ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS OF EGG PROTEINS FROM SEVERAL INSECT TAXA

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1256-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Salkeld
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Egg Protein ◽  
Family Resemblances ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractEgg-protein patterns from 23 insect species representing seven orders were obtained by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The patterns were species specific and highly reproducible. Those for congeneric species were very similar and family resemblances were apparent. The usefulness of egg-protein patterns in phylogenetic studies and in the analysis of closely related species was suggested.

scholarly journals Repeated evolution of asymmetric genitalia and right-sided mating behavior in theDrosophila nannopteraspecies group

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Acurio ◽  
Flor T. Rhebergen ◽  
Sarah Paulus ◽  
Virginie Courtier-Orgogozo ◽  
Michael Lang
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genital Morphology ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Outgroup Species ◽  
Repeated Evolution ◽  
Drosophila Pachea ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Group Species

AbstractBackgroundMale genitals have repeatedly evolved left-right asymmetries, and the causes of such evolution remain unclear. TheDrosophila nannopteragroup contains four species, among which three exhibit left-right asymmetries of distinct genital organs. In the most studied species,Drosophila pachea, males display asymmetric genital lobes and they mate right-sided on top of the female. Copulation position of the other species is unknown.ResultsTo assess whether the evolution of genital asymmetry could be linked to the evolution of one-sided mating, we examined phallus morphology and copulation position inD. pacheaand closely related species. The phallus was found to be symmetric in all investigated species exceptD. pachea, which display an asymmetric phallus with a right-sided gonopore, andD. acanthoptera, which harbor an asymmetrically bent phallus. In all examined species, males were found to position themselves symmetrically on top of the female, except inD. pacheaandD. nannoptera, where males mated right-sided, in distinctive, species-specific positions. In addition, the copulation duration was found to be increased innannopteragroup species compared to closely related outgroup species.ConclusionOur study shows that gains, and possibly losses, of asymmetry in genital morphology and mating position have evolved repeatedly in thenannopteragroup. Current data does not allow us to conclude whether genital asymmetry has evolved in response to changes in mating position, or vice versa.

scholarly journals Cosmocercoid Nematode parasites from Frogs of Southern Africa

Koedoe ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R Baker
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
African Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Pan African ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Cosmocerca Ornata

A survey of cosmocercoid nematode parasites of frogs in southern Africa revealed the presence of five species: Aplectana degraaffi n. sp. from Breviceps sylvestris of Transvaal, A. capensis n. sp. from Breviceps rosei and B. montanus of the southern Cape, A. macintoshii (Stewart, 1914), A. chamaeleonis (Baylis, 1929), Cosmocerca ornata (Dujardin^ 1845) from various frog species throughout the region. Aplectana degraaffi n. sp. differs from all other congeneric species in the possession of a characteristic projection on the distal part of the spicule shaft. Aplectana capensis n. sp. differs from the closely related species A. macintosh!! in the morphology and distribution of the caudal papillae in males and the shape of the capitulum of the spicules. Aplectana degraaffi and A. capensis are probably restricted in distribution and evolved respectively as vicariants of the pan-African species A. chamaeleonis and A. macintosh!!.

Altitudinal Variation in, and Morphological Divergence between, Three Related Species of Grasshopper, Praxibulus sp., Kosciuscola cognatus and K. usitatus (Orthoptera:Acrididae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Campbell ◽  
JM Dearn
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Altitudinal Variation ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Parallel Change ◽  
Variable Character ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Approach ◽  
Species Specific

Morphological variation between and within the closely related species Praxibuius sp.. Kosciuscola cognatus and K. usiratus has been examined along three independent altitudinal transects, by a multivariate statistical approach. The analyses, which were restricted to males. show that there is complete morphological separation between the three species. Moreover. there are species-specific patterns of character correlation which are consistent and relatively invariant within species, and do not exhibit altitudinal variation. The results suggest that there exist both distinct invariant species-specific character patterns and variable character patterns showing intraspecific variation. It is concluded that speciation in these grasshoppers could have involved genetic changes quite distinct from those involved in local intraspecific adaptation. Two further results are: first. evidence has been obtained for character displacement between Kosciuscola cognaius and Praxibulus sp. in an area of extensive sympatry: second. populations of K. cognatus along one transect, with a karyotype intermediate between typical K. cognatus and X usiiatus, show a parallel change in morphology towards that characteristic of K. usiiatus.

scholarly journals THE RIBOSOMES OF DROSOPHILA. III. RNA AND PROTEIN HOMOLOGY BETWEEN D. MELANOGASTER AND D. VIRILIS

Genetics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-585
Author(s):  
Lee Weber ◽  
Edward Berger ◽  
Charles Vaslet ◽  
Barry Yedvobnick
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Sequence Homology ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Filter Hybridization ◽  
Hemolymph Protein ◽  
Larval Hemolymph ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACT The extent of interspecific homology between D. melanogaster and D. virilis for ribosomal RNA and ribosomal protein was examined using the techniques of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and RNA-DNA filter hybridization. Only 2 of the 71 ribosomal proteins resolved were found to be species specific, while comparisons of soluble larval hemolymph protein patterns showed little similarity. Depending on the technique employed, the sequence homology for 18S + 28S ribosomal RNA was found to be between 83-94%, and sequence homology for 5S rRNA was judged to be complete.

Review of the leafhopper genus Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin, 1946 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae: Agalliini) from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4821 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-276
Author(s):  
DMITRI YU. TISHECHKIN
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Allopatric Speciation ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Male Calling ◽  
Species Specific

In Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia the genus Anaceratagallia includes 14 species from two subgenera; all species except one belong to the nominotypical subgenus and can be classified into four groups according to the structure of male genitalia. The illustrated descriptions for all species are given, with male calling signal oscillograms provided for nine species. Ten new synonyms are established. Comparative investigation of morphological and acoustic characters of Anaceratagallia species showed that small differences in the structure of male genitalia and 2nd abdominal apodemes are not species-specific traits. All species studied in nature appeared to be polyphagous feeding on different species of herbaceous dicotyledons. It is assumed that closely related species within each group of the subgenus Anaceratagallia arose as a result of allopatric speciation and became secondarily sympatric due to subsequent range expansions.

scholarly journals Different functions for homologous serotonergic interneurons and serotonin in species-specific rhythmic behaviours

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1654) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Newcomb ◽  
Paul S Katz
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Pattern Generator ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Serotonin Antagonist ◽  
Tritonia Diomedea ◽  
Specific Behaviour ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Closely related species can exhibit different behaviours despite homologous neural substrates. The nudibranch molluscs Tritonia diomedea and Melibe leonina swim differently, yet their nervous systems contain homologous serotonergic neurons. In Tritonia , the dorsal swim interneurons (DSIs) are members of the swim central pattern generator (CPG) and their neurotransmitter serotonin is both necessary and sufficient to elicit a swim motor pattern. Here it is shown that the DSI homologues in Melibe , the cerebral serotonergic posterior-A neurons ( Ce SP-As), are extrinsic to the swim CPG, and that neither the Ce SP-As nor their neurotransmitter serotonin is necessary for swim motor pattern initiation, which occurred when the Ce SP-As were inactive. Furthermore, the serotonin antagonist methysergide blocked the effects of both the serotonin and Ce SP-As but did not prevent the production of a swim motor pattern. However, the Ce SP-As and serotonin could influence the Melibe swim circuit; depolarization of a cerebral serotonergic posterior-A was sufficient to initiate a swim motor pattern and hyperpolarization of a Ce SP-A temporarily halted an ongoing swim motor pattern. Serotonin itself was sufficient to initiate a swim motor pattern or make an ongoing swim motor pattern more regular. Thus, evolution of species-specific behaviour involved alterations in the functions of identified homologous neurons and their neurotransmitter.

Variability in peroxidase isozymes in wheat and related species

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoly Kobrehel ◽  
Marie-Françoise Gautier
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Isozyme Patterns ◽  
Genetic Character ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Peroxidase Isozymes ◽  
Growing Conditions

Polyacrylamide-slab gel electrophoresis showed that the nature of peroxidases in wheat is a genetic character; different genomes control the synthesis of specific peroxidases. The growing conditions have no influence on isozyme patterns. Within a single species the electrophoretic patterns of peroxidases may differ from one variety to another. Thus, two classes of Triticum aestivum can be distinguished. With Triticum durum the dissimilarity of enzymograms is particularly important.

A PRIMER SET FOR SPECIFIC AMPLIFICATION OF TWO CYCLOIDEA-LIKE GENES IN THE GENISTOID CLADE OF LEGUMINOSAE SUBFAM. PAPILIONOIDEAE

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. CITERNE
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Sequence Comparison ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Specific Amplification

Locus-specific primers were designed to amplify the homologues LEGCYC1A and LEGCYC1B of the snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) floral symmetry gene CYCLOIDEA in the genistoid legumes Lupinus nanus and Cadia purpurea. These primers were tested successfully in a range of genistoid taxa. Sequence comparison between L. nanus and L. angustifolius revealed that these CYCLOIDEA-like genes provide up to four times as many variable characters as the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS) at this taxonomic level. These genes are therefore potentially useful for studying evolutionary relationships between closely related species within the genistoid clade of legumes, which contains many large and diverse genera. Comparisons between L. nanus, Cadia purpurea and Calpurnia aurea LEGCYC sequences show that these genes may also be useful for phylogenetic studies between genera in this large clade of 1800 species.

Intraspecifïc variation in gel electrophoresis patterns of soluble mycelial proteins of Phytophthora megasperma isolated from alfalfa

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Faris ◽  
F. E. Sabo ◽  
Y. Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Phytophthora Megasperma ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cardinal Temperatures ◽  
Electrophoresis Technique ◽  
Group 1

The electrophoretic patterns of the buffer-soluble proteins of 26 isolates of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. medicaginis from diseased alfalfa plants and soil were studied. On the basis of the protein patterns, the isolates were divided into two groups which correlated with cardinal temperatures for growth, pathogenicity, and oogonia size. Group 1 (seven isolates) has minimum growth at 5 °C, optimum at 25–30 °C, and maximum at 35 °C, and is a highly pathogenic pathotype with small oogonia. Group 2 (19 isolates) has minimum growth at less than 5 °C, optimum at 20 °C, and maximum at 30 °C, and is a less pathogenic pathotype with large oogonia. The electrophoresis technique was useful in identifying differences among the Phytophthora isolates.

scholarly journals Identification of CITES-Listed Euphorbia royleana through DNA Barcoding Technology: A New Facet in Wildlife Forensics

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-272
Author(s):  
Mukesh Thakar ◽  
Tina Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Wildlife Forensics ◽  
Interspecific Genetic Distance ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Endangered Status ◽  
Discrimination Method

Disorganized and chaotic collection of the Euphorbia plant species from the wild is one of the major reasons for its endangered status. According to CITES, the trade in Euphorbia royleana species is prohibited under Appendix II. However, the trade continues unabated as current identification methods do not discriminate between closely related species.  In the present study, a DNA barcoding method has been used to establish inter- and intra-specific divergences of both matK and rbcL regions by using pairwise genetic distance measurement methods for evaluating the maximum barcoding gap. The matk and rbcL yielded a 100% amplification and sequencing success rate to distinguish closely related species of Euphorbia royleana unambiguously. The matk and rbcL showed average interspecific genetic distance divergence values of 0.031and 0.015, respectively. The maximum number of species-specific SNPs was observed in matK sequences at seven consecutive sites, which could distinguish Euphorbia royleana from closely related species.  The best candidate barcoding region to identify Euphorbia royleana was found to be matK with a single-locus barcoding approach. Furthermore, the species discrimination method was developed with the help of species-specific SNPs derived from the matK barcoding region to accurately authenticate Euphorbia royleana, and it provided 100% species resolution

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