Laboratory Adaptation and Inbreeding in Helicoverpa-Punctigera (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Cacoyianni ◽  
IV Kovacs ◽  
AA Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Laboratory Adaptation ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Inbreeding in the noctuid moth Helicoverpa punctigera was examined by crossing moths within and between families set up from field-collected females. There were large inbreeding effects for larval viability, and smaller effects for adult size and larval/pupal developmental time. Size and developmental time were compared in two recently collected strains from Western Australia and Victoria, and in two strains from these locations held in the laboratory for eight or 12 generations. In both laboratory-adapted strains, the length of a hindwing vein was reduced and the time spent at the pupal stage was extended. There were also changes in pupal weight but these were inconsistent. Means of F1s from crosses between the strains were intermediate for hindwing length and pupal weight, while F1 means for pupal developmental time were similar to those of recently collected strains. This suggests that some changes in established stocks were due to laboratory adaptation rather than inbreeding. A comparison of lines held for one or four generations in the laboratory indicated changes in hindwing length and pupal developmental time in the same direction as those observed in crosses between established and new laboratory stocks.

scholarly journals Life-History Parameters of Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora G Montezano ◽  
Thomas E Hunt ◽  
Alexandre Specht ◽  
Priscila M C Luz ◽  
Julie A Peterson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Striacosta Albicosta ◽  
Western Great Plains ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Striacosta albicosta (Smith) is a key pest of maize and dry beans in North America. It has expanded its distribution from the western Great Plains of the United States to the Great Lakes region in the United States and Canada. There has been limited research on the baseline biological aspects of this insect under controlled conditions. The objective of this study was to detail the biological parameters of S. albicosta feeding on an artificial diet under laboratory conditions. Overall survival from neonate to adult at 26.6 ± 1°C was 36.72% and the total developmental time was approximately 110 d. Survival of the egg, larval, prepupal, and pupal stages were 75.71, 98.50, 51.78, and 95.10%, respectively. Average duration of the egg, larval, prepupal, and pupal stages was 4.64, 28.20, 41.50, and 25.91 d, respectively. During the larval stage, 92.50% of larvae developed through seven instars and the remaining through six instars. Larvae that developed through six and seven instars exhibited a mean growth ratio of 1.60 and 1.47, respectively; however, there was no difference in pupal weight. Eggs laid by field-mated moths showed a fertility of 75.71%, compared with 4.18% from laboratory-reared moths. These data suggest that S. albicosta develop primarily through seven instars and the most vulnerable developmental stage is the prepupa. Laboratory conditions strongly affected fertility success. Information presented here greatly expands our understanding of S. albicosta biology, which can be used to improve the efficiency of laboratory bioassays and management techniques for this critical crop pest.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on the development and progeny production of Glyptapanteles muesebecki (Blanchard) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing larvae of Pseudaletia sequax Franclemont (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís A. Foerster ◽  
Marion do R.F. Avanci ◽  
Augusta K. Doetzer
Keyword(s):  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Lower Threshold ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Threshold Temperatures ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The developmental time of Glyptapanteles muesebecki (Blanchard) parasitizing the armyworm Pseudaletia sequax Franclemont, and the number of pupae/host were determined at six constant temperatures ranging from 14° to 30°C. The egg + larval stages lasted from 17.8 days at 26° and 29°C to 56.4 days at 14°C, while the pupal stage ranged from 6.4 days at 29°C to 34.5 days at 14°C. G. muesebecki required 291.9 degree-days (DD) above the lower threshold of 8.9°C to complete the egg + larval development, while the pupae required 107.0 DD above 11.1°C. Development from egg to adult was completed after 397.4 DD above the lower threshold of 9.6°C. The number of pupae/host was not significantly different between 18°° and 26°C, and ranged from 86.9 at 22°C to 92.1 at 18°C. At the lower (14°°C) and upper (29°C) threshold temperatures, this number was significantly lower, averaging 27.6 and 19.8 pupae/host, respectively. Moreover, at 14° and 29°C the proportion of parasitized caterpillars was significantly lower than in the range between 18° and 26°C and at the lower temperature there was no synchronism in the pupation of parasitoids from the same host. At 30°C, the host larvae died before the emergence of the parasitoids. At 18, 22 or 26°C, the development and progeny production of G. muesebecki was not affected in the laboratory after five consecutive generations.

DEVELOPMENT OF HELIOTHIS ZEA (BODDIE) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON CAROLINA GERANIUM AND ARTIFICIAL DIET AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES1

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Roach ◽  
W. M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The cotton bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), was reared in environmental chambers on artificial diet and a wild host plant, Carolina geranium, Geranium carolinianum, L. at temperatures from 15.5 to 35°C. All above-ground plant parts were used by the larvae, and fruiting structures were not necessary for development to the pupal stage. Bollworms developed on plant bouquets at a rate very similar to that achieved on artificial diet but pupal weight, percent pupation, and percent adult emergence were lower in pupae produced on plant bouquets. Developmental rate parameters estimated for the combined data closely resemble previously published reports in the literature.

THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE). EFFECTS OF DIETARY LINOLENIC ACID ON PUPAL SYNDROME, WING SYNDROME, SURVIVAL, AND PUPAL FAT COMPOSITION

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Bracken
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Abdominal Sternite ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
Dietary Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Soluble Components

AbstractLinolenic acid, added to a defatted diet in which wheast and alfalfa meal were the only protein sources, optimally reduced wing syndrome (defined as crumpled wings) in Mamestra brassica Walker at 1.1 mg/g (w/w dry wt.) of diet, increased survival to pupa at 2.2 mg/g, and reduced pupal syndrome (defined as improper formation of the 4th abdominal sternite) and increased survival to adult at 5.8 mg/g. Pupal weight increased and incidence of diapause decreased as dietary linolenic acid increased. Linoleic acid substituted for linolenic acid only in survival to the pupal stage. Pupae from larvae fed artificial diets had more fat (20.6–25.5% dry wt.) than pupae from larvae fed rape leaves (16.5%). Absolute levels of linolenic acid increased in pupae in proportion to dietary levels including pupae from larvae reared on rape leaves but the relative amount of linolenic acid sequestered in pupae from leaf-fed larvae was greater.Pupal syndrome is a sensitive indicator of dietary adequacy and its occurrence is affected by dietary linolenic acid and possibly other fat soluble components.

Stadia, Larval-Pupal Weight, and Width of Head Capsules of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) After Feeding on Varying Resistance Levels of Maize Silks

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-309
Author(s):  
B. R. Wiseman ◽  
D. J. Isenhour ◽  
V. R. Bhagwat
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Susceptible Genotype ◽  
Resistant Material ◽  
Maize Silks ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Weight of larvae, developmental time to pupation, weight of pupae, length of stadia, and width of head capsule were determined for larvae of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), that were fed on meridic diets with silks of ‘Stowell's Evergreen’, a susceptible genotype, or low, intermediate, and high levels of ‘Zapalote Chico’, a corn, Zea mays L., cultivar with antibiotic resistance. As the level of resistance increased, the weight of larvae at 9 days and weight of pupae significantly decreased, and developmental time to pupation significantly increased. Also, as the concentration of resistant material increased in the diet, stadial length also significantly increased. The intermediate and high levels of resistance also resulted in a significant reduction in the width of the head capsule of larvae. Thus, two new characteristics of resistance in maize silks to the corn earworm were identified: increased stadia and decreased width of head capsule.

The early development of antenna and antennal sensilla in the noctuid moth, Agrotis segetum (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
Eric Hallberg ◽  
Lina Hansén
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Agrotis Segetum ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
Standard Procedures

The antennal rudiments in lepidopterous insects are present as disks during the larval stage. The tubular double-walled antennal disk is present beneath the larval antenna, and its inner layer gives rise to the adult antenna during the pupal stage. The sensilla develop from a cluster of cells that are derived from one stem cell, which gives rise to both sensory and enveloping cells. During the morphogenesis of the sensillum these cells undergo major transformations, including cell death. In the moth Agrotis segetum the pupal stage lasts about 14 days (temperature, 25°C). The antennae, clearly seen from the exterior, were dissected and fixed according to standard procedures (3 % glutaraldehyde in 0.15 M cacaodylate buffer, followed by 1 % osmiumtetroxide in the same buffer). Pupae from day 1 to day 8, of both sexes were studied.

Persistence of giants: population dynamics of the limpet Scutellastra laticostata on rocky shores in Western Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 646 ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
RE Scheibling ◽  
R Black
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Decadal Time Scale

Population dynamics and life history traits of the ‘giant’ limpet Scutellastra laticostata on intertidal limestone platforms at Rottnest Island, Western Australia, were recorded by interannual (January/February) monitoring of limpet density and size structure, and relocation of marked individuals, at 3 locations over periods of 13-16 yr between 1993 and 2020. Limpet densities ranged from 4 to 9 ind. m-2 on wave-swept seaward margins of platforms at 2 locations and on a rocky notch at the landward margin of the platform at a third. Juvenile recruits (25-55 mm shell length) were present each year, usually at low densities (<1 m-2), but localized pulses of recruitment occurred in some years. Annual survival rates of marked limpets varied among sites and cohorts, ranging from 0.42 yr-1 at the notch to 0.79 and 0.87 yr-1 on the platforms. A mass mortality of limpets on the platforms occurred in 2003, likely mediated by thermal stress during daytime low tides, coincident with high air temperatures and calm seas. Juveniles grew rapidly to adult size within 2 yr. Asymptotic size (L∞, von Bertalanffy growth model) ranged from 89 to 97 mm, and maximum size from 100 to 113 mm, on platforms. Growth rate and maximum size were lower on the notch. Our empirical observations and simulation models suggest that these populations are relatively stable on a decadal time scale. The frequency and magnitude of recruitment pulses and high rate of adult survival provide considerable inertia, enabling persistence of these populations in the face of sporadic climatic extremes.

scholarly journals Biological activities of spores and metabolites of some fungal isolates on certain aspects of the spiny bollworms Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Mohammed Abd-ElAzeem ◽  
Warda Ahmed Zaki El-Medany ◽  
Hend Mohammed Sabry
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Earias Insulana ◽  
Dead Larva ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractBiological activities of spores and metabolites of some fungi isolated from dead larva of the spiny bollworms (SBW), Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), against the newly hatched larvae of the pest were carried out. Results showed that the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae, Acremonium sp., and Paecilomyces variotii had affected the newly hatched larvae of (SBW). Acremonium sp. was the most potent one as it had the highest newly hatched larval mortality percentage (65 and 58.33%) for its spore suspension and metabolites, respectively, while the lowest one (41%) was for P. variotii metabolites. Also, spore suspensions of the all fungal isolates had the highest larval mortality than fungal metabolites. Studying the enzymatic activity showed that Acremonium sp. produced protease enzyme on media containing gelatin, which caused the highest larval mortality (72.22%).These isolates showed different effects on all stages of the pest and decreased pupal weight, adult emergence percentages, deposited eggs, and hatchability percentages than the control. Identification of Acremonium sp. EZ1 was confirmed using 18 s rRNA and its accession number MN25101.

Differences in the Pupae of Feralia comstocki Grt. and F. jocosa (Gn.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 275-276
Author(s):  
D. A. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Made In

Difficulties experienced in rearing Feralia spp. beyond the pupal stage, and inability to distinguish species in the immature forms, has led to a study of their larvae and pupae. So far no specific differences have been observed in the larvae but progress has been made in the identification of Feralia in the pupal stage.

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