Induction of sublethal effects for the characterization of Olive groves under different pest management systems

Currently, olive grove management in Spain responds to the three following clearly differentiated systems in order of decreasing area: Conventional Management (70%), Integrated Pest Management (IPM) (26%) and Ecological Management (4%) systems. These are characterized by a decreasing dependence on synthetic insecticides and by different soil tillage intensities. They are also subject to different subside regulations and application regimen by the government, so their adequate characterization represents a factor of increasing importance, which is the object of this work.During the years 2017 and 2018, olive groves corresponding to the three types of management were selected, in which two series of plots were established. In one series, Dimethoate 40® was applied, considering plots of the second series as control. After insecticide application, beneficial insects were monitored through the use of chromatic traps.The results allow elucidating two clearly different behavioral patterns in beneficial insects, depending on the use of insecticides: Conventional and IPM management, where repellency reaction is manifested, absent in the Ecological Management. Aspects about the induction of sublethal effects for the characterization of the different pest management systems are discussed.

Natural biological control ofChrysodeixis includens

A wide variety of abiotic and biotic factors act on insect pests to regulate their populations. Knowledge of the time and magnitude of these factors is fundamental to understanding population dynamics and developing efficient pest management systems. We investigate the natural mortality factors, critical pest stages, and key mortality factors that regulateChrysodeixis includenspopulations via ecological life tables. The total mortality caused by natural factors was 99.99%. Natural enemies were the most important mortality factors in all pest stages. The critical stages ofC. includensmortality were second and fourth instars. The key mortality factors were predation by ants in the second instar and predation by Vespidae in the fourth instar. The elimination of these factors can cause an increase of 77.52 and 85.17% ofC. includenspopulation, respectively. This study elucidates the importance of natural enemies and other natural mortality factors inC. includenspopulation regulation. These factors should be considered in developing and implementingC. includensmanagement strategies and tactics in order to achieve effective and sustainable pest control.

PENGARUH POLA PENGELOLAAN HAMA TERHADAP POPULASI SERANGGA HAMA PADA LAHAN KEDELAI VARIETAS ANJASMORO DAN WILIS

Effect of pest management systems to the insect pests population on Anjasmoro and Wilis soybean varieties. The integrated pest management (IPM) is a pest control approach which is based on ecological and economic considerations. The objective of this research was to study the effect of different pest management systems on the insect pest population using two soybean varieties, Anjasmoro and Wilis.The experiments were done in a randomized complete block design, repeated twice. The pest management systems under the different plots were integrated pest management, non-chemical control, chemical control, and the control (which received neither chemicals nor IPM). Observations were made on the pest population and the intensity of the damage caused by primary soybean pests. The primary pests observed were Ophiomya phaseoli, Aphis gossypii, Lamprosema indicata, Spodoptera litura, Bemisia tabaci, Riptortus linearis and Etiella zinckenella. Integrated pest management significantly affect the population of whitefly on Anjasmoro variety but not on Wilis variety. The populations of bean fly, aphid, leaf roller, armyworm, stink bug and pod borer were not affected by pest management system. The lower yield of Anjasmoro variety was attributed to the attack by a viral infection whose disease incidence reached 80% on the plots without a pest management system. IPM management system was more efficient than chemical management system.

Apple washers removal of insect pests and contaminants from export apples

Export markets require highquality fruit free from insects and mites of quarantine significance and with minimal or no agrichemical residues This presents a challenge for New Zealands pipfruit sector when developing novel pest management systems to meet these market requirements Brushbed apple washers are an important component of a systems approach to remove insects and mites in packhouses before fruit are exported A new apple washer using multinozzle rotors significantly reduced the incidence of insects and mites on apples Weathered residues of kaolin and hydrated lime were similarly reduced by this apple washer Assessment of fruit quality after apple washing and cool storage did not identify any commercially significant quality issues on the three apple cultivars examined Apple washer design to optimise pest removal from all locations on the fruit is discussed