THE SUITABILITY OF NINE SPECIES OF CRUCIFERAE AS HOSTS FOR THE LARVAE OF THE RED TURNIP BEETLE, ENTOMOSCELIS AMERICANA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Gerber ◽  
A. A. Obadofin
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Black Mustard ◽  
Oriental Mustard

AbstractThe suitability of nine species of Cruciferae as hosts for the larvae of the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown, was tested in the laboratory using excised cotyledons or true leaves as food and rape (Brassica campestris L.) as the standard. The three types of commercial mustards grown in Canada (yellow-seeded (oriental mustard) and brown-seeded (brown mustard) forms of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.; and yellow mustard, B. hirta Moench) and three weeds (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic, shepherd’s purse; Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O.E. Schulz, dog mustard; and Sinapis arvensis L., wild mustard) were suitable food plants. Brassica nigra (L.) Koch (black mustard), Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb (flixweed), and Sisymbrium loeselii L. (tall hedge mustard) were marginally suitable. Thlaspi arvense L. (stinkweed) was a non-host plant. These observations suggest that an important element of the pest management system for the red turnip beetle should be the elimination of volunteer commercial mustards and the cruciferous weeds, except T. arvense, in April and May to prevent population build-up.

Response of mustard to fertilization, seeding date, and seeding rate in southern Alberta

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Oriental Mustard

Yellow mustard (Sinapsis alba L.), brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.), and oriental mustard (B. juncea) have been grown in Alberta since the 1950s, but limited agronomic information specific for this crop is available. The objective of this study was to determine the response of mustard to fertilization, seeding date and seeding rate in southern Alberta. Field experiments were conducted at 20 field sites over a 4-yr period (1999–2002) under irrigated and dryland (fallow and stubble) conditions. Five experiments were conducted with the following treatments: (1) N fertilizer rate (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1), (2) urea placement (seed-placed and side-banded urea at rates of 0 to 120 kg N ha-1), (3) P fertilizer rate (0, 6.5, and 13.1 kg P ha-1), (4) S fertilizer rate (0, 10 and 20 kg S ha-1), and (5) seeding date (three dates at approximately 10-d intervals) and seeding rate (target plant densities of 75, 125, 175, 225, and 300 plants m-2). Experiment 1 was conducted with yellow mustard (AC Pennant), oriental mustard (Forge), brown mustard (Commercial Brown) and canola (Q2) (Brassica napus L.), while the remaining experiments were only conducted with yellow mustard. For maximum seed yield, mustard required 95 kg of available N Mg-1 of potential seed yield. Potential yields were closely related to available moisture, increasing 7 to 8 kg ha-1 for every mm increase in available moisture above a minimum moisture requirement of 90 mm. Seed-placed urea reduced plant stand at rates as low as 30 kg N ha-1 and reduced seed yield at rates of 60 to 120 kg N ha-1. Fourteen of 20 sites had a greater than 3% positive yield benefit due to P fertilizer. Mustard did not benefit from S fertilizer application. Delay in seeding by 3–4 wk, compared with seeding in late April to mid-May, reduced seed yield of yellow mustard by an average of 37%. Seed yield increased with seeding rate, but the maximum gain in seed yield due to high seeding rates was only 200 kg ha-1, with significant increases obtained only under very dry conditions. Early seeding and adequate N fertility were the most important agronomic practices for achieving high yields of mustard in southern Alberta. Key words: Sinapsis alba, Brassica juncea, yield, oil, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, water-use efficiency

Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock on the Canadian prairies

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Blackshaw ◽  
Eric Johnson ◽  
Yantai Gan ◽  
William May ◽  
David McAndrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Ethiopian Mustard ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Oriental Mustard

Blackshaw, R. E., Johnson, E. N., Gan, Y., May, W. E., McAndrew, D. W., Barthet, V., McDonald, T. and Wispinski, D. 2011. Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock on the Canadian prairies. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 889–896. Increased demand for biodiesel feedstock has encouraged greater napus canola (Brassica napus L.) production, but there may be a need for greater production of other oilseed crops for this purpose. A multi-site field study was conducted to determine the oil yield potential of various crops relative to that of napus canola in the semi-arid, short-season environment of the Canadian prairies. Oilseed crops evaluated included rapa canola (Brassica rapa L.), juncea canola (Brassica juncea L.), Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata L.), oriental mustard (Brassica juncea L.), yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.), camelina (Camelina sativa L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Max.]. Crop emergence and growth were generally good for all crops, but soybean did not fully mature at some locations. The number of site-years (out of a total of 9) that crops attained similar or greater yields compared to napus canola were camelina (6), oriental mustard (5), juncea canola (3), flax (3), soybean (3), rapa canola (2), yellow mustard (2), and Ethiopian mustard (1). The ranking of seed oil concentration was napus canola=rapa canola= juncea canola=flax>camelina=oriental mustard>Ethiopian mustard>yellow mustard>soybean. Considering yield and oil concentration, the alternative oilseed crops exhibiting the most potential for biodiesel feedstock were camelina, flax, rapa canola and oriental mustard. Oils of all crops were easily converted to biodiesel and quality analyses indicated that all crops would be suitable for biodiesel feedstock with the addition of antioxidants that are routinely utilized in biodiesel fuels.

scholarly journals Characterization of a new oriental-mustard (Brassica juncea) allergen, Braj IE: detection of an allergenic epitope

1993 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
R I Monsalve ◽  
M A Gonzalez de la Peña ◽  
L Menendez-Arias ◽  
C Lopez-Otin ◽  
M Villalba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Antigenic Determinant ◽  
Major Allergen ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Histidine Residue ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Oriental Mustard

Bra j IE, a major allergen from oriental-mustard (Brassica juncea) seeds, has been isolated and characterized. Its primary structure has been elucidated. This protein is composed of two chains (37 and 92 amino acids) linked by disulphide bridges. The amino acid sequence obtained is closely related to that previously determined for Sin a I, an allergen isolated from yellow mustard (Sinapis alba). A common epitope has been detected in the large chain of both Bra j IE and Sin a I by means of electroblotting and immunodetection with 2B3, which is a monoclonal antibody raised against the yellow-mustard allergen. A histidine residue of the large chain of both mustard allergens has been found to be essential for the recognition by 2B3 antibody. A synthetic multiantigenic peptide containing this His was recognized by 2B3 as well as by sera of mustard-hypersensitive individuals. Therefore this antigenic determinant must be involved in the allergenicity of these proteins.

Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) injury to Brassicaceae in field trials in northeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Andreassen ◽  
Juliana Soroka ◽  
Larry Grenkow ◽  
Owen Olfert ◽  
Rebecca H. Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Ethiopian Mustard ◽  
Contarinia Nasturtii ◽  
Oriental Mustard

AbstractTo determine resistance of Brassicaceae field crops to Contarinia Róndani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) midge complex (Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer and Contarinia undescribed species), field trials of two different host assemblages were undertaken near Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada in 2014 and repeated in 2015. In both years the first midge adults appeared in early July, when most plants were starting to flower, and a second generation occurred in mid-August, past the period of crop susceptibility. In a trial studying 18 lines of six brassicaceous species, the lowest probability of midge injury was found on Camelina sativa (Linnaeus) Crantz lines in both years. No differences were found in the probability of midge injury among any of the 13 Brassica Linnaeus species lines tested, including commercial glyphosate-resistant and glufosinate-resistant Brassica napus Linnaeus canola lines, Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata Braun), brown or oriental mustard (Brassica juncea (Linnaeus) Czernajew), or Polish canola (Brassica rapa Linnaeus) lines. Probability of midge injury on Sinapis alba Linnaeus yellow mustard lines reached levels between those on Camelina sativa lines and those on Brassica lines. A second trial examining 14 current commercial glyphosate-resistant Brassica napus canola cultivars found no differences in susceptibility to midge feeding among any cultivars tested. More plants were damaged in 2015 in both studies, and damage reached maximum levels earlier in 2015 than in 2014.

A COMPARISON OF MCP AND 2,4-D FOR THE CONTROL OF ANNUAL WEEDS IN GRAIN CROPS

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Friesen ◽  
D. R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Oats, flax and barley were sprayed with various formulations of MCP (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) at a number of Experimental Farms in Western Canada in 1954 and 1955. Each formulation was applied at 4 and 8 ounces of acid equivalent per acre at each of two dates, viz., Date 1, when the weeds were in the seedling stage less than 3 inches in height; and Date 2, at a stage coinciding with the first appearance of buds on the major weed species.Stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense, L.), wild mustard (Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler var. pinnatifida (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler), lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album L.), Russian pigweed (Axyris amarantoides L.), and ball mustard (Neslia paniculata L.), were effectively controlled by each of the MCP and 2,4-D formulations used. Russian thistle (Salsola kali L.), and red-root pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), were not satisfactorily controlled by MCP, whereas hemp nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L.) was not controlled by 2,4-D. Wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.) was not controlled by any of the treatments. Each treatment was more effective when applied during the seedling stage of the weeds.On the basis of wood control and yield of grain the results of this study favour the use of MCP over 2,4-D with either oats or flax. Oats was significantly more tolerant to MCP, particularly if treated during the early growth stages when weed competition was most critical. With flax, the difference in tolerance was most pronounced in favour of MCP at the later date of treatment. The 2,4-D ester and low volatile ester resulted in a preponderance of plant deformities, lowered the yields of both oats and flax and delayed the maturity of flax significantly. Barley yields in this study were not adversely affected by any of the treatments.

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