INTRA- AND INTERPOPULATION VARIATION IN THE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PREADULT DEVELOPMENT OF TWO LATITUDINALLY DIVERSE POPULATIONS OF TOXORHYNCHITES RUTILUS SEPTENTRIONALIS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Trimble ◽  
C. T. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Laboratory Colonies ◽  
Interpopulation Variation ◽  
Toxorhynchites Rutilus

AbstractLinear regression analysis was used to estimate the developmental threshold, t0, and thermal constant, K, for all preadult stages of two laboratory colonies of the mosquito Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis (Dyar and Knab). The colonies originated from Newark, Delaware and Lake Charles, Louisiana. The physiological and ecological significance of the within- and the between-population differences in the slopes of the regressions,t0's and K's, are discussed.

DIAPAUSE TERMINATION AND THE THERMAL REQUIREMENTS FOR POSTDIAPAUSE DEVELOPMENT IN SIX ONTARIO POPULATIONS OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Diapause Termination ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Phyllonorycter Blancardella ◽  
Temperature Records

AbstractThe timing of diapause termination and the thermal characteristics of postdiapause development were compared in six Ontario populations of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.). The populations studied were from the major apple growing areas which are located in four climatically different zones. Pupae of all populations collected in the fall and stored under simulated overwintering conditions had terminated diapause by the end of January. Pupae overwintering under natural conditions had also terminated diapause by this time. Significant population differences occurred in the postdiapause developmental threshold (t0) and thermal constant (K). Simulating postdiapause development and emergence of the six populations using the 1981 temperature records from one location resulted in a 9-day difference between the earliest and latest mean emergence times. The implications of these results for pest management are discussed.

scholarly journals Thermal requirements and estimated number of generations of Neopamera bilobata (Say) in strawberry-producing regions of Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taciana Melissa de Azevedo Kuhn ◽  
Alci Enimar Loeck ◽  
Marcos Botton
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Thermal Threshold ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Developmental Thresholds ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT: The thermal threshold and thermal requirements of Neopamera bilobata were determined, and the number of generations that this species may produce in the main strawberry-producing regions of Brazil was estimated. In a climate chamber (70±10% RH and 12h photophase) at 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, or 30±1°C, the development of 120 eggs was monitored until the adult stage, at each temperature. Nymphs were maintained in individual cages and fed on strawberry fruits of the cultivar Aromas. The mean duration and viability of the egg and nymph stages were calculated by estimating the lower and upper developmental thresholds and the thermal constant, and this information was used to estimate the number of generations per year in different strawberry-producing regions of Brazil. The egg-to-adult duration decreased as temperatures increased, up to 28°C (93.4, 83.2, 43.9, and 31.4 days at 19, 22, 25, and 28°C, respectively). Viability of nymphs was highest between 22 and 28°C. At 30°C, the egg-to-adult duration increased (36 days), while the viability decreased (11.11%). The lower egg-to-adult developmental threshold was 15.2°C and the thermal constant was 418.4 degree-days. Calculating the number of generations indicated that the largest number (5.1 generations yr-1) was obtained for the municipality of Jaboti, Paraná, and the smallest for Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul (1.9 generations yr-1). Our findings demonstrated that important strawberry-producing regions in Brazil are suitable for the development of N. bilobata.

From branch to bench: establishing wild spruce budworm populations into laboratory colonies for the exploration of local adaptation and plasticity

2021 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Perrault ◽  
A.A. Wardlaw ◽  
J.N. Candau ◽  
C.L. Irwin ◽  
M. Demidovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Variation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Laboratory Colonies ◽  
Common Garden Experiments ◽  
Disease Free

AbstractSpruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a destructive defoliator found throughout the Nearctic boreal forest. This pest has a broad geographic range and shows regional variation in key life history traits. These population differences may represent important adaptations to local environmental conditions and reflect underlying genetic diversity. Existing laboratory colonies of spruce budworm do not capture this regional variation, so we established five new spruce budworm colonies from across its range to explore regional adaptations among spruce budworm populations within common garden experiments. We present methods for establishing new spruce budworm laboratory colonies from wild populations. We describe the process of flushing, rearing, and disease screening used on these new populations to produce healthy disease-free laboratory stocks.

Survival and development of different life stages of three Ceratitis spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared at five constant temperatures

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.F. Duyck ◽  
S. Quilici
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Lower Developmental Threshold ◽  
Computer Simulation Models

AbstractFruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are the most damaging pests on fruit crops on Réunion Island, near Madagascar. Survival and development of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitiscapitata (Wiedemann), the Natal fruit fly, C. rosa Karsch and the Mascarenes fruit fly, C. catoirii Guérin-Mèneville were compared at five constant temperatures spanning 15 to 35°C. Durations of the immature stages of C. capitata, C. rosa and C catoirii ranged from 14.5–63.8, 18.8–65.7 and 16.8–65.8 days, respectively, at 30–15°C. The lower developmental threshold and thermal constant were calculated using the temperature summation model. The thermal constant for total development of the immature stages of C. capitata, C. rosa and C. catoirii were 260, 405 and 356 DD, respectively. Species differed mainly during the larval stages and ovarian maturation period, with smaller differences in the egg stage. Ceratitis rosa appeared to be better adapted to low temperatures than the two other species as it showed a lower larval developmental threshold of 3.1°C compared to 10.2°C for C. capitata and 8.9°C for C. catoirii. Overall, C. catoirii had a low survival rate within the range of temperatures studied. The different responses of the three Ceratitis species to various temperatures explain to some extent their distribution on the island. The results obtained will be used for optimizing laboratory rearing procedures and for constructing computer simulation models to predict fruit fly population dynamics.

scholarly journals Determination of thermal constant and development threshold of Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua Walker

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 644-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Selvaraj ◽  
B. S. Gotyal ◽  
V. Ramesh Babu ◽  
S. Satpathy
Keyword(s):  
Development Rate ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Small Larva ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Large Larva ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Spilarctia Obliqua

Effect of six constant temperatures viz., 18±1, 21±1, 24±1, 27±1, 30±1 and 33±10C was studied on the egg hatchability, larval pupal development and adult survival of Spilarctia obliqua. Development rate of egg, larva and pupa gradually increased with increase in temperature, while total developmental period decreased. Mean developmental period of the pest decreased from 93.73 days at 18±10C to 31.20 at 33±10C. The lowest and the highest temperatures at which no development took place were found to be 12±10C and 39±10C, respectively. Regression equations between development rate and temperature were found to be Y= 0.0189 X -0.1998 (R2=0.88) for egg, Y=0.00122 X -0.0248 (R2=0.84) for small larva (1-3rd instar), Y=0.0058 X -0.0675 (R2=0.76) for large larva (4-6th instar), Y=0.0074 X-0.1075 (R2=0.94) for pupa and Y=0.0142 X-0.4363 (R2=0.79) for adults. Developmental threshold were determined to be 10.57, 11.27, 11.55, 15.28 and 10.92oC for egg, small larva, large larva, pupa, and adult respectively with corresponding thermal constant being 52.91, 344.82, 243.90, 142.85 and 70.42 degree days (DD). Thermal constant to complete a generation was found to be 854.90 DD. This was the first studies on this aspects, these estimated thermal thresholds and degree days could be used to predict the S. obliqua activity in the field for their effective management through pest forecasting.

scholarly journals Temperaturedependent development of parasitoids on two species of armoured scale insects

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Logan ◽  
C. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Development Rates ◽  
Aspidiotus Nerii ◽  
Armoured Scale Insects ◽  
Duration Of Development

The duration of development of the parasitoid Encarsia citrina (Craw) (Hymenoptera Aphelinidae) on its hosts greedy scale Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock) and oleander scale Aspidiotus nerii Bouché (Hemiptera Diaspididae) and of Signiphora merceti (Malenotti) (Hymenoptera Signiphoridae) on greedy scale was determined at five constant temperatures Weibull functions were fitted to the cumulative distribution of parasitoid emergence times and development rates for 5 50 and 95 emergence were calculated Development rates for each parasitoidscale combination were described by the same linear regression equations for 50 emergence and for 95 emergence Developmental threshold and thermal constant for 50 and 95 emergence of parasitoids was 103C and 3638 D and 103C and 4412 D The threshold and thermal constant for 5 emergence varied from 93C to 123C and 2254 D to 3282 D Duration of development in the field was simulated using 13 months of hourly temperatures recorded at Te Puke

scholarly journals Temperature-dependent life history of Sipha maydis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Tazerouni ◽  
Ali Asghar Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Index ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Sipha maydis (Passerini) is a pest of Poaceae in many cereal-growing area of the world and Iran. The effects of temperature on biology and life table were investigated at five constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 32.5±1°C), 60±5% relative humidity (RH) and a photoperiod of 16L : 8D h. The results indicated that aphids failed to complete development at 32.5°C. Developmental time was ranged between 17.28 to 9.55 days at 15 and 30°C, respectively. The lower developmental threshold (T0) and thermal constant of S. maydis were estimated to be –5.52°C and 332.22 degree-days, respectively. The Analytis-3/Briere-1 model (as non linear model) is highly recommended for the description of temperature dependent development of S. maydis. The highest life expectancy of adults at emergence was 33.35 days at 20°C. The mean adult longevity of females and nymphipositional period were the highest at 20°C. The mean lifetime fecundity at 15, 20, 25 and 30°C were 21.24±1.97, 44.82±3.18, 22.25±2.33 and 16.39±1.15 nymphs/female, respectively. The survivorship curves of S. maydis were type I at 20 and 25°C (H < 0.5) and type III at 15 and 30°C (H > 0.5). The highest and lowest values of intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were observed at 20 (0.173±0.012 females/female/day) and 15°C (0.109±0.003 females/female/ /day), respectively. The growth index (GI) at 15, 20, 25 and 30°C were 0.033, 0.069, 0.062 and 0.038, respectively. According to this research the optimum temperature for population growth of S. maydis was 20°C. Our findings provide fundamental information and when this information is used in association with other ecological data, it may be valuable in development and implementation of management programs of S. maydis.

scholarly journals Temperature dependent development of Phenacoccus solenopsis under laboratory conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Ch. Kontodimas
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Cotton Mealybug ◽  
Lower Temperature Threshold ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

Cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an important cotton pest in Punjab, India. Development of the immature stages (four instars in female and five in male) of P. solenopsis was observed at nine constant temperatures (15, 18, 20, 25, 30, 34, 35, 38, 40°C). Using the linear model, the lower temperature threshold (tmin) for development was estimated to be 4.93 and 2.95°C and the thermal constant (K) was 333.33 and 454.54 degree days for female and male, respectively. In addition, three nonlinear models (Lactin, Bieri-1 and 3rd order polynomial) were tested to describe the relationship between temperature and development rate and to estimate the upper developmental threshold (tmax) and the optimum temperature for development (topt). Our results proved that the Bieri-1 and Lactin models and provided the best fit (r2 = 93,4 – 99,9%) and estimated accurately all the three critical temperatures, ranged tmin = 5.06 – 5.25°C, topt = 33.55 – 33.60°C, tmax = 39.99 – 40.00°C, for the total development of females and tmin = 2.82 – 3.16°C, topt = 34.01 – 34.04°C, tmax =40.00 – 40.10°C, for the total development of males.

Geographic variation in the effects of temperature and photoperiod on dormancy induction, development time, and predation in the tree-hole mosquito, Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis (Diptera: Culicidae)

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1612-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Trimble ◽  
Stephen M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Prey Consumption ◽  
Northern Population ◽  
Tree Hole ◽  
Critical Daylength ◽  
Laboratory Colonies ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Toxorhynchites Rutilus ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Dormancy Induction

Critical daylength for dormancy induction was similar for laboratory colonies of a northern (Delaware) and a southern (Louisiana) population of Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis. The threshold daylength for dormancy induction was greater in the northern population and the photoperiodic response of the northern population was less affected by high temperature.Although photoperiod did not affect the duration of preadult development in the southern population, the duration of preadult development of the northern population varied in a nonlinear fashion with photoperiod at 27 °C and increased with decreasing daylength at 19 °C.The duration of the third instar was consistently longer in dormant than in active larvae of both populations.The pattern of prey consumption during larval development was similar in dormant and active larvae. Prey consumption terminated 24 h prior to pupation in active larvae; dormant larvae continued to feed at a low rate. Similar numbers of prey were consumed during development by active and dormant larvae.The differences in the biologies of the two populations are discussed in relation to climatological differences in the environments from which each population was derived.

scholarly journals Development, Reproduction, and Life Table Parameters of the Foxglove Aphid, Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach (Hemiptera: Aphididae), on Soybean at Constant Temperatures

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Bo Yoon Seo ◽  
Eun Young Kim ◽  
Jeong Joon Ahn ◽  
Yonggyun Kim ◽  
Sungtaeg Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Aulacorthum Solani ◽  
Temperature Dependent Model ◽  
Foxglove Aphid

We investigated several characteristics of the development and reproduction of the aphid Aulacorthum solani raised on soybean (Glycine max) at 10 constant temperatures between 2.5 and 30 °C, and described the relationship between temperature and several critical biological characteristics using mathematical models. We found that A. solani could survive and reproduce on soybean at temperatures ranging from 5 to 27.5 °C. High fecundity was observed at temperatures from 12.5 to 20 °C. The lower developmental threshold and thermal constant for this species’ nymphal stages were estimated to be 5.02 °C and 131.2 degree-days, respectively, using a linear model. The upper developmental threshold was estimated to be 33.9 °C using the Lactin-2 model. The optimum temperature for nymphal development was estimated to be 26.9 °C. The maximum total fecundity was estimated as ca. 76.9 nymphs per adult at 18.1 °C. The daily fecundity sharply increased at earlier adult ages, and slowly decreased thereafter until final parthenogenesis occurred, over a range of temperatures from 12.5 to 25 °C. The maximum daily fecundity was estimated to be ca. 6.1 nymphs per adult per day for a 5.2 day old of adult at 21.3 °C using an age- and temperature-dependent model of adult fecundity. In terms of life table statistics, the intrinsic rates of increase and the finite rate of increase were both highest at 25 °C, while the net reproductive rate was highest at 20 °C.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document