scholarly journals Selection of Frame of Reference in Spatial Cognition: Effects of the Inherent Direction of Reference and Located Objects.

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Eiko SOGO ◽  
Yuichi WADA ◽  
Takayoshi KATO
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals The validation of physical activity instruments for measuring energy expenditure: problems and pitfalls

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten L Rennie ◽  
Nicholas J Wareham
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Exposure Measurement ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Correlated Error ◽  
Comparison Technique ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractObjective:To review and categorize the problems associated with undertaking physical activity validation studies and to construct a checklist against which any study could be compared.Results:The studies reviewed demonstrated problems in defining the dimension of physical activity that is of interest and in the selection of an appropriate comparison technique. Ideally this should be closely related to the true exposure of interest and assess that exposure objectively and without correlated error from the study instrument in question. In many studies inappropriate comparison methods have been chosen which do not measure the true underlying exposure and which are likely to have correlated error. The choice of study populations, the frame of reference of the exposure measurement and the use of appropriate statistical methods are also problematic areas.Conclusions:There is no ideal measurement instrument or validation study design that is suitable for all situations. However, the checklist in this paper provides a means whereby the appropriateness of studies already undertaken or at the planning stage can be assessed.

Selection of spatial frame of reference and postural control variability

1997 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Isableu ◽  
Théophile Ohlmann ◽  
Jacques Crémieux ◽  
Bernard Amblard
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Spatial Frame ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Interface Transparency Issues in Teleoperation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6232
Author(s):  
Luis Almeida ◽  
Paulo Menezes ◽  
Jorge Dias
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Teleoperation Systems ◽  
Robotic Agent

Transferring skills and expertise to remote places, without being present, is a new challenge for our digitally interconnected society. People can experience and perform actions in distant places through a robotic agent wearing immersive interfaces to feel physically there. However, technological contingencies can affect human perception, compromising skill-based performances. Considering the results from studies on human factors, a set of recommendations for the construction of immersive teleoperation systems is provided, followed by an example of the evaluation methodology. We developed a testbed to study perceptual issues that affect task performance while users manipulated the environment either through traditional or immersive interfaces. The analysis of its effect on perception, navigation, and manipulation relies on performances measures and subjective answers. The goal is to mitigate the effect of factors such as system latency, field of view, frame of reference, or frame rate to achieve the sense of telepresence. By decoupling the flows of an immersive teleoperation system, we aim to understand how vision and interaction fidelity affects spatial cognition. Results show that misalignments between the frame of reference for vision and motor-action or the use of tools affecting the sense of body position or movement have a higher effect on mental workload and spatial cognition.

Historischer Funktionalismus / History-Oriented Functionalism

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ridder
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
Mental Patient ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Boundary Maintenance ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe differentiation of functional method and functional theory which gives the frame of reference leaves the selection of references problematic. The combination of functional method with boundary maintenance of systems has to be given up to develop static functional method into a method of dynamic analysis. This necessitates history as a reference in an analytical sense and makes it possible to analyze the genesis of social structure. In what way the development of social structures could be analyzed is shown by the example of the career of the mental patient.

Sensitivity to full-field visual movement compatible with head rotation: Variations with eye-in-head position

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282
Author(s):  
Laurence R. Harris ◽  
Lori A. Lott
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Visual Rotation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Straight Ahead ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractVariations in velocity detection thresholds for full-field visual rotation about various axes are compatible with a simple channel-based system for coding the axis and velocity of the rotation (Harris & Lott, 1995). The present paper looks at the frame of reference for this system. The head-centered, craniotopic reference system and the retinal-based, retinotopic reference systems were separated by using eccentric eye positions. We measured the threshold for detecting full-field visual rotation about a selection of axes in the sagittal plane with the eyes held either 22½ degs up, straight ahead or 22½ degs down in the head. The characteristic features of the variation in detection thresholds did not stay stable in craniotopic coordinates but moved with the eyes and were constant in retinotopic coordinates. This suggests that the coding of head rotation by the visual system is in retinotopic coordinates.

The Purpose and Tasks of Robotic Systems in the Russian Lunar Program

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
E.A. Dudorov ◽  
I.G. Sokhin
Keyword(s):  
Space Exploration ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Space Robotics ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Infrastructure Provision ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Selection Of

The exploration of the Moon and other planets of the Solar system involves a widespread use of robotic systems of various types and purposes. However, currently there is no generally accepted frame of reference for the effective application of different robotic systems for performing space exploration tasks. Based on the approach to the selection of priority robotic systems proposed by the authors, possible areas of their advanced application to support the implementation of the Russian lunar program are considered in this paper. Multi-criteria classification of space-based robotic systems, features of remote control of robots, and directions of work on the development of Russian robotic systems for the lunar program are also examined. The questions of necessity, possibility and validity of flight operations using space-based robotic systems are explored. The tasks of robots in the exploration of the Moon, which are divided into four phases: infrastructure, provision, operation and research, are considered. Key technologies of space robotics (electronics, mechanics, software, control), as well as related technologies at their intersection are presented. Three main areas of Roscosmos’ work on the development of technological, anthropomorphic and freight robots are presented. Conclusions on the implementation of plans for the exploration and use of the Moon are drawn.

scholarly journals The Cult of the Folk: Ideas and Strategies after Ernest Gagnon

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Gordon E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper I discuss ideas of collectors (Édouard-Zotique Massicotte and Marius Barbeau) vis-à-vis the song collection of Ernest Gagnon. The Chansons populaires repertoire is viewed in different ways by Gagnon's successors as historically significant and/or insignificant, and/or an exhaustive, representative "canon" of songs. Approaches to fieldwork, transcription, and the "selection" of repertoire in these collectors' works are also studied. The second part of the paper sets up a critical frame of reference for these strategies based on current literature (e.g., Philip Bohlman, Ian MacKay). Within this discussion, Gagnon's nineteenth-century ideology of "le peuple" is considered alongside the preservationist "cult of the folk" inspiration of his successors.

Examining argumentative style

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans H. van Eemeren
Keyword(s):  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Argumentative Discourse ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Linguistic Style ◽  
Strategic Design ◽  
Argumentative Pattern ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Abstract In this theoretical expose, it is argued that the notion of argumentative style is more encompassing and at the same time more specific than the more familiar notion of linguistic style. According to van Eemeren, argumentative styles always have three dimensions: the selection of standpoints, starting-points, arguments or other argumentative moves (topical choice dimension), the adjustment of argumentative moves to the frame of reference and preferences of the listeners or readers (audience demand dimension), and the choice of verbal or non-verbal means for advancing argumentative moves (presentational dimension). In argumentative discourse, the three dimensions of argumentative style manifest themselves in the argumentative moves made in trying to resolve a difference of opinion (analytic overview), the dialectical routes chosen in making these argumentative moves (argumentative pattern) and the strategic considerations brought to bear in this endeavour (strategic design). Van Eemeren explains what this means in practice by discussing the distinctive features of the three dimensions of two general categories of argumentative styles that can be regularly encountered, in one variant or other, in argumentative discourse: detached argumentative styles and engaged argumentative styles.

Selecting Spatial Frames of Reference for Visual Target Localization

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried Kunde ◽  
Joachim Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Target Localization ◽  
Spatial Uncertainty ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Global Character ◽  
Spatial Frames Of Reference ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. This study examined the selection of spatial frames of reference for target localization in visual search. Participants searched for local target characters in global character configurations. The local targets could be localized relative to the character configuration in which they were embedded or relative to the presentation screen on which the configurations were displayed. We investigated under which conditions the configurations, or the screen served as frame of reference for target localization. Three experiments revealed an increasing impact of screen-related target localization with decreasing spatial uncertainty of targets in screen-related coordinates. The results indicate the capability of the visual system to localize relevant visual stimuli with respect to those frames of reference that yield the most redundant spatial distribution of these stimuli.

Pluralism or Relativism?

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Freudenthal
Keyword(s):  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Logical Necessity ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
Selection Of

Elkana's paper “Two-Tier Thinking” (1978) contains the thesis that became the foundation of all his later work. This thesis is best summarized by the author himself:The thesis of this paper is that this distinction [between realists and relativists] is not a logical necessity but a historical situation in Western scientific culture. It is claimed here that the distinction is spurious: every problem has a realist and a relativist dimension, and the two views can be, and are actually being, held simultaneously. Once a frame of reference has been selected, in it realism prevails. With respect to selection of an appropriate framework the approach has to be relativist since there is no absolute, external-to-all framework which would fit absolute realism. (Elkana 1978, 309)

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