A CHAMBER FOR STUDYING THE EFFECT OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND SOIL MOISTURE ON INSECT EGGS

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Doane ◽  
R. K. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Insect Eggs ◽  
Humidity Chamber ◽  
Solution Surface ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Optimum Relationship

AbstractConstruction and performance of a humidity chamber, designed to provide an optimum relationship between volume and conditioning-solution surface area, are described.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variation of the Burned Area and Its Relationship with Climatic Factors in Central Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Yongfang Xu ◽  
Zhaohui Lin ◽  
Chenglai Wu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Circulation Index ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
The Relationship

Central Asia is prone to wildfires, but the relationship between wildfires and climatic factors in this area is still not clear. In this study, the spatiotemporal variation in wildfire activities across Central Asia during 1997–2016 in terms of the burned area (BA) was investigated with Global Fire Emission Database version 4s (GFED4s). The relationship between BA and climatic factors in the region was also analyzed. The results reveal that more than 90% of the BA across Central Asia is located in Kazakhstan. The peak BA occurs from June to September, and remarkable interannual variation in wildfire activities occurs in western central Kazakhstan (WCKZ). At the interannual scale, the BA is negatively correlated with precipitation (correlation coefficient r = −0.66), soil moisture (r = −0.68), and relative humidity (r = −0.65), while it is positively correlated with the frequency of hot days (r = 0.37) during the burning season (from June to September). Composite analysis suggests that the years in which the BA is higher are generally associated with positive geopotential height anomalies at 500 hPa over the WCKZ region, which lead to the strengthening of the downdraft at 500 hPa and the weakening of westerlies at 850 hPa over the region. The weakened westerlies suppress the transport of water vapor from the Atlantic Ocean to the WCKZ region, resulting in decreased precipitation, soil moisture, and relative humidity in the lower atmosphere over the WCKZ region; these conditions promote an increase in BA throughout the region. Moreover, the westerly circulation index is positively correlated (r = 0.53) with precipitation anomalies and negatively correlated (r = −0.37) with BA anomalies in the WCKZ region during the burning season, which further underscores that wildfires associated with atmospheric circulation systems are becoming an increasingly important component of the relationship between climate and wildfire.

Calibration and performance of automatic compact instrumentation for the measurement of relative humidity from passenger aircraft

1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (D19) ◽  
pp. 25643-25652 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Helten ◽  
H. G. J. Smit ◽  
W. Sträter ◽  
D. Kley ◽  
P. Nedelec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Passenger Aircraft

scholarly journals Accurate calibration and control of relative humidity close to 100% by X-raying a DOPC multilayer

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 3570-3576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yicong Ma ◽  
Sajal K. Ghosh ◽  
Sambhunath Bera ◽  
Zhang Jiang ◽  
Stephanie Tristram-Nagle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Humidity Chamber ◽  
And Control

A novel humidity chamber for accurate control of the relative humidity close to 100% using the shown calibration curve.

Thermal Lethality of Salmonella in Chicken Leg Quarters Processed via an Air/Steam Impingement Oven

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Y. MURPHY ◽  
K. H. DRISCOLL ◽  
L. K. DUNCAN ◽  
T. OSAILI ◽  
J. A. MARCY
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Product Surface ◽  
Cooking Times

Chicken leg quarters were injected with 0.1 ml of the cocktail culture per cm2 of the product surface area to contain about 7 log(CFU/g) of Salmonella. The inoculated leg quarters were processed in an air/steam impingement oven at an air temperature of 232°C, an air velocity of 1.4 m/s, and a relative humidity of 43%. The endpoint product temperatures were correlated with the cooking times. A model was developed for pathogen thermal lethality up to 7 log(CFU/g) reductions of Salmonella in correlation to the product mass (140 to 540 g) and cooking time (5 to 35 min). The results from this study are useful for validating thermal lethality of pathogens in poultry products that are cooked via impingement ovens.

scholarly journals U.S. Climate Reference Network Soil Moisture and Temperature Observations

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 977-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse E. Bell ◽  
Michael A. Palecki ◽  
C. Bruce Baker ◽  
William G. Collins ◽  
Jay H. Lawrimore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Reference Network ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Soil Sensors ◽  
National Climatic Data Center ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Soil Climate

Abstract The U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) is a network of climate-monitoring stations maintained and operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to provide climate-science-quality measurements of air temperature and precipitation. The stations in the network were designed to be extensible to other missions, and the National Integrated Drought Information System program determined that the USCRN could be augmented to provide observations that are more drought relevant. To increase the network’s capability of monitoring soil processes and drought, soil observations were added to USCRN instrumentation. In 2011, the USCRN team completed at each USCRN station in the conterminous United States the installation of triplicate-configuration soil moisture and soil temperature probes at five standards depths (5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cm) as prescribed by the World Meteorological Organization; in addition, the project included the installation of a relative humidity sensor at each of the stations. Work is also under way to eventually install soil sensors at the expanding USCRN stations in Alaska. USCRN data are stewarded by the NOAA National Climatic Data Center, and instrument engineering and performance studies, installation, and maintenance are performed by the NOAA Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division. This article provides a technical description of the USCRN soil observations in the context of U.S. soil-climate–measurement efforts and discusses the advantage of the triple-redundancy approach applied by the USCRN.

Should black carbon concentration from aethalometer measurements onboard of UAVs be additionally corrected? - What is the impact of rapid relative humidity changes on our measurements?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Florczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Markowicz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Atmospheric Sciences ◽  
Humidity Chamber ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
The Impact

<p>Relative humidity and rates of its change are relevant parameters in atmospheric sciences. Observations of output data of AE-51 aethalometer operating in ACS1000 humidity chamber reveal strong dependence of attenuation on rapid relative humidity changes. Data collected in winter 2020/21 suggests a probability of similar effect occurring during UAV measurements as thermodynamic parameters could change fast during such runs. Two AE-51 devices were connected in the WET and DRY ACS1000 humidity chamber's channels. During periodic relative humidity oscillations, incident negative peaks of equivalent black carbon mass concentration coincide with high negative derivatives of relative humidity. In most extreme cases values of -1000 ng/m3 equivalent black carbon mass concentration were recorded in parallel with relative humidity derivative of -1.5 %/min. These correlations seem to play an important role in atmospheric measurements as vertical profiles of aerosol parameters such as attenuation are collected using UAV runs during which relative humidity varies significantly. Our goal is to propose a correction method to minimise these anomalies.</p>

Episodic basin-scale soil moisture anomalies associated with high relative humidity events in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Joseph Levy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Mcmurdo Dry Valleys ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Soil Reflectance

Abstract Outside of hydrologically wetted active layer soils and humidity-sensitive soil brines, low soil moisture is a limiting factor controlling biogeochemical processes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. But anecdotal field observations suggest that episodic wetting and darkening of surface soils in the absence of snowmelt occurs during high humidity conditions. Here, I analyse long-term meteorological station data to determine whether soil-darkening episodes are present in the instrumental record and whether they are, in fact, correlated with relative humidity. A strong linear correlation is found between relative humidity and soil reflectance at the Lake Bonney long-term autonomous weather station. Soil reflectance is found to decrease annually by a median of 27.7% in response to high humidity conditions. This magnitude of darkening is consistent with soil moisture rising from typical background values of < 0.5 wt.% to 2–3 wt.%, suggesting that regional atmospheric processes may result in widespread soil moisture generation in otherwise dry surface soils. Temperature and relative humidity conditions under which darkening is observed occur for hundreds of hours per year, but are dominated by episodes occurring between midnight and 07h00 local time, suggesting that wetting events may be common, but are not widely observed during typical diel science operations.

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