PEST MANAGEMENT: EXPERIENCE IN SIX BRITISH COLUMBIA APPLE ORCHARDS

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 873-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold F. Madsen ◽  
H. Fred Peters ◽  
Jerry M. Vakenti
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Treatment Thresholds ◽  
Management Experience ◽  
Campylomma Verbasci ◽  
Archips Argyrospilus

AbstractA 2-year study on management of apple pests was carried out on six orchards in the interior of British Columbia. Sample techniques and treatment thresholds were satisfactory for most pests with the exception of fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospilus (Walker), western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and the mirid Campylomma verbasci (Meyer). The number of chemical sprays per orchard averaged eight when the study was initiated. In 1973, the sprays required for pest control were reduced to an average of 5.6 per orchard, and in 1974, this figure was further reduced to 3.1. This reduction in chemical sprays was accomplished without an increase in insect or mite injury to fruit or foliage.

scholarly journals Returns to research and outreach for integrated pest management of western flower thrips infesting French bean and tomato in Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 114-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Mujuka ◽  
H. Affognon ◽  
B.W. Muriithi ◽  
S. Subramanian ◽  
P. Irungu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Flower Thrips

AbstractThrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande), is a major invasive pest that causes extensive yield losses in French bean and tomato in Kenya. Thrips management is based on the application of pesticides. In addition to increased environmental risks associated with pesticides, frequent use of these chemicals increases production costs and pesticide resistance. Furthermore, exports are restricted due to non-compliance to maximum residue levels in important consumer export markets, especially the European Union (EU). This study was conducted to estimate the potential benefits of the effectiveness of theicipe-developed strategy for control of western flower thrips before dissemination of the technology in Kenya, using the economic surplus model. We calculated the benefit–cost ratio, the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) using Cost–Benefit Analysis (CBA). Assuming a maximum conservative adoption rate of 1% and a 10% discount rate for the base deterministic scenario, the NPV of the research was estimated at US$2.2 million, with an IRR of 23% and a BCR of 2.46. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the NPV, IRR and BCR increased at an increasing rate as adoption rates increased. However, as elasticities of supply and demand increased, the NPV, IRR and BCR increased at a decreasing rate. The findings demonstrate that farmers from developing countries can gain when they obtain access to suitable pest management innovations such as integrated pest management technologies. Consequently, investment in IPM technologies for suppression of western flower thrips should be enhanced.

scholarly journals Two-year Grower Survey of Western Flower Thrips and Tospovirus Incidence and Management in Maine Greenhouses

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 569e-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Stack ◽  
L.B. Stack ◽  
F.A. Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Greenhouse Growers ◽  
Grower Survey

A mail survey of greenhouse growers was conducted in 1994 and 1995 to determine the presence and importance of western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, in Maine greenhouses in growing years 1993 and 1994. Respondents were licensed growers with at least 1000 ft2 (93 m2) of greenhouse growing area. The survey objectives were to develop a grower demographic profile; determine the incidence of WFT and two WFT-vectored plant viruses, tomato spotted wilt (TSWV) and impatiens necrotic spot (INSV); and identify current WFT management strategies. The survey shows that Maine greenhouse growers are seasonal, experienced and retail oriented. Their growing area averages less than 10,000 ft2 (929 m2) and they produce a diverse crop mix and choose to import production stock as much as propagate it themselves. Both WFT and TSWV/INSV have increased in severity in Maine greenhouses over the past 10 years. Larger, year-round greenhouses are more likely to experience infestations of WFT and higher virus incidence. An integrated pest management (IPM) strategy is employed by the majority of growers surveyed. Insecticide application is the primary tactic used to control WFT. Fewer than 4% of the growers use natural enemies to control thrips. However, 63% responded that future research in pest management should focus on biological control.

Pupation behaviour of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on potted chrysanthemum

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bruce Broadbent ◽  
Marc Rhainds ◽  
Les Shipp ◽  
Graeme Murphy ◽  
Lana Wainman
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable

Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a serious pest of greenhouse vegetable and ornamental crops across Canada (Broadbent et al. 1987). Upon completing larval development, F. occidentalis either pupates on their host plant or drops to the ground before pupation occurs (Lewis 1973). Because several soil-dwellers prey on or infect F. occidentalis pupae (Gillespie and Quiring 1990; Helyer et al. 1995), assessing the proportion of individuals that pupate on the ground is of critical importance for developing pest management strategies. The present study provides the first quantitative assessment of the pupation behaviour of F. occidentalis.

scholarly journals Distribution of western (Glasshouse strain) and intonsa flower thrips in New Zealand

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
M-C. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
The South ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
The North

Western flower thrips (WFT) (Frankliniella occidentalis) (glasshouse strain) and Intonsa flower thrips (IFT) (Frankliniella intonsa) are polyphagous pests that were first recorded in New Zealand in 1992 and 2002 respectively Surveys were carried out to determine the distribution of these two insects providing useful information for pest management market access and biosecurity Crops (mostly capsicum) were sampled for thrips in 18 greenhouses in the South Island in March/April 2004 and in6 greenhouses in the North Island in November/December 2004 and March 2005 Six outdoor crops (three in each island) were also sampled Between 20 and 50 flower buds were sampled from each greenhouse and thrips were extracted slidemounted and identified to species The results showed that WFT is widely distributed throughout New Zealand while IFT is only recorded in samples from Auckland and Waikato

scholarly journals Resistance in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to Western Flower Thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)]

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1073-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Fery ◽  
James M. Schalk
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Greenhouse Study

A replicated greenhouse study was conducted to confirm the availability of resistance to western Rower thrips in pepper germplasm. Host-plant resistance ratings confirmed earlier observations that there is a considerable amount of variability within pepper germplasm for reaction to F. occidentalis. Plants of `Keystone Resistant Giant', `Yolo Wonder L', `Mississippi Nemaheart', `Sweet Banana', and `California Wonder' were resistant to the insect and exhibited only mild symptoms of damage. Plants of `Carolina Cayenne', `Santaka', and `Bohemian Chili', however, exhibited the symptoms of severe thrips damage, i.e., poorly expanded, deformed, and distorted leaves; greatly shortened internodes; and severe chlorosis. The resistance to F. occidentalis in pepper appears to be due to tolerance mechanisms, not antixenosis (nonpreference) or antibiosis mechanisms. Thrips-resistant cultivars could be used as a cornerstone in an integrated pest management program for greenhouse pepper production.

scholarly journals Morphological and Chemical Factors Related to Western Flower Thrips Resistance in the Ornamental Gladiolus

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1384
Author(s):  
Dinar S. C. Wahyuni ◽  
Young Hae Choi ◽  
Kirsten A. Leiss ◽  
Peter G. L. Klinkhamer
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Highly Correlated

Understanding the mechanisms involved in host plant resistance opens the way for improved resistance breeding programs by using the traits involved as markers. Pest management is a major problem in cultivation of ornamentals. Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus L.) is an economically important ornamental in the Netherlands. Gladiolus is especially sensitive to attack by western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)). The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate morphological and chemical markers for resistance breeding to western flower thrips in Gladiolus varieties. We measured thrips damage of 14 Gladiolus varieties in a whole-plant thrips bioassay and related this to morphological traits with a focus on papillae density. Moreover, we studied chemical host plant resistance to using an eco-metabolomic approach comparing the 1H NMR profiles of thrips resistant and susceptible varieties representing a broad range of papillae densities. Thrips damage varied strongly among varieties: the most susceptible variety showed 130 times more damage than the most resistant one. Varieties with low thrips damage had shorter mesophylls and epidermal cells, as well as a higher density of epicuticular papillae. All three traits related to thrips damage were highly correlated with each other. We observed a number of metabolites related to resistance against thrips: two unidentified triterpenoid saponins and the amino acids alanine and threonine. All these compounds were highly correlated amongst each other as well as to the density of papillae. These correlations suggest that papillae are involved in resistance to thrips by producing and/or storing compounds causing thrips resistance. Although it is not possible to distinguish the individual effects of morphological and chemical traits statistically, our results show that papillae density is an easy marker in Gladiolus-breeding programs targeted at increased resistance to thrips.

Stability of spinosad resistance inFrankliniella occidentalis(Pergande) under laboratory conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bielza ◽  
V. Quinto ◽  
C. Grávalos ◽  
E. Fernández ◽  
J. Abellán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Stability Of Resistance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Successive Generations

AbstractThe stability of spinosad resistance in western flower thrips (WFT),Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande), populations with differing initial frequencies of resistance was studied in laboratory conditions. The stability of resistance was assessed in bimonthly residual bioassays in five populations with initial frequencies of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of resistant individuals. There were no consistent changes in susceptibility of the susceptible strain after eight months without insecticide pressure. In the resistant strain, very highly resistant to spinosad (RF50>23,000-fold), resistance was maintained up to eight months without further exposure to spinosad. In the absence of any immigration of susceptible genes into the population, resistance was stable. In the case of the population with different initial frequency of resistant thrips, spinosad resistance declined significantly two months later in the absence of selection pressure. With successive generations, these strains did not change significantly in sensitivity. Spinosad resistance inF. occidentalisdeclined significantly in the absence of selection pressure and the presence of susceptible WFT. These results suggest that spinosad resistance probably is unstable under field conditions, primarily due to the immigration of susceptible WFT. Factors influencing stability or reversion of spinosad resistance are discussed.

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