FORECASTING CODLING MOTH PHENOLOGY BASED ON PHEROMONE TRAP CATCHES AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-TIME MODELS

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Riedl ◽  
B. A. Croft ◽  
A. J. Howitt
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship of pheromone trap catch to emergence and oviposition of the codling moth was defined for the two-generation climate of Michigan. Catch anticipated emergence and oviposition during spring flight when the trap displayed greatest efficiency, but lagged behind emergence and closely followed oviposition during the second generation. Trapping efficiency declined towards the end of the first generation and was generally lower during summer flight. Factors which possibly relate to this efficiency loss are discussed. First catch and the catch peaks in both generations were evaluated as reference points for the prediction of phenological events (particularly egg hatch) in both generations Of four forecasting methods, degree day and developmental unit summations, starting from first catch, for the preoviposition and incubation period were most reliable in predicting the beginning of spring brood egg hatch.

THE IMPORTANCE OF PHEROMONE TRAP DENSITY AND TRAP MAINTENANCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDIZED MONITORING PROCEDURES FOR THE CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 655-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Riedl
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Trap Density ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Moth Scales ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractPheromone trap density is one factor which influences the magnitude of catch and therefore, should be standardized in a monitoring program. Trap catch increased with the area served by a trap, but reached a plateau when the trap density fell below one trap per 7 ha. From these data a quadratic regression was developed which relates the relative increase in trap catch to trap area. This relationship can be used to compare monitoring data obtained with different trap densities.The number of moths previously caught in a sticky trap can affect its future performance. In the Pherocon® 2 trap catches began to decline after a cumulative total of 20 to 30 moths and in the Pherocon 1CP after 50 to 70 moths. The catch totals causing a drop in trapping efficiency were correlated with the size of the adhesive catch surface. The cause for the loss in trapping efficiency appeared to be physical deterioration of the adhesive due to moth scales, other insect parts, or dust rather than an olfactory repellent factor. Trapping efficiency was restored by thoroughly stirring the soiled adhesive. Standard maintenance procedures should be followed to keep the adhesive quality of the catch surface constant and thereby prevent a reduction in catches. Tests with two pheromone dispensers, the Codlemone® rubber septum and the Conrel® microfibres, indicated that both are effective for at least 6 weeks. Codlemone septa resulted in higher catches during the first week of field use. During subsequent weeks there was no difference in attractiveness between the two pheromone lures.

A STUDY OF PHEROMONE TRAP CATCHES IN RELATION TO CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE) DAMAGE

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Riedl ◽  
B. A. Croft
Keyword(s):  
Codling Moth ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Male Moth ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Many ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractA sex pheromone trap was studied as a quantitative sampling device in a biological monitoring scheme for codling moth populations in Michigan apple orchards. Factors influencing trap efficiency and the relationship of trap catch to adult moth density and the overall seasonal dynamics of L. pomonella are considered.By correlating seasonal male moth catches to absolute infestation levels at harvest it was possible to indicate the density response of male moth catches in the pheromone trap (Sectar 1). Catch response was non-linear and the trap ceased to be indicative of higher infestation levels when accumulative catch exceeded about 100 moths/trap. Also, accumulative trap catches from the first few weeks of the season (before damage appeared) correlated well with eventual infestation levels indicating possible use of the pheromone trap as a predictive tool. Of the many factors influencing trap catch size the number of moth productive trees serviced by a trap (trap/tree ratio) was shown to be of critical importance.

Relationship of Within-tree Placement of the Pheromone Trap to Codling Moth 1 Catches

1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Riedl ◽  
Stephen A. Hoying ◽  
William W. Barnett ◽  
James E. Detar
Keyword(s):  
Codling Moth ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals PHENOLOGY, MOVEMENT, AND WITHIN-FIELD DISTRIBUTION OF THE GRAPE BERRY MOTH, ENDOPIZA VITEANA (CLEMENS) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN NEW YORK VINEYARDS

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Hoffman ◽  
T.J. Dennehy
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Male Pheromone ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Wild Hosts

AbstractFrom 1976 to 1986, the average date of first male pheromone trap catch of grape berry moth was 20 May with an average degree-day (DD) accumulation (base 10 °C) of 150.1 (SE = 13.2). Fifty percent cumulative trap catch of the first generation of males averaged 334.1 (SE = 7.8) DD with an average date of 11 June. Degree-day accumulation was a more accurate method for predicting peak male trap catch than predictions based upon vine phenology and calendar date. Within-field distribution and levels of berry moth infestation were markedly affected by the surrounding habitat. Wooded edges or hedgerows were closely associated with an increase in the level of damage along vineyard borders and higher levels of overall infestation when compared with vineyards without wooded edges. Egg and larval infestation levels in wild hosts (Vitis spp.) were greater than those within adjacent commercial vineyards. Early in the season, male berry moth were trapped in high numbers in wooded areas adjacent to vineyards. After mid-July, males were trapped predominantly within vineyards and few were trapped in wooded edges. Movement of adults from wooded areas into vineyards is not suggested by observed patterns of female oviposition. Females oviposited primarily on wild hosts within the wooded areas and within the adjoining vineyard edges throughout the season.

scholarly journals Forewarning of incidence of Spodoptera litura (Tobacco caterpillar) in soybean and cotton using statistical and synoptic approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
N. CHATTOPADHYAY ◽  
R. BALASUBRAMANIAM ◽  
S.D. ATTRI ◽  
KAMALJEET RAY ◽  
GRACY JOHN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Trap Catches

A study on the effect of weather parameters on the the population dynamics of Spodoptera litura (S.litura) in soybean and cotton during kharif season using six years pest data (pheromone trap catches) at Niphad and Rahuri in Maharashtra showed that rainfall two weeks prior, Tmax and Tmin during the week of incidence signifiantly contributed towards the occurrence of S.litura in soybean. Maximum temperature and morning humidity during the week and one week prior were found to be favourable for the incidence of S. litura in cotton. Temperature (maximum: 26-27°C & minimum: 21-22°C), morning relative humidity (above 90%) and rainfall during one week prior were found to be congenial weather parameters for the outbreak of the pest in soybean. Similarly, maximum temperature around 32-33°C, minimum temperature around 22-23°C, morning relative humidity around 90 per cent, sunshine hours about 4 hrs day-1 and rainfall during the previous 2 weeks favoured heavy incidence of S.litura in cotton crop during flowering to boll formation stages. It is also shown how the incidence of S.litura in soybean and cotton can be predicted well in advance using the observed relationship of the pest with weather parameters as well as weather forecast.

Temporal and spatial patterns in pheromone-trap catches of Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in cotton-growing areas of Australia

1989 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Fitt ◽  
M. P. Zalucki ◽  
P. Twine
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Environmental Stochasticity ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Taylor’S Power Law ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Taylor's Power Law ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractHelicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and H. punctigera (Wallengren) are major pests of cotton and other field crops in Australia. Using data on then abundance of males in pheromone traps at many sites over three seasons, the spatial and temporal variation in trap catch of both species were examined using Taylor's power law and spatial autocorrelation. The distribution of both species was highly clumped, both temporally and spatially. Regression Coefficients for the relationship of spatial mean to variance (bs) were similar to those for noctuids in general, while similarly derived temporal values (bt) for H. armigera fell towards the upper end of the noctuid range and those for H. punctigera well above the range given by Taylor & Woiwood (1980). Taylor and colleagues suggested that patterns of dispersion are species-specific and that they reflect density-dependent patterns of movement towards and away from centres of abundance. Although the relationship between variance and mean abundance for both spatial and temporal aspects of trap catches of Helicoverpa is well fitted by Taylor's power law, it is argued that these patterns of dispersion are a consequence of demographic and environmental stochasticity. Little need is to invoke specific density-dependent behaviours as the major factor responsible in this case. In addition, while Taylor's power law indicated both species had a similar clumped distribution, limited autocorrelation analysis suggested a random dispersion of pheromone-trap catches for H. armigera and small scale patchiness (over distances of 1–2 km) in trap catches of H. punctigera.

Field investigation of an attracticide control technique using the sex pheromone of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C.A. Downham ◽  
L.J. McVeigh ◽  
G.M. Moawad
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractA series of trials examining the feasibility of an attracticide technique for control of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) are described. The technique combined the sex pheromone of S. littoralis with pyrethroid insecticide, λ-cyhalothrin, in 500 point-sources/ha at low rates of application of both components. It was envisaged that male moths would be attracted to contact the sources and subsequently suffer lethal or sub-lethal effects which would prevent mating. The pheromone was applied either as a sprayable microencapsulated (MC) formulation or in polyvinyl-chloride lures; emulsifiable concentrate and MC formulations of the insecticide were employed. Treatments were assessed by monitoring pheromone trap catches, mating of tethered females and, in one trial, numbers of eggmasses found in experimental areas. Mating levels and trap-catch in treatment plots were siginificantly reduced, compared to controls, for periods up to 5 and 24 nights after treatment, respectively. However despite a continuous period of mating suppression, achieved by repeated applications, no treatment-related reduction in egg-masses was observed. Two trials compared attracticide with mating-disruption treatments in which the insecticide was omitted. Similar levels of mating and trap-catch suppression were observed in the two treatments. It was concluded that the mating suppression observed in attracticide plots was due principally to disruption of chemical communication between the sexes, not to male mortality arising from contact with the insecticide sources. None of the attracticide treatments represented a viable control technique. Other practical and theoretical considerations arising from the results are discussed.

THE EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD AND EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES ON THE SEASONAL PHENOLOGY OF THE CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Riedl ◽  
B. A. Croft
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Geographic Population ◽  
The North ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Seasonal Heat

AbstractThe photoperiodic reaction in North American codling moth populations displayed clinal-type variation similar to populations in Europe. A latitudinal shift of 10° to the north corresponded to an increase of 1.25 h in the critical photoperiod. Intrapopulation variance in diapause response appeared to be similar in populations of different origin. The critical photoperiod was not constant for a geographic population but varied between years probably due to the modifying effect of prediapause temperatures. In Michigan and other areas in the northeastern United States with similar climate the codling moth is essentially bivoltine with considerable yearly variability in second generation emergence. A graphic model is presented which gives an estimate of voltinism and the proportion of diapausing first-generation larvae based on the seasonal heat unit total at the time of diapause initiation. From an analysis of original data and historical phenological records an algorithm was developed which describes the relationship between effective temperatures and the variance of second generation emergence and which can predict population curves for climatically different years. Use of this predictive method in conjunction with monitoring information provided by a pheromone trap is discussed.

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