EFFECT OF APHID CONSUMPTION BY LARVAE ON DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF A FLOWER FLY, SYRPHUS COROLLAE (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE)

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 989-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cornelius ◽  
C. A. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Energy Equivalent ◽  
Aphid Consumption ◽  
Average Fecundity

AbstractAverage duration of the larval stage of Syrphus corollae Fab. reared at 20 ± 1 °C decreased linearly with increase in amount consumed from 9.2 days with 40.9 cal consumed/larva to 7.9 days at 78.1 cal/larva. Mean weight of pupae and percentage emergence of adults increased with calories consumed. No eggs were laid by flies developed from larvae which consumed less than 54.6 cal of energy, equivalent to 38 aphids. Average fecundity increased linearly with consumption up to 81.6 cal/larva (= 58 aphids). Mean reproductive output was 3.2% of larval consumption above 55 cal but decreased as larval consumption increased. When food was scarce, fecundity decreased because pupae, and therefore ovaries, were smaller. Larvae consumed as much as possible in the time available rather than pupating after consuming a minimal amount.

scholarly journals The reproductive performance of the Red-Algae shrimp Leander paulensis (Ortmann, 1897) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) and the effect of post-spawning female weight gain on weight-dependent parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Zimmermann ◽  
Fabrício Lopes Carvalho ◽  
Fernando L. Mantelatto
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Egg Volume ◽  
Average Fecundity ◽  
Female Weight

AbstractDecapod species have evolved with a variety of reproductive strategies. In this study reproductive features of the palaemonid shrimp Leander paulensiswere investigated. Individuals were collected in the coastal region of Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. In all, 46 ovigerous females were examined in terms of the following reproductive traits: fecundity, reproductive output, brood loss and egg volume. Leander paulensis produces a large number of small eggs with an average fecundity of 635 ± 246 eggs. Egg volume increased significantly from early (0.034 ± 0.008 mm3) to late development stage (0.05 ± 0.012 mm3). The reproductive output did not correlate with female size. The weight of females bearing stage 2 eggs was significantly higher than that of females carrying stage 1 eggs. We assume that the reason for this weight gain is the recovery of female reserves that have been depleted for egg production. Moreover, we emphasize that this weight gain must be considered when evaluating weight-dependent variables such as reproductive output or brood loss in relation to female weight. Otherwise, an overestimation of these variables might lead to inaccurate results.

scholarly journals Developmental stages of a mottled emigrant butterfly, catopsilia pyranthe

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Arju ◽  
MA Bashar ◽  
G Moula
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Laboratory Condition ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Life Cycle Duration

The overall life cycle, duration and survival rate of different developmental stages (egg, larva and pupa) of Catopsilia pyranthe conducted at 27 ± 3°C and RH 75% ± 2. showed that within 6.4 days 68% eggs hatched. The average duration from egg to adult, larval stage and pupal were 23.87, 10.93 and 6.8 days, respectively. Fifty six out of 68 larvae successfully completed their whole 5 instars. There were positive correlation among the larval instars, amount of food consumption and excretion of faeces. About 52% pupa were emerged as adult at laboratory condition. Key words: Life cycle; Catopsilia pyranthe; Developmental stages; Rearing DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v19i2.8961 DUJBS 2010; 19(2): 171-179

scholarly journals Reproductive Output and Duration of the Pelagic Larval Stage Determine Seascape-Wide Connectivity of Marine Populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Treml ◽  
Jason J. Roberts ◽  
Yi Chao ◽  
Patrick N. Halpin ◽  
Hugh P. Possingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Pelagic Larval Stage

Vine phenological stage during larval feeding affects male and female reproductive output of Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Torres-Vila ◽  
M.C. Rodríguez-Molina ◽  
R. Roehrich ◽  
J. Stockel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Semisynthetic Diet ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Potential Factor

AbstractThe effect of vine phenological stage during larval feeding on the reproductive output of Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) adults was assessed. Larvae were reared under field conditions on vine inflorescences, unripe or ripe berries simulating the first, second and third insect generations respectively. The resulting adults showed significant differences in body weight, longevity and reproductive output as measured by oviposition period, total fecundity and reproductive efficiency (viable eggs/body weight) for females, and spermatophore number and volume of the first spermatophore for males. Viable egg number was positively correlated with female body weight for all treatments but male reproductive efficiency (spermatophores/body weight) was not. The reproductive output of females from larvae reared on a standard semisynthetic diet was comparable to that of females reared on ripe berries whereas males showed a higher reproductive output when reared on semisynthetic diet. These results clearly show that data obtained from insects reared on artificial diet cannot be extrapolated to ‘field-derived’ adults. The results suggest that the variation in L. botrana reproductive output due to the larval food source should be taken into account as a potential factor affecting insect population dynamics. It is suggested that different intervention thresholds, such as those based on pheromone catches, may be needed for each of the three moth generations, to compensate for the increased fecundity and potential to cause larger amounts of crop damage of later generations.

THE NORTHERN FOWL MITE (LIPONYSSUS SYLVIARUM C. & F., 1877): INVESTIGATIONS AT MACDONALD COLLEGE, QUE., WITH A SUMMARY OF PREVIOUS WORK

1938 ◽  
Vol 16d (8) ◽  
pp. 230-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Thermal Death ◽  
Northern Fowl Mite ◽  
Thermal Death Point ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Great Control

This paper gives a complete review of past work on the northern fowl mite. The generic name for the species is Liponyssus Kolenati, 1859. To show the geographical distribution of this mite, 20 bird and two mammalian hosts are given in systematic order. A seeming discrepancy in previous descriptions of the protonymph is figured and described. A description of the larva and of the males, resembling those of L. bursa, is given with figures. They were taken, with males of L. sylviarum, from fowls at Macdonald College, but all females taken from the birds are as described for L. sylviarum. Average duration of the egg stage is 30.4 hr. and of the larval stage 8.33 hr. at 100°–104° F. and 90–100% relative humidity. All attempts at artificial feeding failed. This mite does not aestivate and will not breed upon chicks. It multiplies rapidly, spreads readily from bird to bird, and survives long periods of starvation, but temperatures below 7° F. cause death in a short time, when away from the host. The high thermal death point lies between 104.2 and 108.5° F. The economic importance is uncertain but might be great. Control is cheaply and easily accomplished by the use of nicotine sulphate.

Delayed mating reduces reproductive output of female European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Torres-Vila ◽  
M.C. Rodríguez-Molina ◽  
J. Stockel
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
Grapevine Moth ◽  
Old Females ◽  
Female Weight

AbstractVirgin females of Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller were mated at ages of 1, 3, 5, 8, 12 and 16 days and the effect of mating delay on reproductive output assessed. Delayed mating did not affect female mating success but fertilization was reduced in 16-day-old females. Increased mating delays substantially affected daily oviposition pattern and resulted in a significant reduction of both fecundity and fertility, so that mean number of viable eggs laid decreased from 150 to 22 in 1- and 16-day-old mated females, respectively. Heavier females were more constrained than lighter ones by mating delays and female reproductive efficiency (no. viable eggs/female body weight) was also significantly reduced. Female longevity significantly increased and oviposition period gradually declined with mating delay. The number of viable eggs was positively correlated with both female weight and oviposition period; female longevity and female weight were also significantly correlated. However, the significance of these correlations declined with increased mating delay. Results overall indicated that mating delay drastically reduces female L. botrana reproductive output. The implications of delayed mating of females are discussed from an ecological perspective in relation to L. botrana control using mating disruption.

scholarly journals Immature stages of Spodoptera albula (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Developmental parameters and host plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
DÉBORA G. MONTEZANO ◽  
ALEXANDRE SPECHT ◽  
TARCISO M. BORTOLIN ◽  
EDEGAR FRONZA ◽  
DANIEL R. SOSA-GÓMEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Larval Host ◽  
Rearing Methods ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Larval Host Plants

This study aimed to detail the temporal and morphological parameters of the immature stages of Spodoptera albula (Walker 1857) under controlled conditions (25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% RH and 14 hour photophase) and to gather information about their larval host plants. For this purpose, a new rearing method and artificial diet was employed and validated. The viability of the egg, larval, pupal and pre-pupal stages was 94.54, 97.33, 93.84 and 92.34%, respectively. The average duration of the egg, larval, pupal and pre-pupal stages was 4.14, 16.37, 1.69, and 9.34 days, respectively. During the larval stage, 80.85% of females and 93.99% of males passed through six and remaining through seven instars, with significant larval protandry. The larvae that developed through six and seven instars exhibited a mean growth rate of 1.58 and 1.48, respectively. Fifty five host plant species belonging to 29 families are listed. The female pupae were significantly larger, exhibiting protogyny. Both the rearing methods as well as the larval diet proved adequate, providing more detailled observations of the biological cycle, especially the larval stage, and resulting in an overall survival of almost 80%.

scholarly journals Biological aspects of Tiracola grandirena (Herrich-Schäffer, 1868) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): a polyphagous armyworm

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
A Specht ◽  
J Iltchenco ◽  
E Fronza ◽  
VF Roque-Specht ◽  
PC Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

We studied the biology of Tiracola grandirena(Herrich-Schäffer, 1868) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Hadeninae) at 25 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10% RH and 14 hours of photo phase. Three experiments, using 150 larvae each, were conducted for the larval stage. In the first, used to assess the duration and survival of all stages, insects were reared individually and fed an artificial diet (Grenee). In the second, individuals were also reared separately, but were fed leaves of 10 plants from different families. In the third, the larvae were not individualised, the food plants were rotated such as to provide three plant species every 48 hours. In the first experiment, the viability of the eggs, larvae, pupae and prepupae was 91.9, 94.7, 32.49 and 43.5%, respectively. The average duration of the egg, larvae, prepupae, pupae and adult were 6.0, 25.3, 25.7, 21.4 and 12.7 days, respectively. The prolonged prepupal period indicates that T. grandirena can develop larval (prepupal) diapause. The results of the experiments with different host plants showed that T. grandirena is polyphagous at species, population and individual level.

The early development of antenna and antennal sensilla in the noctuid moth, Agrotis segetum (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
Eric Hallberg ◽  
Lina Hansén
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Agrotis Segetum ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
Standard Procedures

The antennal rudiments in lepidopterous insects are present as disks during the larval stage. The tubular double-walled antennal disk is present beneath the larval antenna, and its inner layer gives rise to the adult antenna during the pupal stage. The sensilla develop from a cluster of cells that are derived from one stem cell, which gives rise to both sensory and enveloping cells. During the morphogenesis of the sensillum these cells undergo major transformations, including cell death. In the moth Agrotis segetum the pupal stage lasts about 14 days (temperature, 25°C). The antennae, clearly seen from the exterior, were dissected and fixed according to standard procedures (3 % glutaraldehyde in 0.15 M cacaodylate buffer, followed by 1 % osmiumtetroxide in the same buffer). Pupae from day 1 to day 8, of both sexes were studied.

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