EVALUATION OF THE TREE-BEATING METHOD FOR SAMPLING DEFOLIATING FOREST INSECTS

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. E. Harris ◽  
D. G. Collis ◽  
K. M. Magar
Keyword(s):  
Normal Population ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Present System ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Forest Insects ◽  
Disease Survey ◽  
And Control

AbstractA procedure for sampling defoliating forest insect larvae by beating them from foliage, used by the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of the Canadian Forestry Service to record population trends and predict future damage and control need in British Columbia, was tested over 150,000 acres on Vancouver Island. The parameters used were average numbers of larvae per collection and percentage positive collections. Results on the test species Acleris gloverana (Wlshm.) and Melanolophia imitata (Wlk.), on host Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg., indicated that for low (normal) population levels the present system of choosing three-tree samples along roadsides was satisfactory but that weather conditions markedly affected sample results.

scholarly journals Conferința Internațională IUFRO ”Semnificația schimbărilor actuale de mediu asupra dăunătorilor și patogenilor din ecosistemele forestiere” Suceava, 16-20 septembrie 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Mihai-Leonard Duduman ◽  
Daniela Lupaștean
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Forest Insects ◽  
Disease Survey

În perioada 16 – 20 septembrie 2019, a avut loc la Suceava cea de-a 13-a conferință internațională a Grupului de lucru IUFRO* 7.03.10 „Methodology of forest insect and disease survey in Central Europe”, cu titlul „Recent Changes in Forest Insects and Pathogens Significance”. Conferința este organizată, la fiecare 2 ani, de către universități sau institute de cercetare din domeniul forestier din Europa iar, după 19 ani, conferința revine în România. Facultatea de Silvicultură din cadrul Universităţii ”Ștefan cel Mare” a avut onoarea de a fi organizatoarea acestei manifestări științifice importante, sub coordonarea comitetului grupului de lucru IUFRO 7.03.10. La buna desfășurare a conferinței au contribuit Asociația „Societatea pentru Silvicultură si Mediu Suceava”, precum și sponsorii Regia Națională a Pădurilor Romsilva și compania AlphaScent (USA). Temele abordate în cadrul conferinței se încadrează în sfera preocupărilor privind dăunătorii și bolile care afectează pădurile din Emisfera Nordică și identificarea de soluții tehnice pentru controlul bolilor și dăunătorilor, respectiv: actualizarea informațiilor privind distribuția bolilor si dăunătorilor forestieri; identificarea si monitorizarea speciilor invazive de boli și dăunători și identificarea de soluții pentru reducerea impactului bolilor și dăunătorilor forestieri. Conferința a reunit peste 80 de participanți și invitați, cercetători și practicieni din domeniul protecției pădurilor din 19 țări, care au împărtășit rezultatele activității lor în domeniul protecției pădurilor în cadrul celor 31 de prezentări orale și a celor 28 de postere afișate. Cu sprijinul colegilor de la Direcția Silvică Suceava, Ocolul Silvic Adâncata și Ocolul Silvic Pojorâta, programul conferinței a inclus o excursie in rezervațiile naturale Pădurea Zamostea Luncă și Codrul Secular Giumalău, o ocazie rară pentru participanți de a cunoaște și admira frumusețea naturii acestui colț de țară.

Experimental Study of the Impact of Alisma plantago-aquatica Secretions on Pathogenic Bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorskyy ◽  
O. Hulay
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Popula Tions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To estimate the impact of in vivo secretions of water plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica) on the popula- tions of pathogenic bacteria Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Methods. The plants were isolated from their natural conditions, the roots were washed from the substrate residues and cultivated in laboratory conditions for 10 days to heal the damage. Then the water was changed; seven days later the selected samples were sterilized using fi lters with 0.2 μm pore diameter. The dilution of water plantain root diffusates in the experimental samples was 1:10–1:10,000. The initial density of E. rhusiopathiae bacteria populations was the same for both experimental and control samples. The estimation of the results was conducted 48 hours later. Results. When the dilution of root diffusates was 1:10, the density of erysipelothrixes in the experimental samples was 11.26 times higher than that of the control, on average, the dilution of 1:100 − 6.16 times higher, 1:1000 – 3.22 times higher, 1:10,000 – 1.81 times higher, respectively. Conclusions. The plants of A. plantago-aquatica species are capable of affecting the populations of E. rhusiopathiae pathogenic bacteria via the secretion of biologically active substances into the environment. The consequences of this interaction are positive for the abovementioned bacteria, which is demon- strated by the increase in the density of their populations in the experiment compared to the control. The intensity of the stimulating effect on the populations of E. rhusiopathiae in the root diffusates of A. plantago-aquatica is re- ciprocally dependent on the degree of their dilution. The investigated impact of water plantain on erysipelothrixes should be related to the topical type of biocenotic connections, the formation of which between the test species in the ecosystems might promote maintaining the potential of natural focus of rabies. Keywords: Alisma plantago-aquatica, in vivo secretions, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, population density, topical type of connections.

The Message of “APEC Blue” for the Prevention and Control of Urban Air Pollution in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 1650027
Author(s):  
Rong ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutant ◽  
And Control

Analysis of the meteorological conditions for atmospheric pollutant dispersion before and after the 2014 APEC meeting shows very significant effects of air pollution prevention and control measures on the meeting. It proves that the proper measures to control air pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region are: establishing a regional emergency response mechanism to reduce emissions in the case of heavy air pollution, strengthening the local emergency response measures for emission reduction, and enhancing the early warning system for weather conditions conducive to heavy air pollution.

The Caragana Aphid, Acyrthosiphon caraganae (Cholod.) in Western Canada, and its Separation from the Pea Aphid

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1075-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Robinson ◽  
G. A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Disease Survey ◽  
Caragana Arborescens

Except for occasional references in the Annual Reports of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of infestations of an aphid on caragana (Caragana arborescens Lam.) in Western Canada and a note on chemical control (Bradley, 1952), there is no published record known to the authors of the occurrence of the caragana aphid, Acyrthosiphon caraganae (Cholod.), in North America. MacNay (1953) summarized reports that severe infesrations of aphids, “probably mainly the caragana aphid”, occurred on caragana in 1952 in the East Kootenays of British Columbia, and at several places in Alberta and Saskatchewan. At some localities 100 per cent defoliation was reported.

scholarly journals Electrochemically activated solutions in beekeeping

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
O. Musienko ◽  
O. Kysterna ◽  
D. Demyanenko
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Active Sodium ◽  
Ascosphaera Apis ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
And Control ◽  
Test Objects

The article studies in detail the disease of the mixed form of infectious diseases of honey bee brood. The characteristics of pathogens, features of diagnostics and control of this disease of honey bees are indicated. When conducting epizootic monitoring of bee diseases encountered in surveyed apiaries, it was found that a large percentage of mycosis lesions is associated with the weakening of bee families resulting from adverse weather conditions and insufficient feed base (50-68.3 %). It was further complicated by the process of varrosy invasion, which occurred in all surveyed apiaries with an invasion intensity of more than 4%. In studying the effect of weather conditions on the epizootic process, a peculiarity of the course of infectious breeding diseases in the bee family was established. It was characterized by the onset of symptoms of ascospherosis (solid chalky pieces in the cell and at the bottom of the hive) during periods of adverse weather (cold, prolonged rain). Symptoms of ascospherosis appeared not only in healthy families but also in families undergoing treatment. During the laboratory examination of dead larvae, cultures of different pathogens were isolated. A study of the contamination of cellular honey, which was selected from sick and conditionally healthy bee families, indicated that Ascosphaera apis culture was more commonly isolated and 100% contaminated. We also calculated the epizootic index of infectious diseases of bees that were found on the apiaries surveyed. Ascospherosis was found to be the longest recorded in comparison with other infectious diseases and the epizootic index was accordingly higher. And the development of European foulbroods, other types of rot and aspergillosis occurred against the background of bee ascospherosis. In a study of intestinal toxic effects of active sodium hypochlorite at concentrations of 0.7%, 0.5% and 0.25% a.d., it was found that the drug did not cause bee death within 72 hours after feeding in any group of bees. Active sodium hypochlorite effectively decontaminates test objects at a concentration of 2.5 g / l for two hours. When using cells from sick families, the concentration of 5.0 g / l was effective.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis and Geographic Factors Associated with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southern Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Sharafi ◽  
Zahra Poormotaseri ◽  
Jalal Karimi ◽  
Shahab Rezaeian ◽  
Seyedeh Leila Dehghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
And Control

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the hotspot areas for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) in Fasa city and assess the relations between the geographical factors with CL incidence using spatial analysis. Materials and Methods: This ecological study was conducted in Fasa city, data of the CL disease such as the total number of CL cases and the population at risk from 2009 to 2014. Weather conditions' data including the means of temperature, humidity, rainfall, sunny days, rainy days, and evaporation were collected from the weather forecast centers in Fars province. The disease cases' information such as the number of disease cases was collected from all healthcare centers located in Fasa City. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Global Moran’s Index (GMI) were used to assess the associations of the various environmental variables with CL incidence and to map clustering of CL cases across the region. Results: The cumulative incidence of CL was 16 per 10,000 populations during a six-year period. The results showed the southern area of Fasa as a hotspot area which is considered as hyperendemic foci for CL. OLS revealed a high incidence of CL in areas with maximum temperature, mean of temperature, mean of evaporation, sunny days and wind velocity. Conclusion: A spatial disease pattern was found in the present study. Hence, substantial consideration to environmental data leads to not only suitable protection against CL but also designing a suitable measure for the prevention and control of the disease.

scholarly journals Changing paradigms in the management of forest insect disturbances

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (S1) ◽  
pp. S7-S18 ◽  
Author(s):  
René I. Alfaro ◽  
David Langor
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Forest Entomology ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
And Control

AbstractFrom the early descriptive work, focussed on documenting the forest insect fauna and the impacts of destructive species, Canadian forest entomology has passed through several distinct phases, each triggered by new societal demands of forests and of forest entomologists. We review the various stages that Canadian forest entomology gone through in the last 100 years. Following the initial descriptive and cataloguing phase, forest entomology entered a pest control or forest protection phase, which eventually evolved into the integrated pest management (IPM) era. Although IPM dominated the forest entomology discourse for at least two decades, this approach is now considered to be narrow and pest-centric and is being superseded by a more holistic approach where the emphasis is on ensuring the health and sustainability of forests at landscape levels. The new trends point away from the “command and control” approach of attempting to eradicate pests or reducing pest damage, and towards working with natural processes in the context of ecosystem management. We indicate several areas where 21st century forest entomology could make a contribution towards the sustainable management of Canadian forests.

In-room assessment of intravascular velocity from time-resolved rotational angiography in patients with arteriovenous malformation: a pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Jung Lin ◽  
Huai Che Yang ◽  
Ai Chi Chien ◽  
Wan Yuo Guo ◽  
Chih Chun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Ratio ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Velocity Estimation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rotational Angiography ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Carotid Canal ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Waveform Amplitude ◽  
And Control

BackgroundTime-resolved rotational angiography (t-RA) enables interventionists to better comprehend complex arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), thereby facilitating endovascular treatment. However, its use in evaluating hemodynamic changes has rarely been explored.ObjectiveThis study uses t-RA to estimate intravascular flow in patients with AVM to compare this with flow in the normal population.MethodsPatients with available t-RA scans were prospectively categorized into one of three groups: hemorrhagic AVM, non-hemorrhagic AVM and control. Pulsatile time–density curves (TDCs) for C1, C6 and VOIMCA were used for amplitude and velocity estimation. C1 was at the cervical internal carotid artery (ICA), 2–3 cm below the carotid canal, C6 was at the paraclinoid segment of the ICA, and VOIMCA was at the junction of the first and second segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). A waveform amplitude ratio was defined as (peak − trough)/trough contrast intensity. VICA was defined as the distance between C6 and C1 divided by the time required for the wave to pass, and correspondingly, the average velocity of MCA (VMCA) was defined as the distance between C6 and VOIMCA divided by the duration for the same peak to travel from C6 and VOIMCA, AVM volume was estimated by MR angiography.ResultsAmplitude ratios AC1 and AC6, and average flow velocities VICA and VMCA were significantly larger in the non-hemorrhagic group than in the control group, while the hemorrhagic AVM group was not significantly different from the controls. VICA and VMCA showed moderate to good correlations with AVM volume (r=0.51 and 0.73, respectively). VMCA (33.0±9.1) was significantly lower than VICA (41.3±13.2) in the control group, but not in the two AVM groups.ConclusionTDC waveform propagation derived from t-RA can quantify hemodynamic differences between AVM and the control group. t-RA provides both real-time anatomic and hemodynamic evaluation, and can thus potentially improve the interventional workflow.

Mesocosm study of microalgae in different weather conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munay Abdulqadir Alteerah ◽  
Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai ◽  
Hishamuddin Omar ◽  
Ahmad Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Wet And Dry Cycles ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Microalgae have valuable contributions in carbon dioxide sequestration. There are no much investigations about motivation of mix microalgae productivity in outdoor cultures. This study aims to evaluate microalgae biomass production in outdoor mesocosms under different weather conditions. The experiment was done in Tilapia pond in the hatchery of fisheries of Universiti Putra Malaysia. Weather parameters were recorded daily. Microalgae seeds were obtained from Tilapia pond effluent and added to eight floating aerated mesocosms. Mesocosms were divided into four treatments. Two g triple supper phosphate: 20g Urea were used as fertilizers. Physical and chemical conditions, microalgae primary productivity and biomass, and species composition were measured every two days. Three cycles were categorized as mix, wet and dry cycles based on weather recording scores. Water quality parameters in Treatments and controls cultures showed significant variations. Primary production variables were higher in the fertilized non-sheltered mesocosms (treatment 1). Productivity variables were lower in the dry cycle and higher in the mix cycle. The highest value of fixed CO2 was (3.2) mg/L/d in treatment 1 in the mix cycle, while the lowest value was (0.11) mg/L/d in treatment 3 and control 1 in dry cycle. Changes in weather patterns are seen in the light and temperature values. Microalgae biomass was lower in dry weather conditions because of effect of high air temperature. Weather conditions and different treatments significantly influenced microalgae species composition, due to the sensitivity in some of them to different light intensities. Chlorophytes were the most abundant due to their ability to adapt with different culture conditions.

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