of one or both major parasitoids during the first and second leafminer generations. Monitoring of parasitoids and the judicious use of insecticides may have a critical role in pest management programs utilizing native parasitoids of leafminers.

scholarly journals Thermal requirements of Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) (Acari: Dermanyssidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Edna Clara Tucci ◽  
Angelo P. do Prado ◽  
Raquel Pires de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Determination Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Requirements

The thermal requirements for development of Dermanyssus gallinae were studied under laboratory conditions at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C, a 12h photoperiod and 60-85% RH. The thermal requirements for D. gallinae were as follows. Preoviposition: base temperature 3.4ºC, thermal constant (k) 562.85 degree-hours, determination coefficient (R²) 0.59, regression equation: Y= -0.006035 + 0.001777 x. Egg: base temperature 10.60ºC, thermal constant (k) 689.65 degree-hours, determination coefficient (R²) 0.94, regression equation: Y= -0.015367 + 0.001450 x. Larva: base temperature 9.82ºC, thermal constant (k) 464.91 degree-hours, determination coefficient R² 0.87, regression equation: Y= -0.021123+0.002151 x. Protonymph: base temperature 10.17ºC, thermal constant (k) 504.49 degree-hours, determination coefficient (R²) 0.90, regression equation: Y= -0.020152 + 0.001982 x. Deutonymph: base temperature 11.80ºC, thermal constant (k) 501.11 degree-hours, determination coefficient (R²) 0.99, regression equation: Y= -0.023555 + 0.001996 x. The results obtained showed that 15 to 42 generations of Dermanyssus gallinae may occur during the year in the State of São Paulo, as estimated based on isotherm charts. Dermanyssus gallinae may develop continually in the State of São Paulo, with a population decrease in the winter. There were differences between the developmental stages of D. gallinae in relation to thermal requirements.

scholarly journals Determination of thermal constant and development threshold of Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua Walker

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 644-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Selvaraj ◽  
B. S. Gotyal ◽  
V. Ramesh Babu ◽  
S. Satpathy
Keyword(s):  
Development Rate ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Small Larva ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Large Larva ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Spilarctia Obliqua

Effect of six constant temperatures viz., 18±1, 21±1, 24±1, 27±1, 30±1 and 33±10C was studied on the egg hatchability, larval pupal development and adult survival of Spilarctia obliqua. Development rate of egg, larva and pupa gradually increased with increase in temperature, while total developmental period decreased. Mean developmental period of the pest decreased from 93.73 days at 18±10C to 31.20 at 33±10C. The lowest and the highest temperatures at which no development took place were found to be 12±10C and 39±10C, respectively. Regression equations between development rate and temperature were found to be Y= 0.0189 X -0.1998 (R2=0.88) for egg, Y=0.00122 X -0.0248 (R2=0.84) for small larva (1-3rd instar), Y=0.0058 X -0.0675 (R2=0.76) for large larva (4-6th instar), Y=0.0074 X-0.1075 (R2=0.94) for pupa and Y=0.0142 X-0.4363 (R2=0.79) for adults. Developmental threshold were determined to be 10.57, 11.27, 11.55, 15.28 and 10.92oC for egg, small larva, large larva, pupa, and adult respectively with corresponding thermal constant being 52.91, 344.82, 243.90, 142.85 and 70.42 degree days (DD). Thermal constant to complete a generation was found to be 854.90 DD. This was the first studies on this aspects, these estimated thermal thresholds and degree days could be used to predict the S. obliqua activity in the field for their effective management through pest forecasting.

scholarly journals Temperaturedependent development of parasitoids on two species of armoured scale insects

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Logan ◽  
C. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Development Rates ◽  
Aspidiotus Nerii ◽  
Armoured Scale Insects ◽  
Duration Of Development

The duration of development of the parasitoid Encarsia citrina (Craw) (Hymenoptera Aphelinidae) on its hosts greedy scale Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock) and oleander scale Aspidiotus nerii Bouché (Hemiptera Diaspididae) and of Signiphora merceti (Malenotti) (Hymenoptera Signiphoridae) on greedy scale was determined at five constant temperatures Weibull functions were fitted to the cumulative distribution of parasitoid emergence times and development rates for 5 50 and 95 emergence were calculated Development rates for each parasitoidscale combination were described by the same linear regression equations for 50 emergence and for 95 emergence Developmental threshold and thermal constant for 50 and 95 emergence of parasitoids was 103C and 3638 D and 103C and 4412 D The threshold and thermal constant for 5 emergence varied from 93C to 123C and 2254 D to 3282 D Duration of development in the field was simulated using 13 months of hourly temperatures recorded at Te Puke

scholarly journals Thermal requirements and estimates of the annual number of generations of Lobiopa insularis on strawberry crop

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Simone Andzeiewski ◽  
Sabrina Lerin ◽  
Ligia C. Bortoli ◽  
Aline Nondillo ◽  
Daniel Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Direct Damage

ABSTRACT Lobiopa insularis is one of the main pests of strawberry crop, causing direct damage to fruit, making them unfeasible for consumption and commercialization. This study aimed to estimate, under laboratory conditions, base temperature and thermal requirements of the eggs, larvae, pupae and the biological cycle (from egg to adult) of L. insularis. Insects were reared on artificial diet based on strawberry fruits, at temperatures of 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31°C, using air-conditioned chambers (70±10% R.H.; 12 h photophase). The number of annual generations of L. insularis was estimated for eight municipalities belonging to the main strawberry growing regions in Brazil, considering base temperature and thermal constant. Development time of L. insularis was proportional to the temperature increase. The best development rate was obtained when insects were reared at 22 and 25ºC. Based on thermal requirements of L. insularis, the number of annual generations was estimated between 5 and 7 per year, according to the studied region.

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