Flutuação Populacional de Diclidophlebia sp. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) em Miconia sellowiana Naudin 1851 (Melastomataceae) em Curitiba, Paraná

Imaturos e adultos de psilídeos causam diversos danos às plantas, pela sucção de seiva e injeção de toxinas o que induz, muitas das vezes, à deformação de folhas e brotações, levando a necrose, senescência de folhas e em algumas espécies, a formação de galhas. Dentre eles, o gênero Diclidophlebia Crawford, contém 25 espécies descritas sendo que sete delas atacam Melastomatacea. Miconia sellowiana é uma planta pioneira, com ampla distribuição e, no Paraná é encontrada em várias regiões fitogeográficas. Este trabalho apresenta dados relativos à flutuação populacional de uma espécie de Diclidophlebia sp. em M. sellowiana. O presente trabalho foi realizado na “Reserva Mata Viva” do Centro Politécnico da Universidade Federal do Paraná, em Curitiba, PR. Coletas quinzenais entre maio/2018 e julho/2019 foram realizadas para obtenção de ovos, imaturos e adultos do psilídeo. Os dados meteorológicos (temperatura, umidade e precipitação) foram obtidos do Sistema Meteorológico do Paraná – Simepar. Foram obtidos 1.013 ovos, 866 imaturos e 1.101 adultos. A presente pesquisa permitiu ampliar a compreender sobre a flutuação populacional de Diclidophlebia sp.. Os resultados mostraram que as baixas temperaturas são favoráveis para a produção de ovos e adultos do psilídio, mas não afeta os imaturos. Os demais fatores climáticos analisados não tiveram influência em nenhuma fase do ciclo de vida do Diclidophlebia sp., apesar de ocorrem baixas coletas no período mais chuvoso. Além disso, pelo fato de a espécie ter sido coletada em todas as fases de desenvolvimento e em todos os meses do ano fica evidenciando o seu polivoltinismo. Palavras-chave: Entomologia Florestal. Liviinae. Melastomatacea. Abstract Immatures and adults of psyllids cause several damages to the plants, by the sap suction and toxins injection which often lead to the leaves and buds deformation, necrosis, leaves senescence and in some species, the galls formation. Among them, the genus Diclidophlebia Crawford, containing 25 described species, seven of which attack Melastomatacea. Miconia sellowiana is a pioneer plant, with wide distribution and, in Paraná it is found in several phytogeographic regions. This work presents data related to the population fluctuation of a species of Diclidophlebia sp. in M. sellowiana. The present work was carried out in “Reserva Mata Viva” of Polytechnical Center of Federal University of, in Curitiba – PR. Biweekly collections between May/2018 and July/2019 were carried out to obtainimmature and adults eggs. Meteorological data (temperature, humidity and precipitation) were obtained from the Paraná Meteorological System - Simepar. During the experiment, 1,013 eggs, 866 immature and 1,101 adults were obtained. This research allowed us to broaden our understanding of the population fluctuation of Diclidophlebia sp.. The results showed that low temperatures are favorable for the eggs and adults production of the psyllid, but it does not affect the immature ones.The other climatic factors analyzed had no influence on any stage of the life cycle of Diclidophlebia sp., despite low collections in the rainiest period. In addition, due to the fact that the species was collected in all the development stages and in all months of the year, evidencing thus its polyvoltinism. Keywords: Forest Entomology. Liviinae. Melastomatacea.

Changing paradigms in the management of forest insect disturbances

From the early descriptive work, focussed on documenting the forest insect fauna and the impacts of destructive species, Canadian forest entomology has passed through several distinct phases, each triggered by new societal demands of forests and of forest entomologists. We review the various stages that Canadian forest entomology gone through in the last 100 years. Following the initial descriptive and cataloguing phase, forest entomology entered a pest control or forest protection phase, which eventually evolved into the integrated pest management (IPM) era. Although IPM dominated the forest entomology discourse for at least two decades, this approach is now considered to be narrow and pest-centric and is being superseded by a more holistic approach where the emphasis is on ensuring the health and sustainability of forests at landscape levels. The new trends point away from the “command and control” approach of attempting to eradicate pests or reducing pest damage, and towards working with natural processes in the context of ecosystem management. We indicate several areas where 21st century forest entomology could make a contribution towards the sustainable management of Canadian forests.

Historical trends in Canadian forest entomology

Canada has a distinguished history of research in forest entomology. The number of peer-reviewed publications emanating from studies in forest entomology in Canada greatly increased following the Second World War. Much of the outstanding historical success in Canadian forest entomological research is attributable to the work of entomologists employed by the Canadian Forest Service, who authored the majority of studies until the mid 1970s and usually published them in The Canadian Entomologist. Since that time the majority of studies have been published by Canadian universities in a broad range of journals. Most early research in forest entomology in Canada was carried out by men, but since that time the proportion of forest entomological research carried out by women has increased significantly. The majority of research in central and eastern Canada focussed on defoliators and their natural enemies and host plants whereas the majority of research in western Canada examined bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and their natural enemies and host plants. Although publications on defoliators and their natural enemies have occurred continuously throughout the historical development of forest entomology in Canada, the numbers of publications on wood borers (Coleoptera: Buprestidae, Cerambycidae) and bark beetles and their natural enemies have never been higher than they are presently.

Ocorrência de Lagartas Desaciculadoras em Podocarpus lambertii Klotzsh ex Eichler no Sul do Brasil

O presente estudo objetivou identificar lagartas que se alimentam de acículas de Podocarpus lambertii Klotzsh ex Eichler (Podocarpaceae) no Sul do Brasil, e descrever algumas características de sua herbivoria. Para tanto, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2011, em um remanescente de floresta ripária localizada no município de São Sepé, Rio Grande do Sul, foram realizadas três coletas, em 10 árvores de P. lambertii, utilizando-se uma rede entomológica de copa. Após escolhidas as árvores, a metodologia de coleta compreendia na colocação do saco da rede sob o galho da planta, procedendo-se 10 sacudidas por galho. As lagartas coletadas foram acondicionadas em recipientes plásticos e levadas ao Laboratório de Entomologia Florestal da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, em Santa Maria, RS. Em laboratório, as lagartas encontradas em P. lambertii foram mantidas em ambiente com temperatura controlada 25 ± 1ºC, umidade relativa do ar de 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas, até atingirem o estágio adulto. As espécies de lagartas desaciculadoras, total de duas, foram identificadas como Eupithecia sp. (Geometridae: Larentiinae) e Cyclophora annularis (Felder & Rogenhofer) (Geometridae: Sterrhinae). Ambas as espécies apresentaram o comportamento de consumir toda a acícula, iniciando pelo ápice em direção a base do pecíolo. Assim, conclui-se que as espécies de lagartas descritas, alimentam-se das acículas de P. lambertii, causando o desaciculamento das plantas. Este é o primeiro registro de ocorrência de Eupithecia sp. e C. annularis para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Occurrence of Acicula-Eating Caterpillars on Podocarpus lambertii Klotzsh ex Eichler in Southern Brazil Abstract. The present study aimed to identify caterpillars that feed on needles of Podocarpus lambertii Klotzsh ex Eichler (Podocarpaceae) in southern Brazil, and to describe some characteristics of it herbivory. For that, from September to December 2011, in a forest riparian located in the municipality of São Sepé, Rio Grande do Sul, three collections were performed on 10 trees of P. lambertii, using a entomological net canopy. After chosen the trees, the collection methodology consisted in placing the bag under the branch network of the plant is proceeding ten rocked by branch. The collected larvae were placed in plastic containers and brought to the Laboratory of Forest Entomology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS. In the laboratory, caterpillars found in P. lambertii were kept in an environment with controlled temperature 25 ± 1 °C, relative humidity 70 ± 10% and photoperiod of 12 hours, until they reach the adult stage. Defoliating species of caterpillars, total of two, were identified as Eupithecia sp. (Geometridae: Larentiinae) and Cyclophora annularis (Felder & Rogenhofer) (Geometridae: Sterrhinae). Both species have the behavior of consuming whole acicula, starting with the apex toward the base of the petiole. Thus, it is concluded that the described species of caterpillars, feed on the needles of P. lambertii, causing defoliating plants. This is the first occurrence of Eupithecia sp. and C. annularis for the state of Rio Grande do Sul.