scholarly journals Comparative structural analysis of the Neanderthal femoral shafts BD 5 (MIS 5e) and CDV-Tour 1 (MIS 3) from La Chaise-de- Vouthon, Charente, France

Paléo ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 257-270
Author(s):  
Laurent Puymerail ◽  
Silvana Condemi ◽  
André Debénath
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Mis 5E

Stratigraphy and chronology of Late Pleistocene loess-paleosol sequence of the East European Plain and correlation with Late Pleistocene archives of Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Sycheva ◽  
Manfred Frechen ◽  
Birgit Terhorst ◽  
Sergey Sedov ◽  
Olga Khokhlova
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
East European ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
Rfbr Grant ◽  
Mis 5E ◽  
Eemian Interglacial

<p>A detailed pedocryostratigraphic scheme of the Late Pleistocene periglacial region of the East European Plain has been developed on the basis of study of the paleorelief, sediments, paleosols, and cryogenic horizons. OSL and <sup>14</sup>C-dating of paleosols and sediments in Aleksandrov quarry and in other sections made it possible to substantiate this scheme and correlate it with analogous ones for different regions of Europe. The loess-paleosol sequence in Aleksandrov quarry (51º05'N, 36º08'E) does not have an analogous with respect to the completeness in the whole East European Plain. In the filling of paleobalka the Ryshkovo paleosol of the Mikulino interglacial (MIS 5e) is observed. Over this paleosol, the Valdai soil-sediment series (MIS 5d – MIS 2) is located. It includes four interstadial soils, two of them of the Early Valdai (Kukuevo and Streletsk ones), and two, sometimes three, of the Middle Valdai (Aleksandrov, Hydrouzel и Bryansk ones). The OSL date, 127 ± 8 ka BP, (beginning of MIS 5e) was obtained for a sample taken from the bottom of the Ryshkovo soil. The interglacial soil is overlain by the Seym layer formed mainly from destroyed and redeposited horizons of this soil. For the upper part of the Seym layer, OSL dates of 115 ± 7 ka BP and 112 ± 20 ka BP were obtained (MIS 5d). But the process of burial of Ryshkovo soil in the bottom of the paleobalka began at the end of the interglacial after a catastrophic forest fire. Large post-permafrost deformations - pseudomorphosis is confined to Selikhovodvor loess - MIS 4 (65 ± 8 ka BP). Two soils occurring between Seym and Selikhovodvor loesses: Kukuevo and Streletsk - Early Valdai (MIS 5c and MIS 5a). For Mlodat loess which separates those two soils (MIS 5b), OSL dates of 91 ± 1 and 89 ± 7 ka BP were obtained. For paleosols of Middle Valdai (MIS 3), <sup>14</sup>C-dates were obtained: Aleksandrov (53.742 - 2.124 ka cal BP) and Bryansk soils (37.618 ± 0.668 ka cal BP). For Tuskar loess, which separates Alexandrov and Bryansk soils, OSL dates of 50 ± 3 and 51 ± 3 ka BP were obtained. The new stratigraphic scheme of Late Pleistocene agrees with the ideas of researchers from Eastern, Central, and Western Europe , which allows the following correlations. The identified paleosols correspond to the following intervals: Ryshkovo – Eemian interglacial (127-117 ka BP); Kukuevo to Amersfoort + Brørup – Saint-Germain 1 (105-95 ka BP); Streletsk – Odderade to Saint-Germain 2 (about 85-75 ka BP); Aleksandrov to Oerel (56-53 ka BP); Hydrouzel to Moershoofd – Poperinge (44-45 ka BP) and Hengelo (40-38 ka BP); and Bryansk (33-27 ka BP) to Stillfried B, Denekamp or Grand Bois interstadials. The reconstructed Late Pleistocene loess-paleosol sequence has the most similar structure with loess-paleosol sequences of Ukraine, with sequence Dolní Věstonice in Moravia (Czech Republik), Stillfried in Austria and Mainz-Weisenau in the Rhenish area (Germany), and other archives. <strong>This work was supported by RFBR, grant N19-29-05024 mk. </strong></p>

CHRONOLOGY OF THE MIS 3 MEGAFAUNA IN SOUTHEASTERN WEST SIBERIA AND THE POSSIBILITY OF LATE SURVIVAL OF THE KHOZARIAN STEPPE MAMMOTH (MAMMUTHUS TROGONTHERII CHOSARICUS)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Andrei V Shpansky ◽  
Yaroslav V Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Woolly Rhinoceros ◽  
Mis 5E ◽  
Late Survival ◽  
Woolly Mammoth

ABSTRACT We report a new series of radiocarbon (14C) dates on the MIS 3 megafauna for a previously poorly studied region of southeastern West Siberia. Some species, like woolly mammoth and woolly rhinoceros, and Pleistocene bison and horse, existed throughout the MIS 3 (ca. 29–59 ka cal BP); cave hyaena is dated to ca. 46,400 cal BP. The very late 14C dates on Khozarian steppe elephant (Mammuthus trogontherii chosaricus), ca. 45,100–45,400 cal BP, may indicate the survival of this species in Siberia up to MIS 3. More work is needed to confirm or reject this suggestion. Previously, Khozarian steppe elephant was known in Siberia only at the beginning of the Late Pleistocene (MIS 5e).

scholarly journals Substrate potential of Eemian to Holocene permafrost organic matter for future microbial greenhouse gas production

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina G. Stapel ◽  
Georg Schwamborn ◽  
Lutz Schirrmeister ◽  
Brian Horsfield ◽  
Kai Mangelsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Substrate Potential ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Mis 5E

Abstract. Multiple permafrost cores from Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island in NE Siberia comprising deposits from Eemian to modern time are investigated to evaluate the stored potential of the freeze-locked organic matter (OM) to serve as substrate for the production of microbial greenhouse gases from thawing permafrost deposits. Deposits from Late Pleistocene glacial periods (comprising MIS 3 and MIS 4) possess an increased aliphatic character and a higher amount of potential substrates, and therefore higher OM quality in terms of biodegradation compared to interglacial deposits from the Eemian (MIS 5e) as well as from the Holocene (MIS 1). To assess the potential of the individual permafrost deposits to provide substrates for microbially induced greenhouse gas generation, concentrations of free and bound acetate as an excellent substrate for methanogenesis are used. The highest free (in pore water and segregated ice) and bound (bound to the organic matrix) acetate-substrate pools of the permafrost deposits are observed within the interstadial MIS 3 and stadial MIS 4 period deposits. In contrast, deposits from the last interglacial MIS 5e show only poor substrate pools. The Holocene deposits reveal a significant bound-acetate pool, representing at least a future substrate potential upon release during OM degradation. Biomarkers for past microbial communities (branched and isoprenoid GDGTs) show also highest abundance of past microbial communities during the MIS 3 and MIS 4 deposits, which indicates higher OM quality with respect to microbial degradation during time of deposition. On a broader perspective, Arctic warming will increase permafrost thaw and favour substrate availability from freeze-locked older permafrost deposits. Therefore, especially those deposits from MIS 3 and MIS 4 show a high potential for providing substrates relevant for methanogenesis.

scholarly journals Substrate potential of last interglacial to Holocene permafrost organic matter for future microbial greenhouse gas production

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1969-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina G. Stapel ◽  
Georg Schwamborn ◽  
Lutz Schirrmeister ◽  
Brian Horsfield ◽  
Kai Mangelsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Substrate Potential ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Thawing Permafrost ◽  
Mis 5E

Abstract. In this study the organic matter (OM) in several permafrost cores from Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island in NE Siberia was investigated. In the context of the observed global warming the aim was to evaluate the potential of freeze-locked OM from different depositional ages to act as a substrate provider for microbial production of greenhouse gases from thawing permafrost. To assess this potential, the concentrations of free and bound acetate, which form an appropriate substrate for methanogenesis, were determined. The largest free-acetate (in pore water) and bound-acetate (organic-matrix-linked) substrate pools were present in interstadial marine isotope stage (MIS) 3 and stadial MIS 4 Yedoma permafrost deposits. In contrast, deposits from the last interglacial MIS 5e (Eemian) contained only a small pool of substrates. The Holocene (MIS 1) deposits revealed a significant bound-acetate pool, representing a future substrate potential upon release during OM degradation. Additionally, pyrolysis experiments on the OM allocated an increased aliphatic character to the MIS 3 and 4 Late Pleistocene deposits, which might indicate less decomposed and presumably more easily degradable OM. Biomarkers for past microbial communities, including those for methanogenic archaea, also showed the highest abundance during MIS 3 and 4, which indicated OM-stimulated microbial degradation and presumably greenhouse gas production during time of deposition. On a broader perspective, Arctic warming will increase and deepen permafrost thaw and favor substrate availability from older freeze-locked permafrost deposits. Thus, the Yedoma deposits especially showed a high potential for providing substrates relevant for microbial greenhouse gas production.

scholarly journals The formation of Middle and Upper Pleistocene terraces (<i>Übergangsterrassen</i> and <i>Hochterrassen</i>) in the Bavarian Alpine Foreland – new numeric dating results (ESR, OSL, <sup>14</sup>C) and gastropod fauna analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-164
Author(s):  
Gerhard Schellmann ◽  
Patrick Schielein ◽  
Wolfgang Rähle ◽  
Christoph Burow
Keyword(s):  
Late Glacial ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Fluvial Deposits ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Alpine Foreland ◽  
Numeric Data ◽  
Glacial Periods ◽  
Mis 5E ◽  
Warm Temperate

Abstract. Until now, reliable chronological classifications based on numerical ages for many Pleistocene fluvial deposits in the Alpine Foreland were rare. In this study, new numeric data (ESR, OSL, 14C) from Middle and Upper (Late) Pleistocene Hochterrassen (high terraces) and Übergangsterrassen (transitional terraces) in the Bavarian Alpine Foreland are presented. The dating results imply that the Hochterrassen gravel sensu stricto were deposited during the penultimate glacial (MIS 6, Rissian), and that underlying older gravel accumulation are predominantly of penultimate interglacial (MIS 7, Riss–Riss interglacial) age. In some areas of the Hochterrassen in the Danube valley south of Regensburg (interglacial Hartinger Schichten, Harting layers), and in some areas of the Rainer Hochterrasse (basal gravel unit I), Hochterrassen gravels are underlain by much older interglacial gravel deposits. These interglacial basal gravel deposits illustrate that the downcutting of these valleys far away from areas of Pleistocene foreland glaciations happened predominantly during warm-temperate interglacial or late-glacial periods. One last interglacial (MIS 5e, Riss–Würm interglacial) Hochterrasse is morphologically preserved in the Isar valley. This Jüngere Moosburger Hochterrasse is composed of the Fagotienschotter (Fagotia gravel, named after the gastropod Fagotia acicularis). The next younger terraces are the Early to Middle Würmian (MIS 5d to MIS 3?) Übergangsterrassen (transitional terraces), whereas the younger one of the two Übergangsterrassen was formed most probably during the Middle Würmian (MIS 3).

scholarly journals Pequeños vertebrados del relleno kárstico del Pleistoceno Superior de Avetrana (Apulia, Sur de Italia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
T. Kotsakis ◽  
L. Pandolfi ◽  
L. Maiorino ◽  
C. Petronio ◽  
G. Sansalone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
Erinaceus Europaeus ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Natrix Natrix ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
Mis 5E

El depósito (cavidad kárstica) de La Grave, localidad cercana a la pequeña ciudad de Avetrana (Tarento, Italia meridional), ha dado lugar a numerosos fósiles de vertebrados. Los restos de grandes mamíferos han sido objeto de varios estudios. En este trabajo se examinan los restos de pequeños vertebrados y se identifican cuatro taxones de anfibios (Bufo bufo, Bufotes gr. B. viridis, Hyla gr. H. Arborea and Rana (s.l.) sp.), cuatro de reptiles (Testudo hermanni, Podarcis sp., Zamenis gr. Z. longissimus, Natrix natrix), y nueve de pequeños mamíferos (Erinaceus europaeus, Crocidura suaveolens, Arvicola italicus, Microtus (Terricola) savii, Microtus (Microtus) arva­lis, Apodemus gr. A. sylvaticus - A. flavicollis, Hystrix (Acanthion) vinogradovi, Oryctolagus cuniculus and Lepus corsicanus). Desde un punto de vista biocronológico, los datos sobre los vertebrados pequeños y grandes indican una edad entre el comienzo del Pleistoceno tardío (MIS 5e) y la parte central del MIS 3. Es probable que el estrato fosilífero más reciente (nivel 8) se haya depositado durante un período más frío en comparación con las capas anteriores. Los datos de pequeños vertebrados fósiles combinados con los que proceden de los grandes mamífe­ros y aves evidencian la presencia, cerca de la cavidad kárstica, de espacios abiertos (praderas) con charcos de agua, bordeados por zonas boscosas y, no muy lejos, la presencia de una costa rocosa.

History of Late Pleistocene Permafrost in Southern Ural revealed by studies of speleothems and cave sediments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Dublyansky ◽  
Gabriella Koltai ◽  
Denis Scholz ◽  
Michael Meyer ◽  
Luke Gliganic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Climate ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
Southern Boundary ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Quaternary Climate ◽  
Cave Sediments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mis 5E

&lt;p&gt;In the area of the European-Asian border, in the Ural Mountains, the southern boundary of permafrost has moved in meridional direction by more than 1000 km in response to Quaternary climate variations. During cold climate states, permafrost extended as far south as the Southern Ural (53&amp;#176;N). We studied three independent archives in three caves in the Southern Ural (Shulgan-Tash, Victoria and Grandioznaya) in order to gain insights into the long-term dynamics of permafrost in the region.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Common speleothems (e.g., stalagmites and flowstone) require liquid water to form, and are therefore restricted to permafrost-free periods. Cryogenic cave carbonates (CCC) form when the temperature in the cave is close to or slightly below 0&amp;#176;C (permafrost conditions). These two types of speleothems were dated using the &lt;sup&gt;230&lt;/sup&gt;Th-U method in order to determine the timing of permafrost and permafrost-free conditions. As a novel indicator of freezing conditions in caves we identified frost wedges in silty cave sediments filled by sand. These sands were dated using OSL to constrain the timing of sub-zero rock temperatures (required to form frost wedges) in caves.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stalagmites, abundant in in South Uralian caves, exhibit two prominent growth phases, associated with interglacials &amp;#8211; MIS 5e and Holocene. In addition, mm-thin layers of flowstone formed in one chamber of Shulgan-Tash cave in association with smaller-scale warming episodes during MIS 3 (Greenland interstadials GI-9 and GI-8) and MIS 2 (GI-1; B&amp;#248;lling-Aller&amp;#248;d). All CCC in Shulgan-Tash and Victora caves yielded MIS 3 ages, typically lagging cooling events (Greenland stadials) GS-16.1, GS-15.1, GS-13, GS-12, GS-10, and GS-7 by several hundred years up to one 1 ka. CCC from Grandioznaya cave formed during a single episode following GS-1 (Younger Dryas). Sand filling frost wedges in Victoria cave was washed into the cave during MIS 2, ca. 24-25 ka BP. Apparently, during this time the karst massif hosting the cave was engulfed by permafrost (to a depth of at least 90 m) and flow of water through the cave was severely restricted, which led to back-flooding of the cave passage and the accumulation of several m-thick silt deposits, interspersed with thin sand layers.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The Upper Pleistocene loess/palaeosol sequence from Schatthausen in North Baden-Württemberg

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-227
Author(s):  
Manfred Frechen ◽  
Birgit Terhorst ◽  
Wolfgang Rähle
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Mis 5E ◽  
Age Estimates ◽  
Bt Horizon

Abstract. The loess/palaeosol sequence from the section at Schatthausen in North Baden-Württemberg gives evidence for a younger Bt horizon superimposing the last interglacial palaeosol. This result requires a more careful investigation of polygenetic superimposing palaeosols to avoid misinterpretation of the chronostratigraphic positions. The humic horizon and the underlying Bt horizon were most likely formed during two soil forming periods, as evidenced by means of palaeopedology, phytoliths and luminescence dating. The lowermost Bt horizon (Bt1) was most likely formed during the Eemian interglacial, marine isotope substage (MIS) 5e. The sediment of the uppermost Bt horizon (Bt2) was deposited about 71.5±7.4 ka ago and subsequently superimposed by soil formation most likely during early MIS 3. The Ah horizon covering the Bt gave infrared optically stimulated luminescence (IRSL) age estimates between 52.5±5.5 ka and 45.4±4.7 ka confirming soil formation during MIS 3. Periods of increased dust accumulation rates can be distinguished for the loess/palaeosol sequence by IRSL age estimates. These are from the youngest to the oldest: The Late Glacial loess (MIS 2) with a weighted mean age of 15.2±0.6 ka (N=7), the Middle Pleniglacial sediments (MIS 3) with a weighted mean age of 48.9±2.5 ka (n=4) and the Lower Pleniglacial/Early Glacial sediments (MIS 4/MIS 5) with a deposition age of 71.5±7.4 ka and older loess deposits. The IRSL age estimates are in excellent agreement with the geological estimates and correlate well with the dust peaks of Greenland Icecore record (GRIP). The loess record from Schatthausen complements the loess/palaeosol sequence from the nearby Nußloch section with the late glacial loess and its intercalcated Cryic Gleysols.

Structural analysis of the surface-layer protein of spirillum serpens by high-resolution electron microscopy

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
W. H. Wu ◽  
R. M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Surface Layer Protein ◽  
Morphological Unit ◽  
Resolution Electron

Spirillum serpens possesses a surface layer protein which exhibits a regular hexagonal packing of the morphological subunits. A morphological model of the structure of the protein has been proposed at a resolution of about 25 Å, in which the morphological unit might be described as having the appearance of a flared-out, hollow cylinder with six ÅspokesÅ at the flared end. In order to understand the detailed association of the macromolecules, it is necessary to do a high resolution structural analysis. Large, single layered arrays of the surface layer protein have been obtained for this purpose by means of extensive heating in high CaCl2, a procedure derived from that of Buckmire and Murray. Low dose, low temperature electron microscopy has been applied to the large arrays.As a first step, the samples were negatively stained with neutralized phosphotungstic acid, and the specimens were imaged at 40,000 magnification by use of a high resolution cold stage on a JE0L 100B. Low dose images were recorded with exposures of 7-9 electrons/Å2. The micrographs obtained (Fig. 1) were examined by use of optical diffraction (Fig. 2) to tell what areas were especially well ordered.

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