THE WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY, RHAGOLETIS INDIFFERENS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE): 1. DISTRIBUTION OF THE DIAPAUSING PUPAE IN THE SOIL

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (9) ◽  
pp. 909-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. AliNiazee
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Willamette Valley ◽  
Rhagoletis Indifferens

AbstractField studies conducted in cherry orchards of the Willamette Valley, Oregon, indicate that diapausing pupae of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, overwinter in the soil at a depth of 1–4 in. Relatively very small numbers of pupae were collected from surface debris and soil samples taken at a depth of 6 in. and below. The number of flies emerging from different soil depths indicated that removal of the top 6 in. of soil caused a 99% reduction in adult emergence, while the removal of the top 1 in. of soil had no effect.

Mortality of Different Life Stages of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Exposed to the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wee L. Yee ◽  
Lawrence A. Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Rhagoletis Indifferens

Effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin on the mortality of different life stages of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), were determined in laboratory tests. When teneral adults were exposed to fungal spores mixed in soil (7.63 × 105 and 1.61 × 106 spores/g) or applied to the surface of soil (1.14 × 106 and 2.28 × 106 spores/cm2) with 13 to 30% moisture, adult emergence was not reduced, but 14.9 to 68.0% of emerging adults were infected at death. When adult flies were exposed to various concentrations of dry spores inside vials, 15 mg (4.59 × 108 spores/10 flies) was the lowest needed for 100% mortality at 7 d post exposure, and resulted in 5.96 × 106 spores adhering to each fly. Females exposed to 1.80 mg (5.51 × 107 spores/10 flies) laid as many eggs as control females between 0 and 3 d post exposure, but due to mortality infected flies laid fewer eggs between 3 and 7 d. Third-instar larvae exposed to treated soil (9.63 × 104 to 4.81 × 106 spores/cm2) with 20% moisture were not infected.

THE EFFECT OF A NEEM (AZIDIRACHTA INDICA) BASED INSECTICIDE ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF JUVENILE WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (RHAGOLETIS INDIFFERENS) (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. vanRanden ◽  
B.D. Roitberg
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
Rhagoletis Indifferens ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractIn the laboratory a proprietary, neem-based insecticide formulation (NBI) was evaluated as a potential pest management tool for the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (WCFF). NBI was tested for its potential effects on survival and development of juvenile WCFF. Incorporation of NBI into an artificial larval diet resulted in a decrease in the formation of pupae and subsequent adult emergence. Late third instar larvae exposed to NBI in sand were able to form puparia; however, the numbers of adults and pupae developing inside the puparia were decreased at concentrations as low as 0.05% NBI. Well-timed root drenches with NBI could control R. indifferens by disrupting pupation. Applied in this manner, NBI may provide cherry orchardists with an effective, new control tactic.

THE WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY, RHAGOLETIS INDIFFERENS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE): 3. DEVELOPING A MANAGEMENT PROGRAM BY UTILIZING ATTRACTANT TRAPS AS MONITORING DEVICES

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1133-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. AliNiazee
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Substantial Saving ◽  
Rhagoletis Indifferens ◽  
Monitoring Devices

AbstractAttractant traps, such as Pherocon ICPY®-MAGO trap and Pherocon®-AM Standard trap, were effective in monitoring emergence of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran. Among the aerial traps tested, ICPY-MAGO, Pherocon-AM Standard, and Saturn yellow colored rectangles and spheres were equally effective. The ammonium carbonate traps were significantly inferior. A management program that utilized aerial traps as monitoring devices reduced the amount of spraying from 20 to 100%, depending on the fly population in the orchard, and resulted in a substantial saving of spray costs.

Phenology of the sugar beet weevil, Bothynoderes punctiventris Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Croatia

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-527
Author(s):  
Z. Drmić ◽  
M. Čačija ◽  
H. Virić Gašparić ◽  
D. Lemić ◽  
R. Bažok
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Development Threshold

AbstractThe sugar beet weevil (SBW), Bothynoderes punctiventris Germar, 1824, is a significant pest in most of Eastern Europe. Here, the SBW is described and its seasonal activity characterized, in terms of its different developmental stages in relation to Julian days (JDs), degree-day accumulations (DDAs), and precipitation, as a key to improving monitoring and forecasting of the pest. The phenology and population characteristics of SBW were investigated in sugar beet fields in eastern Croatia over a 4-year period (2012–2015). By using the degree-day model (lower development threshold of 5°C, no upper development threshold, biofix 1 January), the first emergence of overwintering adults was determined as becoming established when the DDA reached 20. The adult emergence was completed when the DDA reached 428. SBW males emerged first, following which the females dominated the adult population. Overwintering adults were present in the field until early July. In August, adults of the offspring generation began to appear. The eggs laid by the overwintering generation required, on average, 10–15 days to develop into larvae; however, eggs were found in soil samples over a period of 102 days (between JDs 112 and 214). Larvae were present in the soil samples over a period of a maximum of 143 days (the first larvae were established on JD 122 and the last one on JD 265), and pupae were established in the soil over a period of 102 days (between JDs 143 and 245). This study provides important data for understanding SBW population dynamics and developing potential population dynamic models for pest forecasting on a regional scale.

scholarly journals Mushrooms of Grand Teton National Park

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Kent McKnight ◽  
Kimball Harper ◽  
Karl McKnight
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
National Park ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Quantitative Estimates

The primary overall objective of inventorying the macrofungi growing in and around Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks was partially achieved with the published checklist (McKnight 1982) and additions from the 1982 Research Center Annual Report (McKnight, Harper, & McKnight 1984). The intensive collecting of the 1982 fruiting season including a 12-week phenological study at 11 selected sites left many species unidentified and numerous others observed but not collected, or with inadequately annotated collections made. Litter and soil moisture data for the 11 study stands are also given in the 1982 annual report cited above, as well as data on 15 overstory and understory vegetation and soil parameters. Field studies in the Parks during the summer of 1983 concentrated on (1) identification of chlorophyllous and vascular plants at the 11 sites selected for concentrated study in 1982; (2) quantitative estimates of chlorophyllous plant cover and height; (3) estimates of site quality; (4) collections of composite soil samples; and (5) additional records of macrofungi for the Parks with supporting data in the form of photographs, drawings, and annotations.

Rhagoletis indifferens. [Distribution map].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
North American ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Rhagoletis Indifferens ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Rhagoletis indifferens Curran Diptera: Tephritidae Western cherry fruit fly, North American Cherry fruit fly. Attacks Prunus avium and sometimes P. virginiana, P. salicina and P. subcordata Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Canada, British Columbia, USA, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.

scholarly journals Effect of gamma radiation on the male sterility and other quality parameters of peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Mahmoud ◽  
M. Barta
Keyword(s):  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Female Fecundity ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Bactrocera Zonata ◽  
Insignificant Difference

Bactrocera zonata, a serious pest of fruits in many parts of the world, has recently been recorded in Northern Africa. Even though it has not been introduced to the European continent yet, a strong emphasis is being placed on developing effective measures to suppress this pest and to prevent it from establishing in neighbouring European countries. The sterile insect technique is widely used in integrated programmes against tephritid fruit flies and, in this paper, quality parameters of irradiated B. zonata were evaluated for possible use of sterile insect technique within the management of this pest. Pupae were irradiated (60Co) 48 h before adult emergence (in an air atmosphere) with doses of 10, 30, 50, 70 or 90 Gy. While adult emergence and egg hatch decreased with increasing dose, no significant differences in female fecundity were found among doses. Exposure of pupae to 90 Gy resulted in a total sterility of eggs laid by non-treated females crossed with treated males. Only insignificant difference in the radiation effect on female fecundity was found. Moderate effects on sex ratio and size were recorded, as they decreased gradually by increasing doses. No considerable effect on flying capability was observed, but generally, the percentage of fliers decreased with increasing radiation doses. Fried's competitiveness values of treated males (30 and 70 Gy) suggest that irradiated males compete successfully with non-irradiated ones.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Eggs and Larvae Responses to a Low-Oxygen/High-Nitrogen Atmosphere

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Farhan J.M. Al-Behadili ◽  
Manjree Agarwal ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Yonglin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Complete Control

The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the most damaging horticultural insect pests. This study used a low-oxygen/high-nitrogen bioassay to control C. capitata. Two low-oxygen treatments were applied (0.5% O2 + 99.5 N2 and 5% O2 + 95% N2) to C. capitata eggs and 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar larvae from 0 to nine days on a carrot diet at 25 °C; 70—75% RH. The pupariation, adult emergence, and sex ratios of survived flies were examined. The results demonstrate that increased mortality of all tested life stages correlated with increased exposure times at both levels of low-oxygen treatments. Complete control of eggs was achieved after eight days and nine days for larvae using 0.5% O2 at 25 °C; 70–75% RH. The 3rd instar was the most tolerant stage, while the egg was the most susceptible stage to the low-oxygen environment. There were no significant differences in sex ratios between emerged adults after low-oxygen and control treatments. The present work demonstrates and confirms the mortalities of C. capitata caused by low-oxygen treatment, which may help develop new postharvest strategies to control this destructive fruit fly pest.

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