Mobile Network Offloading

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michail Katsigiannis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Mobile Data ◽  
Mobile Operator ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Traffic Growth ◽  
Deployment Cost

The mobile data traffic growth and the high fraction of indoor-generated traffic push mobile operators to devise new deployment strategies such as mobile network offloading. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the energy consumption and the deployment cost, based on the demanded traffic level, for a joint macro-femtocell network which enables mobile network offloading in Helsinki Metropolitan Area by 2015. This deployment is compared to an optimized only macro cellular network. The study tries to resolve under what conditions, in terms of demanded traffic, deployment cost and energy consumption, a mobile operator should deploy femtocells. Assuming that only the new network infrastructure is installed by 2015, the results show that wide-to-local area offloading is beneficial for a mobile operator to handle the mobile data traffic growth, reduce the deployment costs and the energy consumption of the radio access network.

Performance Evaluation of Ethernet Network for Mobile Fronthual Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit Hadush Hailu
Keyword(s):  
Access Network ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Link Length ◽  
Mobile Data ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Ethernet Network

<p>Increasing mobile data traffic due to the rise of both smartphones and tablets has led to high-capacity demand of mobile data network. To meet the ever-growing capacity demand and reduce the cost of mobile network components, Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) has emerged as a promising solution. In such network, the mobile operator’s Remote Radio Head (RRH) and Base Band Unit (BBU) are often separated and the connection between them has very tight timing and latency requirements imposed by Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) and 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). This fronthaul connection is not yet provided by packet based network. To employ packet-based network for C-RAN fronthaul, the carried fronthaul traffic are needed to achieve the requirements of fronthaul streams. For this reason, the aim of this paper is focused on investigating and evaluating the feasibility of Ethernet networks for mobile fronthaul. The fronthaul requirements used to evaluate and investigate this network are maximum End to End (E2E) latency, Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) and Packet Delay Variation (PDV). The simulated results and numerical analysis confirm that the PDV and PLR of High Priority (HP) traffic in Ethernet network meet the requirements of mobile fronthaul using CPRI. However, the PDV of HP traffic meets the fronthaul network when the number of nodes in the Ethernet network is at most four. For Ethernet network, the number of nodes in the network limits the maximum separation distance between BBU and RRH (link length); for increasing the number of nodes, the link length decreases. Consequently, Radio over Ethernet (RoE) traffic should receive the priority and Quality of Service (QoS) HP can provide. On the other hand, Low Priority (LP) classes are not sensitive to QoS metrics and should be used for transporting time insensitive applications and services.</p>

scholarly journals Integrating Optical and Wireless Techniques towards Novel Fronthaul and Access Architectures in a 5G NR Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5048
Author(s):  
Ramon Maia Borges ◽  
Celso Henrique de Souza Lopes ◽  
Eduardo Saia Lima ◽  
Marco Aurélio de Oliveira ◽  
Matheus Sêda Borsato Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Radio Access

The fifth-generation of mobile network (5G) and beyond requires a radio access network (RAN) update in order to cope with the incoming increase of wireless data traffic and new applications. In this context, we propose an efficient optical-wireless architecture applied to the non-standalone (NSA) 5G new radio (NR) framework. Several distinct electrical- and optical-based fronthaul configurations combining free-space optical (FSO), wireless links, and radio over fiber (RoF) techniques were implemented and properly analyzed for selection according to network operator deployment requirements. In addition, visible light communication (VLC) was investigated as a future access network technology when immunity to electromagnetic interference is paramount. Experimental results demonstrated fourth-generation of mobile network (4G) and 5G coexistence at Gbit/s throughput and error vector magnitude (EVM) in accordance with 5G NR Release 15.

scholarly journals Energy-Effective Power Control Algorithm with Mobility Prediction for 5G Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Network

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyebin Park ◽  
Yujin Lim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Mobility Prediction ◽  
Switching Operation ◽  
Cloud Radio Access Network ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Power Control Algorithm ◽  
Heterogeneous Cloud

In 5G networks, heterogeneous cloud radio access network (H-CRAN) is considered a promising future architecture to minimize energy consumption and efficiently allocate resources. However, with the increase in the number of users, studies are performed to overcome the energy consumption problems. In this study, we propose a power control algorithm with mobility prediction to provide a high-energy efficiency for 5G H-CRAN. In particular, the proposed algorithm predicts UE mobility in vehicular mobility scenarios and performs remote radio head (RRH) switching operations based on % prediction results. We formulate an optimization problem to maximize the energy efficiency while satisfying the outage probability requirement. We then propose an RRH switching operation based on Markov mobility prediction and optimize the transmission power based on a gradient method. Simulation results demonstrate the improved energy efficiency compared with those of existing RRH switching-operation algorithms.

scholarly journals SDR Enabled C-RAN Implementation using OpenAirInterface

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akeem Olapade Mufutau ◽  
Fernando Pedro Guiomar ◽  
Arnaldo Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Pereira Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Cellular Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Radio Access Network ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Continuous Dynamic ◽  
Cloud Ran

Abstract Towards enabling 5G radio access technologies and beyond to meet the requirements for continuous dynamic and diverse services, flexibility and scalability of the cellular network are therefore pertinent. The utilization of software-defined radio (SDR) aided with an open-source platform and virtualization techniques are increasingly exposing the realization of desirable flexibility for radio access network (RAN) while enabling the development of a prototype which can be directed at fostering further mobile network research activities. In this paper, we review OpenAirInterface (OAI) implementation and present an OAI based cloud RAN (C-RAN) testbed with which mobile fronthaul (MFH) solutions can be tested.

scholarly journals Spectrum Gap Analysis With Practical Solutions for Future Mobile Data Traffic Growth in Malaysia

IEEE Access ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 24910-24933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibraheem Shayea ◽  
Marwan Hadri Azmi ◽  
Tharek Abd. Rahman ◽  
Mustafa Ergen ◽  
Chua Tien Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Mobile Data ◽  
Traffic Growth

QoS Performance of Integrated Hybrid Optical Network in Mobile Fronthual Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit Hadush Hailu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Link Length ◽  
Cloud Radio Access Network ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Ethernet Network ◽  
Qos Performance ◽  
Guaranteed Service

<p>Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) has emerged as a promising solution to meet the ever-growing capacity demand and reduce the cost of mobile network components. In such network, the mobile operator’s Remote Radio Head (RRH) and Base Band Unit (BBU) are often separated and the connection between them has very tight timing and latency requirements. To employ packet-based network for C-RAN fronthaul, the carried fronthaul traffic are needed to achieve the requirements of fronthaul streams. For this reason, the aim of this paper is focused on investigating and evaluating the feasibility of Integrated Hybrid Optical Network (IHON) networks for mobile fronthaul. TransPacket AS (www.transpacket.com) develops a fusion switching that efficiently serves both Guaranteed Service Transport (GST) traffic with absolute priority and packet switched Statistical Multiplexing (SM) best effort traffic. We verified how the leftover capacity of fusion node can be used to carry the low priority packets and how the GST traffic can have deterministic characteristics on a single wavelength by delaying it with Fixed Delay Line (FDL). For example, for L<sub>1GE </sub><sup>SM</sup> =0.3 the added SM traffic increases the 10GE wavelength utilization up to 89% without any losses and with SM PLR=1E<sup>-03</sup> up to 92% utilization. The simulated results and numerical analysis confirm that the PDV and PLR of GST traffic in Ethernet network meet the requirements of mobile fronthaul using CPRI. For Ethernet network, the number of nodes in the network limits the maximum separation distance between BBU and RRH (link length); for increasing the number of nodes, the link length decreases. Consequently, Radio over Ethernet (RoE) traffic should receive the priority and Quality of Service (QoS) HP can provide. On the other hand, Low Priority (LP) classes are not sensitive to QoS metrics and should be used for transporting time insensitive applications and services.</p>

Airtel Zero: Data Pricing, Two Sided Markets Led Business Models and Net Neutrality

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Arvind Sahay
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Net Neutrality ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Mobile Data ◽  
Data Services ◽  
Mobile Operator ◽  
Two Sided Markets

Airtel, the leading mobile operator in India was going to launch the “Airtel Zero” platform that would charge service providers and OTT providers on the internet for mobile data traffic but would allow end consumers free access to the web sites that were signed up for the platform. The case revolves around the questions of pricing these data services to the service providers in a market where the price to one set of customers (the end consumer) was not independent of the price to another set of customers (the OTT service providers) - typical of two sided markets. Issues of net neutrality and competition have been considered alongside.

scholarly journals RISET STRATEGI IMPLEMENTASI C-RAN DI TELKOMSEL MELALUI KOLABORASI JARINGAN NG-PON2 DI TELKOM AKSES MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN METODE STRATEGIC SITUATION ANALYSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Tri Susanto ◽  
K.J. Hartono ◽  
Bilpen Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Access Network ◽  
Situation Analysis ◽  
Radio Access Network ◽  
Cloud Radio Access Network ◽  
Mobile Operator ◽  
Radio Access

Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) adalah teknologi akses radio yang diyakini mampu menekan biaya CAPEX dan OPEX dari mobile operator dan memberikan performansi yang lebih baik dibandingkan Radio Access Network (RAN) tradisional. Salah satu faktor kunci sukses implementasi C-RAN adalah penyediaan jaringan fonthaul yang efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat strategi implementasi C-RAN di Telkomsel melalui kolaborasi jaringan NG-PON2 di Telkom Akses. Pada tulisan ini menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif dengan melakukan strategy situation analysis (SSA) yaitu melakukan analisa data eksternal maupun internal dan selanjutnya diformulasikan sebagai dasar pembuatan strategi implementasi. Dari penelitian ini dihasilkan usulan strategi implementasi C-RAN di Telkomsel melalui kolaborasi jaringan NG-PON2 di Telkom Akses.

Mobile Data Offloading for Streaming-Class Traffic with QoS Guarantee

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
Anusree Ajith ◽  
T. G. Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Network ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Live Streaming ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Mobile Data ◽  
Qos Guarantee ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
Mobile Network Operators ◽  
Mobile Data Offloading

Faced with the tremendous increase in the amount of data traffic and associated congestion, mobile network operators are moving towards Heterogeneous networks (HetNets), in the process of expanding network capacity. Offloading data traffic onto Wi-Fi in order to avoid congestion in the backbone is an important step in the evolution of HetNets. On-the-spot and delayed offloading have been widely studied in the literature. This paper proposes an offloading algorithm which has low computational complexity. The proposed algorithm offloads data based on a balking function which is dependent on present network condition. Using extensive simulations, the authors demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves reduction in mean transmission delay without sacrificing much on the offloading efficiency. This technique is more efficient and applicable to real-time traffic, like live streaming video and audio, which has short and stringent delay requirements or deadlines.

2G-4G Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 964-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakil Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Mobile Systems ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Stationary Mode ◽  
Download Time ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
4G Wireless ◽  
Wireless Mobile

The fourth-generation wireless mobile systems, commonly known as 4G, is expected to provide global roaming across different types of wireless and mobile networks; for instance, from satellite to mobile networks and to Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). 4G is an all IP-based mobile network using different radio access technologies and providing seamless roaming and connection via always the best available network (Zahariadis & Kazakos, 2003). The vision of 4G wireless/mobile systems will be the provision of broadband access, seamless global roaming and Internet/data/voice everywhere, utilizing for each the most “appropriate” always-best connected technology (Gustafsson & Jonsson, 2003). These systems are about integrating terminals, networks and applications to satisfy increasing user demands (Ibrahim, 2002; Lu & Berezdivin, 2002). 4G systems are expected to offer a speed of more than 100 Mbps in stationary mode and an average of 20 Mbps for mobile stations, reducing the download time of graphics and multimedia components by more than 10 times compared to currently available 2 Mbps on 3G systems.

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