ABUNDANCE AND PHENOLOGY OF PARASITOIDS OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE), IN CONNECTICUT

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris T. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
New Records ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Native Parasitoids ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Phyllonorycter Blancardella ◽  
Pholetesor Ornigis

AbstractParasitoids of the trivoltine spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.), were studied in Connecticut apple orchards to determine their relative importance, emergence patterns, and seasonal abundance. Sixteen parasitoid species, including 12 eulophids, emerged from mines formed by 4th- and 5th-instar leafminer larvae. The species were primary, secondary, or facultative secondary parasitoids. Five were new records. The braconid Pholetesor ornigis (Weed) was the most abundant in the first and third leafminer generations, and the eulophid Sympiesis marylandensis Girault was the most abundant in the second generation. Ratios of parasitoids to Phyllonorycter spp. were generally higher in samples from unsprayed trees than in those from sprayed trees. Major parasitoids usually emerged 1 to 4 wk before their larval hosts became plentiful. Sweep samples indicated relatively high abundance of one or both major parasitoids during the first and second leafminer generations. Monitoring of parasitoids and the judicious use of insecticides may have a critical role in pest management programs utilizing native parasitoids of leafminers.

scholarly journals Hymenopterous parasites associated with Phyllonorycter blancardella [Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae] in Nova Scotia and Quebec

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Bishop ◽  
R.F. Smith ◽  
C. Vincent ◽  
H. Goulet ◽  
J. Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Phyllonorycter Blancardella ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Pholetesor Ornigis

Mined leaves were collected in commercial and unsprayed (no insecticides) apple orchards of Quebec and Nova Scotia to determine the relative abundance and diversity of parasites of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella [Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae]. In Quebec, 29 species of leafminer parasites were recovered, belonging to 7 families: Aphelinidae, Braconidae, Chalcidae, Eulophidae, Ichneumonidae, Pteromalidae and Scelionidae. The most prevalent species were Pholetesor ornigis (67%), Sympiesis marylandensis (11%), S. serviceicornis (7%), Pnigalio maculipes (1.5%), Tetrasticus spp. (1.2%), while all other species accounted for < 1.0%. Pholetesor pedias, a braconid released in 1983 at Frelighsburg, Quebec, was not found in the 1984 and 1985 surveys. In Nova Scotia, 19 parasite species were recovered, belonging to 5 families : Braconidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Ichneumonidae and Pteromalidae. The most prevalent species were: Pholetesor ornigis (52%), Pnigalio maculipes (14%), Sympiesis serviceicornis (12%), S. marylandensis (9.5%), Sympiesis spp. (5%), Horismenus fraternus (1.8%), Paraleurocerus sp. (1.3%), Stictopisthus flaviceps (1.1%), while all other species accounted for < 1%. Seven and five species of hyperparasites were recovered in Nova Scotia and Quebec, respectively. New records for North America for the spotted tentiform leafminer as a host are : Sticopisthus bilineatus, S. flaviceps, Euderis sp., Pnigalio epilobii, P. pallipes and Paraleurocerus bicoloripes.

scholarly journals Parasitoid diversity (Hymenoptera: Braconidae and Figitidae) on frugivorous larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) at Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Central Amazon Region, Manaus, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
SGM. Costa ◽  
RB. Querino ◽  
B. Ronchi-Teles ◽  
AMM. Penteado-Dias ◽  
RA. Zucchi
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Natural Reservoir ◽  
Wild Fruits ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Plastic Containers

This study aimed to identify parasitoid species of frugivorous larvae and to describe the tritrophic interactions involving wild fruits, frugivorous insects and their natural enemies at Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve (RFAD) (Manaus, AM, Brazil). Collections were performed in four 1 km² quadrants in the corners of the RFAD. The wild fruits were collected inside the forest in access trails leading to each collection area and in trails that surrounded the quadrants, up to five metres from the trail on each side. The fruits were placed in plastic containers covered with thin fabric, with a vermiculite layer on the base to allow the emergence of flies or parasitoids. Seven Braconidae species were collected, distributed among Opiinae: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911), Utetes anastrephae (Viereck, 1913), and Opius sp., and Alysiinae: Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck, 1958), Phaenocarpa pericarpa Wharton and Carrejo, 1999, Idiasta delicata Papp, 1969, and Asobara sp. Parasitism rates by braconids and figitids are presented. Doryctobracon areolatus was the most frequent, parasitizing the highest number of fly species, and showing the highest parasitism percentage in larvae feeding on Micropholis williamii fruits. The collected figitids belong to Aganaspis nordlanderi Wharton, 1998 and A. pelleranoi (Brethes, 1924). All 15 tritrophic associations are new records for the Brazilian Amazon region. The RFAD is an important natural reservoir of frugivorous larvae parasitoids.

scholarly journals Native parasitoids and their potential to control the invasive leafminer,Cameraria ohridellaDESCH. & DIM. (Lep.: Gracillariidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Klug ◽  
R. Meyhöfer ◽  
M. Kreye ◽  
M. Hommes
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Native Parasitoids ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Pnigalio Agraules ◽  
Potential Efficiency

AbstractIn spite of the fact that since the end of the eighties, the horse chestnut leafminer,Cameraria ohridella, has established itself throughout Europe, native predators such as ants and birds are not attuned to this neozoic species. In contrast, several parasitic wasp species already started to exploit the invasive horse chestnut leafminer, but until now parasitation rates are quite low, mainly because of asynchrony in the lifecycles of parasitoids and host. Only the removal of leaf litter, in which pupae hibernate, is at the moment a strategy to reduce the infestation level in the next year. Unfortunately, not only hibernating horse chestnut leafminers but also parasitoids are removed, and important resources for biocontrol are unused. In the current study, we investigated the potential efficiency of the horse chestnut leafminer parasitoid complex extracted from leaf litter in defined environments. Parasitoids were released at different densities to investigate density dependence in parasitation rates.Although seven different species were released in our experiments, onlyPnigalio agraulesturned out to be responsible for biocontrol ofC. ohridella. We recorded parasitation rates of up to 35%. Overall, parasitation rates were independent of the leafminer density but increased fourfold if ten times more parasitoid individuals were released. Unfortunately, none of the parasitoid species could be established in the experimental units in the long run. Results are compared to other parasitoid-leafminer systems, and promotion of horse chestnut leafminer parasitoids to support natural selection and biological control of the horse chestnut leafminer is discussed.

scholarly journals Outdoor trapping and genetical characterization of populations of the webbing clothes moth Tineola bisselliella (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) in the broader area of Berlin

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Krüger-Carstensen ◽  
Rudy Plarre
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Subspecies Level ◽  
Culture Heritage ◽  
The City ◽  
Species Mobility ◽  
Tineola Bisselliella

Adapted and effective pest management strategies for the protection of irreplaceable culture heritage as well as for the prevention of damages in households and warehouses are based on reliable information about the presence and distribution of the pest organisms. Monitoring the webbing clothes moth <em>Tineola bisselliella </em>at thirteen outdoor stations in the broader area of Berlin give a first idea of their occurrence in an urban area and the hinterlands. The results demonstrate a seasonal abundance in the city and a missing of this species in the countryside. Data suggest a synanthropic occurrence of the webbing clothes moth rather than an invasion from natural reservoires. Possible molecular examinations on the species and subspecies level are presented to analyze the gene flow between populations and give an impression of species mobility as well as pathways of infestation.

Susceptibility of different developmental stages of Trichogramma parasitoids to insecticides commonly used in the Mediterranean olive agroecosystem

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
P. G. Milonas ◽  
G. Partsinevelos ◽  
A. Kapranas
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Time Scheduling ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Abstract Insecticide application and augmentative parasitoid releases are often considered incompatible. However, pesticide applications and parasitoid releases can be integrated into a pest management scheme if there is careful time scheduling of these interventions. In this study, we assessed the influence of commonly used insecticides (chlorpyrifos-methyl, deltamethrin, pyriproxyfen, thiamethoxam) in olive agroecosystems to two currently present Trichogramma parasitoids in the Mediterranean basin. Exposure to insecticides in relation to parasitoid's development was also tested. Both, insecticide type and application time influenced parasitism and the emergence rates of the two parasitoid species. Chlorpyrifos-methyl had the strongest impact on parasitoids resulting in low numbers of emerged adults followed by deltamethrin. The two parasitoids also exhibited different levels of susceptibility to the insecticides used. Potential integration of insecticides to integrated pest management using Trichogramma parasitoids is discussed.

Seasonal Abundance, Arrival and Emergence Patterns of Predaceous Hister Beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) Associated with Ips Engraver Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Louisiana

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Shepherd ◽  
Richard A. Goyer
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees

The most common predaceous hister beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) found associated with Ips engraver beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in southern Louisiana were Platysoma attenuata LeConte, P. cylindrica (Paykull), P. parallelum (Say), and Plegaderus transversus (Say). The seasonal abundance of histerids caught in flight traps coincided with Ips spp. activity in the area. Histerid adults were initially caught in sticky traps on Ips-infested loblolly pine logs 1 wk after Ips spp. attacks had begun. As a group, histerids emerged from logs in a bimodal pattern with the first peak occurring during Ips spp. emergence and a second 4 wks later. The abundance of P. parallelum and P. transversus indicates that they likely fed on bark beetles and organisms arriving later in the colonization sequence. Visual orientation appeared to play a role in attraction of histerids to logs colonized by bark beetles. Platysoma attenuata preferred vertically-positioned logs to horizontal logs, while P. parallelum was the opposite. These results suggest that some histerids may be visually attracted to horizontal silhouettes, such as pine trees that have been blown down or felled and often are infested by Ips spp. Other hister beetles may prefer vertical silhouettes, such as standing pines, which tend to be colonized by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann.

Influence of frugivore activity on the species abundance of seedlings and saplings in a lowland tropical forest in Colombia

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Norden ◽  
Pablo R. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Recruitment Success

Abstract:Although seed dispersal plays a critical role for plant regeneration, the long-term benefits of frugivores for recruitment success have been poorly explored. We evaluated the relative importance of tree species abundance and of frugivore-related factors for successful plant recruitment on 18 tree species in a lowland Colombian rain forest. We combined census data from four 1-ha plots of trees (>10 cm dbh), saplings (1–5 cm dbh) and seedlings (<1.7 m) with a dataset describing tree–frugivore interactions. Seedling abundance was higher for large-seeded species dispersed by the spider monkey, while sapling abundance was higher for large-seeded species dispersed by birds. The identity of the dispersal agent and its interaction with seed size explained 20–30% of the total variance in seedling and sapling abundance across scales. Seed size consistently influenced the species abundance of seedlings and saplings across scales, but in opposite ways. These developmental changes suggest that what is beneficial to seedlings is not necessarily beneficial to saplings. Species identity explained 10–50% of the total variance in seedling and sapling abundance among and within 1-ha plots. Overall, our findings suggest that recruitment success is context-dependent as the relative importance of the different variables addressed may shift along spatial and temporal scales.

scholarly journals NEW RECORDS OF NATURAL ENEMIES OF THE PEPPER WEEVIL, ANTHONOMUS EUGENII CANO (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), IN PUERTO RICO

1969 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Correa-Galíndez ◽  
Arístides Armstrong ◽  
Carlos Cruz ◽  
Edwin Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
New Records ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Anthonomus Eugenii ◽  
Pepper Weevil

Two parasitoid species (Catolaccus hunteri and Urosigalphus mexicanus) were recovered from the larvae of A. eugenii from samples collected at Lajas, Puerto Rico.

RELATIVE TOXICITY OF SIX INSECTICIDES TO MALE AND FEMALE PHOLETESOR ORNIGIS (WEED) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (FABR.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Trimble ◽  
D.J. Pree
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Control Potential ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Biological Control Potential ◽  
Phyllonorycter Blancardella ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Pholetesor Ornigis

AbstractThe susceptibility of male and female Pholetesor ornigis (Weed) to the pyrethroid insecticides permethrin, fenvalerate, and deltamethrin, the organophosphorous insecticides azinphosmethyl and phosmet, and the carbamate insecticide methomyl, was compared in the laboratory using two populations from Norfolk County, Ontario. Female P. ornigis were more susceptible than males to permethrin. There was no sexual difference in the susceptibility of P. ornigis to the other five insecticides tested. The implications of these results for the biological control potential of P. ornigis in commercial apple orchards are discussed. The results obtained for permethrin, fenvalerate, azinphosmethyl, and methomyl were compared with those obtained in a study completed 6 years earlier using P. ornigis from another location in Ontario; the results suggest that P. ornigis from Norfolk County have low levels of resistance to permethrin (3.3-fold), fenvalerate (2.2-fold), and methomyl (4.1-fold).

scholarly journals Relative Importance of the Arcuate and Anteroventral Periventricular Kisspeptin Neurons in Control of Puberty and Reproductive Function in Female Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (7) ◽  
pp. 2619-2631 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Hu ◽  
X. F. Li ◽  
B. McCausland ◽  
S. Y. Li ◽  
R. Gresham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Pulse Generation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Estrous Cyclicity

Kisspeptin plays a critical role in pubertal timing and reproductive function. In rodents, kisspeptin perikarya within the hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) and anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nuclei are thought to be involved in LH pulse and surge generation, respectively. Using bilateral microinjections of recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding kisspeptin antisense into the ARC or AVPV of female rats at postnatal day 10, we investigated the relative importance of these two kisspeptin populations in the control of pubertal timing, estrous cyclicity, and LH surge and pulse generation. A 37% knockdown of kisspeptin in the AVPV resulted in a significant delay in vaginal opening and first vaginal estrous, abnormal estrous cyclicity, and reduction in the occurrence of spontaneous LH surges, although these retained normal amplitude. This AVPV knockdown had no effect on LH pulse frequency, measured after ovariectomy. A 32% reduction of kisspeptin in the ARC had no effect on the onset of puberty but resulted in abnormal estrous cyclicity and decreased LH pulse frequency. Additionally, the knockdown of kisspeptin in the ARC decreased the amplitude but not the incidence of LH surges. These results might suggest that the role of AVPV kisspeptin in the control of pubertal timing is particularly sensitive to perturbation. In accordance with our previous studies, ARC kisspeptin signaling was critical for normal pulsatile LH secretion in female rats. Despite the widely reported role of AVPV kisspeptin neurons in LH surge generation, this study suggests that both AVPV and ARC populations are essential for normal LH surges and estrous cyclicity.

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