THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE). EFFECTS OF DIETARY LINOLENIC ACID ON PUPAL SYNDROME, WING SYNDROME, SURVIVAL, AND PUPAL FAT COMPOSITION

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Bracken
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Abdominal Sternite ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
Dietary Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Soluble Components

AbstractLinolenic acid, added to a defatted diet in which wheast and alfalfa meal were the only protein sources, optimally reduced wing syndrome (defined as crumpled wings) in Mamestra brassica Walker at 1.1 mg/g (w/w dry wt.) of diet, increased survival to pupa at 2.2 mg/g, and reduced pupal syndrome (defined as improper formation of the 4th abdominal sternite) and increased survival to adult at 5.8 mg/g. Pupal weight increased and incidence of diapause decreased as dietary linolenic acid increased. Linoleic acid substituted for linolenic acid only in survival to the pupal stage. Pupae from larvae fed artificial diets had more fat (20.6–25.5% dry wt.) than pupae from larvae fed rape leaves (16.5%). Absolute levels of linolenic acid increased in pupae in proportion to dietary levels including pupae from larvae reared on rape leaves but the relative amount of linolenic acid sequestered in pupae from leaf-fed larvae was greater.Pupal syndrome is a sensitive indicator of dietary adequacy and its occurrence is affected by dietary linolenic acid and possibly other fat soluble components.

Laboratory Adaptation and Inbreeding in Helicoverpa-Punctigera (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Cacoyianni ◽  
IV Kovacs ◽  
AA Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Laboratory Adaptation ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Inbreeding in the noctuid moth Helicoverpa punctigera was examined by crossing moths within and between families set up from field-collected females. There were large inbreeding effects for larval viability, and smaller effects for adult size and larval/pupal developmental time. Size and developmental time were compared in two recently collected strains from Western Australia and Victoria, and in two strains from these locations held in the laboratory for eight or 12 generations. In both laboratory-adapted strains, the length of a hindwing vein was reduced and the time spent at the pupal stage was extended. There were also changes in pupal weight but these were inconsistent. Means of F1s from crosses between the strains were intermediate for hindwing length and pupal weight, while F1 means for pupal developmental time were similar to those of recently collected strains. This suggests that some changes in established stocks were due to laboratory adaptation rather than inbreeding. A comparison of lines held for one or four generations in the laboratory indicated changes in hindwing length and pupal developmental time in the same direction as those observed in crosses between established and new laboratory stocks.

DEVELOPMENT OF HELIOTHIS ZEA (BODDIE) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON CAROLINA GERANIUM AND ARTIFICIAL DIET AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES1

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Roach ◽  
W. M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The cotton bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), was reared in environmental chambers on artificial diet and a wild host plant, Carolina geranium, Geranium carolinianum, L. at temperatures from 15.5 to 35°C. All above-ground plant parts were used by the larvae, and fruiting structures were not necessary for development to the pupal stage. Bollworms developed on plant bouquets at a rate very similar to that achieved on artificial diet but pupal weight, percent pupation, and percent adult emergence were lower in pupae produced on plant bouquets. Developmental rate parameters estimated for the combined data closely resemble previously published reports in the literature.

scholarly journals Biological activities of spores and metabolites of some fungal isolates on certain aspects of the spiny bollworms Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Mohammed Abd-ElAzeem ◽  
Warda Ahmed Zaki El-Medany ◽  
Hend Mohammed Sabry
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Earias Insulana ◽  
Dead Larva ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractBiological activities of spores and metabolites of some fungi isolated from dead larva of the spiny bollworms (SBW), Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), against the newly hatched larvae of the pest were carried out. Results showed that the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae, Acremonium sp., and Paecilomyces variotii had affected the newly hatched larvae of (SBW). Acremonium sp. was the most potent one as it had the highest newly hatched larval mortality percentage (65 and 58.33%) for its spore suspension and metabolites, respectively, while the lowest one (41%) was for P. variotii metabolites. Also, spore suspensions of the all fungal isolates had the highest larval mortality than fungal metabolites. Studying the enzymatic activity showed that Acremonium sp. produced protease enzyme on media containing gelatin, which caused the highest larval mortality (72.22%).These isolates showed different effects on all stages of the pest and decreased pupal weight, adult emergence percentages, deposited eggs, and hatchability percentages than the control. Identification of Acremonium sp. EZ1 was confirmed using 18 s rRNA and its accession number MN25101.

Differences in the Pupae of Feralia comstocki Grt. and F. jocosa (Gn.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 275-276
Author(s):  
D. A. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Made In

Difficulties experienced in rearing Feralia spp. beyond the pupal stage, and inability to distinguish species in the immature forms, has led to a study of their larvae and pupae. So far no specific differences have been observed in the larvae but progress has been made in the identification of Feralia in the pupal stage.

SURVIVAL OF PUPAE OF MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AND TWO OF ITS PARASITES IN UNTILLED AND TILLED SOIL

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Turnock ◽  
R.J. Bilodeau
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Overwintering Mortality ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Athrycia Cinerea

AbstractThe survival of Mamestra configurata Wlk. was determined from autumn and spring samples in 1973/74, 1980/81, and 1981/82 taken from unfilled and tilled portions of 12 fields of canola (Brassica campestris L. and B. napus L.). Survival from the pre-pupal stage in the autumn to post-diapause pupae in the spring varied from 2.9 to 56.5% in unfilled soil and from 0 to 25.4% in tilled soil. In untilled soil, the variations among fields in total mortality of M. configurata were related to parasitism by Banchus flavescens and to overwintering mortality. In tilled soil, overwintering mortality accounted for most of the variability in total mortality among fields. The percentage of mortality from injury to pupae, and their disappearance following tillage, greatly increased but this type of mortality did not account for much of the variability in total mortality. The disappearance of pupae following tillage was attributed to predation. In both untilled and tilled soils, the amount of overwintering mortality was related to the depth of accumulated snow, and mortality was lower in untilled soil because the stubble trapped more snow. The survival of M. configurata was not related to soil type, the type of tillage equipment, or the frequency of tillage. The number of adults emerging from untilled and tilled soil in one field were 2.58 and 0.27/m2 for M. configurata, 5.22 and 2.85/m2 for the parasite B. flavescens, and 4.46 and 3.60/m2 for the parasite Athrycia cinerea, indicating that the survival of the parasites was less affected by tillage than that of their host.Tillage may reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks of M. configurata not only by increasing mortality but also by differentially affecting the survival of its main parasites.

scholarly journals Interactions among insect-resistant soybean genotypes extracts with populations of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) susceptible and resistant to its nucleopolyhedrovirus

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorla C. Piubelli ◽  
Flávio Moscardi ◽  
Clara B. Hoffmann-Campo
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Biological Insecticide ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) is being used in Brazil as a biological insecticide. Host plant resistance of soybean to insects is been searched for and some authors have mentioned the interference of plant chemistry in virus efficiency. Interactions among soybean extracts of genotypes used as a source of resistance (PI 274454 and PI 227687) with different AgMNPV concentrations in populations of A. geatalis susceptible (S) and resistant (R) to the virus were studied at laboratory condition. Higher mortality was observed when larvae fed on diets with extracts of the soybean genotypes compared with those fed on a plain diet (control). The mean lethal concentration (LC50) was reduced about 10 ties in the S-population fed on diets containing PI 274454 extracts and different concentrations of AgMNPV, compared to control diet. Additive effect was predominantly observed when larvae fed on diets with extracts of soybean genotypes (PI 274454 and PI 227687) and AgMNPV for both larval populations. The pupal weight was negatively influenced by the extracts incorporated to the diets compared to control, for both larval populations, notably for R-population. The results suggest that, in general, leaf extracts of soybean resistant genotype did not cause any harmful effect on virus efficiency.

scholarly journals Dietary fat composition: replacement of saturated fatty acids with PUFA as a public health strategy, with an emphasis on α-linolenic acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (02) ◽  
pp. 234-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne M. Lenighan ◽  
Breige A. McNulty ◽  
Helen M. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Dietary Guideline ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Randomised Controlled

SFA intakes have decreased in recent years, both in Ireland and across other European countries; however a large proportion of the population are still not meeting the SFA recommendation of <10% of total energy (TE). High SFA intakes have been associated with increased CVD and type-2 diabetes (T2D) risk, due to alterations in cholesterol homoeostasis and adipose tissue inflammation. PUFA, in particular EPA and DHA, have been associated with health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effects. It is well established that dietary fat composition plays an important role in biological processes. A recent review of evidence suggests that replacement of SFA with PUFA has potential to reduce risk of CVD and T2D. The public health and molecular impact of EPA and DHA have been well-characterised, while less is known of effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA). The current dietary guideline for ALA is 0·5% TE; however evidence from supplementation trials suggests that benefit is observed at levels greater than 2 g/d (0·6–1% TE). This review highlights the gap in the evidence base relating to effects of the replacement of SFA with ALA, identifying the need for randomised controlled trials to determine the optimal dose of ALA substitution to define the efficacy of dietary fat modification with ALA.

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