LABORATORY ECOLOGY OF THE RED-BACKED CUTWORM, EUXOA OCHROGASTER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Matings ◽  
Euxoa Ochrogaster ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Night Period ◽  
Duration Of Development

AbstractBiology of the red-backed cutworm, Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée), was studied in the laboratory to provide new knowledge and for comparison with other cutworm species. The eggs possessed a moderately severe diapause that was terminated more quickly at 5 °C than at higher and lower temperatures. Intensity was related to temperatures of incubation. The eggs were fairly resistant to desiccation. The duration of development of embryos, larvae, and pupae varied inversely with temperature. A diurnal rhythm occurred in emergence of moths from pupae and during oviposition; more than 60% emerged and 85% or more eggs were laid during the night period. Moths mated in the dark. Multiple matings were common, ranging from one to seven and averaging two or three. Egg development at emergence was rudimentary but it accelerated with age after emergence. The preoviposition period in the laboratory averaged 8 days. The mean oviposition per female was 411 and ranged from 251 to 705. Maximum longevity of both sexes was approximately 20 days.

Mating and Oviposition of the Pale Western Cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morrison (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in the Laboratory

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 994-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Maximum Distance ◽  
Bursa Copulatrix ◽  
Flight Mill ◽  
Early Evening ◽  
Multiple Matings ◽  
Honey Solution ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractIn the laboratory 90.7% of both sexes of moths of the pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morrison, emerged from pupae between noon and midnight; almost half emerged between 2 and 4 p.m. Mating, evidenced by spermatophores in the bursa copulatrix, occurred almost always at night, within 3 days of emergence, and at temperatures between 5 and 35 °C. Most females mated only once. Multiple matings, with a maximum of 3 times, occurred in less than 20% of females. Males mated with a maximum of three females. Eggs developed during the pupal stage and were ready for fertilization when the moths emerged. Oviposition began on the first or second day after mating, peaked soon after, and continued until just prior to death of females. Maximum oviposition by one female was 564 eggs, with means from 90 to 342. Oviposition occurred at all temperatures from 5 to 35 °C. with an optimum between 10 and 25 °C. More eggs were laid in the dark or in subdued light than in continuous bright light. Females when unfed could oviposit but when fed water or sugar solutions they laid more eggs. Longevity varied directly with feeding and inversely with temperature. Mean longevity of moths fed honey solution in the laboratory was 12 days for both sexes. A diurnal rhythm of oviposition occurred with distinct peaks; 80% or more of the eggs were laid between noon and early evening. Rhythm of oviposition was apparently initiated by light and could be reversed by reciprocal light regimens but was maintained in continuous dark or light. The maximum distance flown on a flight mill was 14.7 miles for males and 3.5 miles for females. Speed varied from less than 1 to almost 3 m.p.h.

PHENOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE STATUS OF ADULT REDBACKED CUTWORMS, EUXOA OCHROGASTER (GUENÉE) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Gerber ◽  
J. Walkof
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Euxoa Ochrogaster ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Redbacked Cutworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe phenology and reproductive status of adults of the redbacked cutworm, Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée), were determined from blacklight (BLT) and sex-attractant (SAT) trap catches at four locations in southern Manitoba in 1987 through 1989. The flight period was of 9–12 weeks duration, extending from late June to early October. The first male and female moths were captured at about the same time in the BLT and SAT. The peak catches of the BLT occurred during the first 3 weeks of August (weeks 5 and 6 of the flight period) and those of the SAT about 1 week later. The SAT continued to capture male moths for 2–3 weeks after the last moths appeared in the BLT. Most females captured during the first 2–3 weeks of the flight period were virgins who had not yet initiated egg development. Most mating, egg development, and oviposition took place during a 3- to 4-week period that included the 2 weeks before, the same week as, and the week after the peak BLT catches (weeks 3–7 of the flight period); these activities occurred in the 3–4 weeks before the peak SAT catches. The data suggested that there was competition between SAT and females in attracting males and, consequently, the SAT catch data may not be providing accurate measurements of the sizes of breeding populations of males in the field. The BLT catches underestimated the length of the flight period by about 1.5–3 weeks.

Diurnal changes in the plasma concentrations of LH and hypothalamic contents of LHRH-I and LHRH-II in the domestic hen

1991 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Wilson ◽  
R. T. Gladwell ◽  
F. J. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Posterior Hypothalamus ◽  
Anterior Hypothalamus ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Times ◽  
Lh Secretion

ABSTRACT Diurnal changes of LH secretion in sexually immature hens of 9, 11, 13 and 15 weeks of age consisted of 25–40% increases in the mean concentrations of LH in plasma between 15.00 and 18.00 h, i.e. between 2 h before and 1 h after the onset of darkness. During this time there was a tendency for the mean contents of LHRH-I in the anterior hypothalamus and posterior hypothalamus to increase by 21–74% and 20–56% respectively. In hens of 9 and 15 weeks, diurnal changes in the plasma concentration of LH closely paralleled those of LHRH-I content in the posterior hypothalamus. In contrast, the diurnal rhythm of LH secretion in hens of 11 and 13 weeks was more marked and plasma concentrations of LH continued to rise steeply between 18.00 and 21.00 h, i.e. between 1 and 4 h after the onset of darkness. At 11 weeks, this was associated with a reduction (P<0·01) in the contents of LHRH-I and LHRH-II, particularly in the anterior hypothalamus. In laying hens, a diurnal decline (P<0·01) in the plasma concentration of LH between 1 and 4 h after the onset of darkness was preceded by a fall (P<0·05) in the content of LHRH-I in the posterior hypothalamus and in the total hypothalamic content of LHRH-II (P<0·01). In all groups of hens, irrespective of the times of day at which tissue was taken, significant (P<0·05–<0·001) correlations between the contents of LHRH-I and LHRH-II in the anterior hypothalamus were observed. It is concluded that a diurnal rhythm of release of LHRH-I may drive the diurnal rhythm of LH secretion. Thus, in sexually immature hens of 9 and 15 weeks and laying hens in which diurnal changes in plasma LH were small there were parallel changes in the content of LHRH-I in the posterior hypothalamus. However, where the plasma concentration of LH was increased substantially, as at 11 weeks, there was a decline in the hypothalamic contents of LHRH-I. A simultaneous fall in the hypothalamic content of LHRH-II raises the possibility of a causal relationship between the activities of LHRH-II, LHRH-I and the release of LH. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 130, 457–462

Diurnal rhythm in expression and release of yolk protein in the testis of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kotwica ◽  
Ewa Joachimiak ◽  
Marta A. Polanska ◽  
Magdalena M. Majewska ◽  
Jadwiga M. Giebultowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Yolk Protein ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Effects of light and food on plasma leptin concentrations in ewes

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tokuda ◽  
T. Matsui ◽  
H. Yano
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Pulse Length ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Pulse Plasma ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Leptin

AbstractPlasma leptin concentration shows pulsatility and diurnal rhythm in humans. However, there are few reports concerning the 24-h profile of circulating leptin levels in ruminants. Five crossbred ewes were housed in metabolism cages under a 1-h light-dark cycle. The ewes were offered alfalfa hay daily to meet their energy requirement. Blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 24 h. Plasma leptin concentrations were determined using a radioimmunoassay and the profile of plasma leptin levels was analysed by the PULSAR algorithmic program for detecting pulse. Plasma leptin concentration changed in a pulsatile fashion. The mean leptin concentration was 2·93 ng/ml. The mean pulse frequency was 4·8 pulses per day and the mean pulse amplitude was 0·67 ng/ml with an average pulse length of 1:13 h. Plasma leptin level was not affected by feeding or lighting cycle. These results indicate that plasma leptin level in sheep shows pulsatility but diurnal rhythm is not exhibited.

Some aspects of the life cycle of the tick ixodes pilosus under laboratory conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Rechav
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
The Mean

Some aspects of the life cycle of the tick Ixodes pilosus were studied under laboratory conditions. The preoviposition period was 7,2 ± 0,6 d. Maximum egg production was on Day 4 after oviposition commenced, with total egg production of 2 395 ± 128,7 eggs per female. The mean feeding time of larvae was 3,3 ± 0,1 d. The life cycle could not be completed due to the specific requirements of this species.

VII.—The Dynamics of Cyclones and Anticyclones. Part III

1916 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 174-185
Author(s):  
John Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Isothermal Layer ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Mean

In 1900 I communicated to this Society a paper on the above subject. Since that date a great deal of information has been obtained by means of free balloons carrying instruments which recorded the temperature, humidity, and pressure of the air up to great elevations. Much of this new knowledge seems to contradict our previous ideas, and does not seem to fit into the old convectional theory that cyclones are formed by the rising of the hot, moist air from the surface of the earth; their energy being due to their temperature and to the heat liberated by the condensation of the water vapour in them. We are told by those who have studied the bearing of the new knowledge on our atmospheric circulation that the old theory is “utterly untenable.” Their reasons for this conclusion are, first, that the recent investigations show that the air is colder in cyclones than in anticyclones; second, that the isothermal layer is lower than the mean over cyclones, while it is higher than the mean over anticyclones. At first sight these discoveries seem to shatter the convectional theory, but before we come to any conclusion I should like to present certain facts which it appears to me will require to be considered before we scrap our old ideas.

scholarly journals Biology of Anicla infecta (Ochsenheimer, 1816) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae), under laboratory conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. TESTON ◽  
A. SPECHT ◽  
E. CORSEUIL
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Larvae of Anicla infecta (Ochsenheimer, 1816) (Noctuidae) feed upon many grasses and may be harmful to cereals and fodder of economic importance. This study was developed aiming to contribute to knowledge of the biology of this species. The rearing was done in an environmental chamber with the following settings: temperature of 25 ± 1ºC; relative humidity of 70% <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 10%, and photoperiod of L14: D10. The larvae fed on ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. The results express the mean and standard error for the length of every stage in days. For each stage we observed the following time of development: egg 3.2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.09; larvae 18.7 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.07; pre-pupae 3.3 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.04; pupae 12.6 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.14; and adult longevity was 12.1 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 1.03. Also the pre-egg-laying period was 4.4 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.59; the egg-laying period was 8.1 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.84; and the post-egg-laying period was 0.3 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.14. The mean number of egg-laying cycles per female was 6.7 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.73; that of eggs per cycle was 77.5 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 4.37; and total eggs per female was 521.4 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 47.36.

Seasonal Patterns of Protoschinia scutosa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Migration Across China’s Bohai Strait

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyuan Zhao ◽  
Xiaowei Fu ◽  
Jianglong Guo ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Kris A G Wyckhuys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Light Trapping ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Trapping Field ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Trapping Number ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bohai Strait

Abstract The spotted clover moth, Protoschinia scutosa (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important polyphagous pest that is widely distributed in the world. P. scutosa overwinters as pupae in agricultural soils in Northern China. Yet, it is unclear whether P. scutosa also engages in seasonal migration over mid- to long-range distances. In this study, we employ light trapping, field surveys, and ovarian dissection of captured adults over a 2003–2015 time period to assess P. scutosa migration in Northern China. Our work shows that P. scutosa migrates across the Bohai Strait seasonally; the mean duration of its windborne migration period was 121.6 d, and the mean trapping number was 1053.6 moths. Nightly catches of P. scutosa were significantly different between months, but the differences between years were not significant. During 2009–2011 and 2013, the monthly proportion of migrating females (65.5%) was significantly higher than that of males and showed no difference between months. In May to June, the majority of females (May: 63.0%; June: 61.1%) were mated individuals with relatively high level of ovarian development; however, in August and September, most females were unmated. The mean proportion of mated females was significantly different across months but did not differ between years. The results of long-term searchlight trapping and ovarian dissection indicate that P. scutosa exhibits a seasonal characteristic of typical population dynamics and reproductive development of migratory insects. Our work sheds light upon key facets of P. scutosa ecology and facilitates the future development of pest forecasting systems and pest management schemes.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE PETT VISUAL TEST FOR VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY

1941 ◽  
Vol 19b (4) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
L. B. Pett ◽  
Marian K. Lipkind
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Learning Effect ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Visual Test ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Test Room ◽  
The Mean

Under the conditions prescribed for the Pett test, which is described, it has been found that: (i) antecedent light does not affect the median of the three tests usually performed; (ii) no error results from the wearing or not wearing of glasses; (ii) the use of pilocarpine to contract the pupils is not advisable; (iv) some light may be admitted into the test room; (v) the time of exposure to the bright light (30 sec.) is suitable; (vi) repeated tests cause a 'learning' effect so rarely as to be of little concern; (vii) the standard error of the mean is ±1.4 and of the median is ±2.4 sec. Some results are presented suggesting that a diurnal rhythm in the vitamin A content of the blood exists.

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