SURVIVAL OF THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID ON ABIES LOGS

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Atkins ◽  
T. A. D. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Abies Grandis ◽  
Woolly Aphid

AbstractSurvival of the balsam woolly aphid on Abies grandis logs was observed to evaluate the danger of spreading the pest while moving logs. Active stages of the aphid survived submergence in sea water for 7 days and periodic sprinkling with sea water for 3 weeks. Dormant stages survived submergence up to 28 days. Active aphids survived on logs in the forest as long as 5 months. Crawlers frequently re-established on logs and completed a second generation there. Dormant neosistentes on autumn-felled trees persisted over winter and resumed development in the spring. Recommendations for moving infested logs through uninfested areas are made.

On F2Echinus Hybrids

1914 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Hybrid Generation ◽  
Marine Biological Laboratory ◽  
Marine Biological ◽  
Biological Laboratory ◽  
The Cross ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Made In

An investigation on inheritance in hybrids between the three English species of Echinus was carried out in the Marine Biological Laboratory, Plymouth, during 1909–1912 by C. Shearer, W. de Morgan, and H. M. Fuchs. In a paper published in the Phil. Trans. Royal Soo., Ser. B, Vol. CCIV., p. 255, the results of this work were described in detail. At the time of publication, E. miliaris had been raised from the egg to maturity in the laboratory, in the course of one year, and a second generation had been obtained from these individuals, but none of the hybrid urchins had as yet reached maturity. This year, however, some of the hybrids have become sexually mature, and from them a second hybrid generation has been raised.The urchins which have formed ripe genital products are four individuals of the cross E. esculentus X E. acutus (referred to below as EA) derived from fertilizations made in 1912. The largest of these urchins now measures 6 cm. in diameter, exclusive of the spines. On May 11th, 1914, two of these hybrids laid eggs in the tank in which they were kept. Naturally these eggs could not be used for experimental purposes, since they were deposited in the sea water of the aquarium circulation, and therefore not under sterile conditions. On June 6th I induced three of the four to deposit genital products without cutting them open, under conditions which excluded the possible presence of foreign eggs or spermatozoa. It is hardly necessary to mention here that, as in all the previous work on Echinus hybrids, the fact of the complete absence of such sperm was made certain by controls of unfertilized eggs, none of which segmented.

Occurrence of juvabione-related compounds in grand fir and Pacific silver fir infested by balsam woolly aphid

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Puritch ◽  
W. W. Nijholt
Keyword(s):  
Silver Fir ◽  
Abies Grandis ◽  
Abies Amabilis ◽  
Variable Distribution ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Related Compounds

Two juvabione-related compounds, (+)-todomatuic acid and dehydrotodomatuic acid, were found in conjunction with certain balsam woolly aphid infested Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl. and Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes but not with noninfested trees.The localized occurrence and variable distribution of these compounds within the wood of infested trees is discussed.

Observations on the Life-Cycle of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), in the Willamette Valley of Oregon

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tunnock ◽  
J. A. Rudinsky
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Willamette Valley ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Abies Grandis ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Adelges Piceae

The balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Adelgidae, Homoptera), originally introduced from Europe, was reported on grand fir, Abies grandis (Doug.) Lindl., in the Willamette Valley by Keen (5) around 1930. Serious outbreaks of this insect were first recorded on subalpine fir, A. lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt., in Oregon and Pacific silver fir, A. amabilis (Doug].) Forb., in Washington in 1954 ( 3 ) . At present about 600,000 acres of subalpine and Pacific silver firs are heavily infested in the Pacific Northwest.

A new tissue essential to necrophylactic periderm formation in the bark of four conifers

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (21) ◽  
pp. 2443-2457 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Mullick
Keyword(s):  
Host Response ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Abies Grandis ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Periderm Formation ◽  
Host Component

Impermeability to OSO4 of periderm-free zones around the feeding sites of balsam woolly aphid (BWA), Adelges piceae, in the bark of Abies, was caused by a non-suberized impervious tissue (NIT). NIT developed at mechanical injuries in living bark of Abies grandis, Abies amabilis, Tsuga heterophylla, and Thuja plicata in 3 to 4 weeks during summer. It was found at healed injuries regardless of the cause, biotic or abiotic, at abscission scars, and at old resin blisters and rhytidome. It is concluded that NIT precedes formation of necrophylactic periderms (NP), may provide environment necessary for NP formation in tissues internally abutting NIT, and is a marker for distinguishing NP from exophylactic periderms. The imperviousness of NIT to water resulted neither from suberin (seven tests) nor from callose (three tests), and was detected by an F–F test, which is based on penetration of 2% FeCl3 followed by 4% K3Fe(CN)6 through the bark for 3 days each. The formation of NIT in the absence, e.g. rhytidome, as well as in the presence of injuries, BWA, and disease agents, suggests that NIT production is not only a non-specific inherent process but may be the physiological basis of host response to diseases in bark. Pathogen-free, "non-induced" NIT formation at rhytidome as a control process for isolating the host component of host–pathogen interactions is discussed.

Anatomical changes in the secondary phloem of grand fir (Abies grandis) induced by the balsam woolly aphid (Adelges piceae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (16) ◽  
pp. 1903-1910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy H. Saigo
Keyword(s):  
Parenchyma Cell ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Abies Grandis ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cell ◽  
Traumatic Resin Ducts ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Adelges Piceae

This study examines the microscopic anatomy and seasonal changes of the secondary phloem, cambium, and a portion of the xylem of grand fir trees (Abies grandis [Dougl.] Lindl.) infested with the balsam woolly aphid (Adelges piceae Ratz.) as compared with tissues of non-infested trees.The reactivation of the vascular cambium and production of astrosclereids and resin cells are about the same in infested and non-infested trees.The infested trees exhibit sieve cells that are shorter in length, having a tangential dimension about the same as normal cells, and produce more tangential bands of phloem parenchyma cells, more fiber sclereids, biseriate rays, and lipoidal-filled ray cells, abnormally shaped ray parenchyma cell nuclei, giant cortical parenchyma cells, and traumatic resin ducts in the xylem.

Second-Generation Antidepressants May Be Safer

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (14) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
SHERRY BOSCHERT
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation
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