scholarly journals The Upper Pleistocene loess/palaeosol sequence from Schatthausen in North Baden-Württemberg

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-227
Author(s):  
Manfred Frechen ◽  
Birgit Terhorst ◽  
Wolfgang Rähle
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Mis 5E ◽  
Age Estimates ◽  
Bt Horizon

Abstract. The loess/palaeosol sequence from the section at Schatthausen in North Baden-Württemberg gives evidence for a younger Bt horizon superimposing the last interglacial palaeosol. This result requires a more careful investigation of polygenetic superimposing palaeosols to avoid misinterpretation of the chronostratigraphic positions. The humic horizon and the underlying Bt horizon were most likely formed during two soil forming periods, as evidenced by means of palaeopedology, phytoliths and luminescence dating. The lowermost Bt horizon (Bt1) was most likely formed during the Eemian interglacial, marine isotope substage (MIS) 5e. The sediment of the uppermost Bt horizon (Bt2) was deposited about 71.5±7.4 ka ago and subsequently superimposed by soil formation most likely during early MIS 3. The Ah horizon covering the Bt gave infrared optically stimulated luminescence (IRSL) age estimates between 52.5±5.5 ka and 45.4±4.7 ka confirming soil formation during MIS 3. Periods of increased dust accumulation rates can be distinguished for the loess/palaeosol sequence by IRSL age estimates. These are from the youngest to the oldest: The Late Glacial loess (MIS 2) with a weighted mean age of 15.2±0.6 ka (N=7), the Middle Pleniglacial sediments (MIS 3) with a weighted mean age of 48.9±2.5 ka (n=4) and the Lower Pleniglacial/Early Glacial sediments (MIS 4/MIS 5) with a deposition age of 71.5±7.4 ka and older loess deposits. The IRSL age estimates are in excellent agreement with the geological estimates and correlate well with the dust peaks of Greenland Icecore record (GRIP). The loess record from Schatthausen complements the loess/palaeosol sequence from the nearby Nußloch section with the late glacial loess and its intercalcated Cryic Gleysols.

scholarly journals The formation of Middle and Upper Pleistocene terraces (<i>Übergangsterrassen</i> and <i>Hochterrassen</i>) in the Bavarian Alpine Foreland – new numeric dating results (ESR, OSL, <sup>14</sup>C) and gastropod fauna analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-164
Author(s):  
Gerhard Schellmann ◽  
Patrick Schielein ◽  
Wolfgang Rähle ◽  
Christoph Burow
Keyword(s):  
Late Glacial ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Fluvial Deposits ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Alpine Foreland ◽  
Numeric Data ◽  
Glacial Periods ◽  
Mis 5E ◽  
Warm Temperate

Abstract. Until now, reliable chronological classifications based on numerical ages for many Pleistocene fluvial deposits in the Alpine Foreland were rare. In this study, new numeric data (ESR, OSL, 14C) from Middle and Upper (Late) Pleistocene Hochterrassen (high terraces) and Übergangsterrassen (transitional terraces) in the Bavarian Alpine Foreland are presented. The dating results imply that the Hochterrassen gravel sensu stricto were deposited during the penultimate glacial (MIS 6, Rissian), and that underlying older gravel accumulation are predominantly of penultimate interglacial (MIS 7, Riss–Riss interglacial) age. In some areas of the Hochterrassen in the Danube valley south of Regensburg (interglacial Hartinger Schichten, Harting layers), and in some areas of the Rainer Hochterrasse (basal gravel unit I), Hochterrassen gravels are underlain by much older interglacial gravel deposits. These interglacial basal gravel deposits illustrate that the downcutting of these valleys far away from areas of Pleistocene foreland glaciations happened predominantly during warm-temperate interglacial or late-glacial periods. One last interglacial (MIS 5e, Riss–Würm interglacial) Hochterrasse is morphologically preserved in the Isar valley. This Jüngere Moosburger Hochterrasse is composed of the Fagotienschotter (Fagotia gravel, named after the gastropod Fagotia acicularis). The next younger terraces are the Early to Middle Würmian (MIS 5d to MIS 3?) Übergangsterrassen (transitional terraces), whereas the younger one of the two Übergangsterrassen was formed most probably during the Middle Würmian (MIS 3).

Ice Complex formation on Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (New Siberian Archipelago, East Siberian Arctic) since about 200 ka

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 530-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wetterich ◽  
Natalia Rudaya ◽  
Vladislav Kuznetsov ◽  
Fedor Maksimov ◽  
Thomas Opel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Interglacial Period ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Transport Patterns ◽  
Mis 5 ◽  
Ice Complex

AbstractLate Quaternary landscapes of unglaciated Beringia were largely shaped by ice-wedge polygon tundra. Ice Complex (IC) strata preserve such ancient polygon formations. Here we report on the Yukagir IC from Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island in northeastern Siberia and suggest that new radioisotope disequilibria (230Th/U) dates of the Yukagir IC peat confirm its formation during the Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 7a–c interglacial period. The preservation of the ice-rich Yukagir IC proves its resilience to last interglacial and late glacial–Holocene warming. This study compares the Yukagir IC to IC strata of MIS 5, MIS 3, and MIS 2 ages exposed on Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island. Besides high intrasedimental ice content and syngenetic ice wedges intersecting silts, sandy silts, the Yukagir IC is characterized by high organic matter (OM) accumulation and low OM decomposition of a distinctive Drepanocladus moss-peat. The Yukagir IC pollen data reveal grass-shrub-moss tundra indicating rather wet summer conditions similar to modern ones. The stable isotope composition of Yukagir IC wedge ice is similar to those of the MIS 5 and MIS 3 ICs pointing to similar atmospheric moisture generation and transport patterns in winter. IC data from glacial and interglacial periods provide insights into permafrost and climate dynamics since about 200 ka.

scholarly journals Post-IR IRSL dating of K-feldspar from last interglacial marine terrace deposits on the Kamikita coastal plain, northeastern Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 352-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumi Ito ◽  
Toru Tamura ◽  
Sumiko Tsukamoto
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Marine Terrace ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Infrared Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Marine Terraces ◽  
Northeastern Japan ◽  
Fading Rate ◽  
Mis 5E ◽  
Ne Japan

Abstract To establish a suitable luminescence dating protocol for marine terrace deposits in Japan, we tested the applicability of K-feldspar post-infrared (IR) infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) (pIRIR) dating using a marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e terrace deposit from the Kamikita coastal plain (NE Japan), where independent age control from a tephra is available. One of the most commonly used pIRIR signals, measured at 290°C with the first IR stimulation temperature at 50°C (pIRIR50/290), faded with a mean g2days value of 1.94 ± 0.19%/decade. In contrast, the pIRIR signal with a higher first IR stimulation temperature of 200°C (pIRIR200/290) had a much lower fading rate (g2days = 0.16 ± 0.49%/decade). The average fading-uncorrected and -corrected pIRIR200/290 ages of MIS 5e subtidal sediments obtained from two sampling sites were 126 ± 3 ka and 132 ± 2 ka, which is in good agreement with the independent age control. We conclude that is it is now possible to use pIRIR protocol to estimate the ages of not only marine terraces formed during MIS 5 substages (5a, 5c) but also of older marine terraces, for which age evidence is limited.

Timing of glacier fluctuations and trigger mechanisms in eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau during the late Quaternary

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
XianJiao Ou ◽  
ZhongPing Lai ◽  
ShangZhe Zhou ◽  
LanHua Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Hengduan Mountains ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Glacier Fluctuations ◽  
Mis 3

AbstractIt is highly debated whether glacial advances on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) occurred as a response to temperature cooling, or whether they were forced by an increase in moisture brought by the intensive Indian summer monsoon. We here report a case study investigating this issue. Multiple moraine series in the Yingpu Valley, Queer Shan ranges of the Hengduan Mountains, and eastern QTP, provide an excellent archive for examining the timing and trigger mechanism of glacier fluctuations. Twenty-seven optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) samples of glacial sediments were collected from this valley. The quartz OSL ages show that the moraine series of Y-1, I, M and O were formed during the Late Holocene, Late Glacial, the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (likely mid-MIS-3). The youngest Y-2 moraines probably formed during the Little Ice Age (LIA). The oldest H moraines formed before MIS-3. We found that glacial advances during the late Quaternary at the Yingpu Valley responded to cold stages or cold events rather than episodes of enhanced summer monsoon and moisture. As a result, glaciers in the monsoonal Hengduan Mountains were mainly triggered by changes in temperature. Millennial time scale temperature oscillations might have caused the multiple glacial advances.

scholarly journals Substrate potential of Eemian to Holocene permafrost organic matter for future microbial greenhouse gas production

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina G. Stapel ◽  
Georg Schwamborn ◽  
Lutz Schirrmeister ◽  
Brian Horsfield ◽  
Kai Mangelsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Substrate Potential ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Mis 5E

Abstract. Multiple permafrost cores from Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island in NE Siberia comprising deposits from Eemian to modern time are investigated to evaluate the stored potential of the freeze-locked organic matter (OM) to serve as substrate for the production of microbial greenhouse gases from thawing permafrost deposits. Deposits from Late Pleistocene glacial periods (comprising MIS 3 and MIS 4) possess an increased aliphatic character and a higher amount of potential substrates, and therefore higher OM quality in terms of biodegradation compared to interglacial deposits from the Eemian (MIS 5e) as well as from the Holocene (MIS 1). To assess the potential of the individual permafrost deposits to provide substrates for microbially induced greenhouse gas generation, concentrations of free and bound acetate as an excellent substrate for methanogenesis are used. The highest free (in pore water and segregated ice) and bound (bound to the organic matrix) acetate-substrate pools of the permafrost deposits are observed within the interstadial MIS 3 and stadial MIS 4 period deposits. In contrast, deposits from the last interglacial MIS 5e show only poor substrate pools. The Holocene deposits reveal a significant bound-acetate pool, representing at least a future substrate potential upon release during OM degradation. Biomarkers for past microbial communities (branched and isoprenoid GDGTs) show also highest abundance of past microbial communities during the MIS 3 and MIS 4 deposits, which indicates higher OM quality with respect to microbial degradation during time of deposition. On a broader perspective, Arctic warming will increase permafrost thaw and favour substrate availability from freeze-locked older permafrost deposits. Therefore, especially those deposits from MIS 3 and MIS 4 show a high potential for providing substrates relevant for methanogenesis.

scholarly journals Substrate potential of last interglacial to Holocene permafrost organic matter for future microbial greenhouse gas production

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1969-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina G. Stapel ◽  
Georg Schwamborn ◽  
Lutz Schirrmeister ◽  
Brian Horsfield ◽  
Kai Mangelsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Substrate Potential ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Thawing Permafrost ◽  
Mis 5E

Abstract. In this study the organic matter (OM) in several permafrost cores from Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island in NE Siberia was investigated. In the context of the observed global warming the aim was to evaluate the potential of freeze-locked OM from different depositional ages to act as a substrate provider for microbial production of greenhouse gases from thawing permafrost. To assess this potential, the concentrations of free and bound acetate, which form an appropriate substrate for methanogenesis, were determined. The largest free-acetate (in pore water) and bound-acetate (organic-matrix-linked) substrate pools were present in interstadial marine isotope stage (MIS) 3 and stadial MIS 4 Yedoma permafrost deposits. In contrast, deposits from the last interglacial MIS 5e (Eemian) contained only a small pool of substrates. The Holocene (MIS 1) deposits revealed a significant bound-acetate pool, representing a future substrate potential upon release during OM degradation. Additionally, pyrolysis experiments on the OM allocated an increased aliphatic character to the MIS 3 and 4 Late Pleistocene deposits, which might indicate less decomposed and presumably more easily degradable OM. Biomarkers for past microbial communities, including those for methanogenic archaea, also showed the highest abundance during MIS 3 and 4, which indicated OM-stimulated microbial degradation and presumably greenhouse gas production during time of deposition. On a broader perspective, Arctic warming will increase and deepen permafrost thaw and favor substrate availability from older freeze-locked permafrost deposits. Thus, the Yedoma deposits especially showed a high potential for providing substrates relevant for microbial greenhouse gas production.

scholarly journals A standardized database of MIS 5e sea-level proxies in southern Africa (Angola, Namibia and South Africa)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Andrew G. Cooper ◽  
Andrew N. Green
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Littoral Sediments ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Mis 5E

Abstract. Evidence for sea-level change during and around Marine Isotopic Stage 5e (ca. 125 ka) in southern Africa derives from a wide variety of geomorphic and sedimentological sea-level indicators, supported in the past 2 decades by absolute chronological control. In addition to these proxies, data provided by both terrestrial (dune sediments and archaeological remains) and marine (lagoonal and nearshore littoral sediments) limiting points provide broad constraints on sea level. Here, we review publications describing these data points. Using the framework of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines, we insert in a standardized database all the elements needed to assess former paleo relative sea level, and the chronological constraints associated with them (including uncertainties). Overall, we reviewed 69 studies, from which we extracted 35 sea-level indicators and 25 limiting points. As far as age attribution is concerned, early dating of molluscs and whole-rock beachrock samples using U-Series allowed ating of several sea-level indicators during the 1980s but the more widespread application of Optically Stimulated Luminescence dating since 2004 has yielded many more (and more accurate) dates from several sites. This has helped resolve the nature and timing of MIS5e shorelines and has the potential to further elucidate the apparent presence of two or more sea-level peaks at several South African sites during this interval. The standardized sea-level database presented in this paper is the first of its kind for this region. Future research should be directed to improve the stratigraphic description of LIG shorelines and to obtain better dating, high-accuracy elevation measurements with better palaeo-RSL interpretation.

scholarly journals The Quaternary arthropod fauna of Greenland: a review with new data

2000 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 111-134
Author(s):  
O. Bennike ◽  
S. Björck ◽  
J. Böcher ◽  
I. R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Arthropod Fauna

Arthropod fossils from Quaternary deposits in Greenland are considered. The few occurrences of Early and Middle Pleistocene age have yielded only three species of barnacles. This contrasts sharply with the last interglacial stage which is represented by many sites, from which a range of marine, lacustrine and terrestrial crustaceans and insects are reported. The only secure late glacial sediments from Greenland are found in the far south, and only a few taxa of arthropods have so far been identified from these. The best dated and richest faunas come from the Holocene. Most records of insects are from the late Holocene, but there are also a number of finds from the early and mid Holocene. Arthropods are considered good palaeoclimate indicators, because they are generally dispersed quicker, for example, than vascular plants. This group of animals is also highly useful for reconstructing former ecological conditions, because they occupy such a wide range of biotopes. A total of about 105 taxa have been reported so far, but several groups of arthropods, such as marine ostracodes, chironomids and oribatids, have received little attention, and many more taxa can be expected when these groups are being studied in the future.

scholarly journals Last interglacial (MIS 5e) sea-level proxies in southeastern South America

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-197
Author(s):  
Evan J. Gowan ◽  
Alessio Rovere ◽  
Deirdre D. Ryan ◽  
Sebastian Richiano ◽  
Alejandro Montes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Amino Acid Racemization ◽  
Exceptional Preservation ◽  
Infrared Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Coastal Deposits ◽  
Mis 5E ◽  
Terrace Level

Abstract. Coastal southeast South America is one of the classic locations where there are robust, spatially extensive records of past high sea level. Sea-level proxies interpreted as last interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 5e, MIS 5e) exist along the length of the Uruguayan and Argentinian coast with exceptional preservation especially in Patagonia. Many coastal deposits are correlated to MIS 5e solely because they form the next-highest terrace level above the Holocene highstand; however, dating control exists for some landforms from amino acid racemization, U∕Th (on molluscs), electron spin resonance (ESR), optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL), and radiocarbon dating (which provides minimum ages). As part of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) database, we have compiled a total of 60 MIS 5 proxies attributed, with various degrees of precision, to MIS 5e. Of these, 48 are sea-level indicators, 11 are marine-limiting indicators (sea level above the elevation of the indicator), and 1 is terrestrial limiting (sea level below the elevation of the indicator). Limitations on the precision and accuracy of chronological controls and elevation measurements mean that most of these indicators are considered to be low quality. The database is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991596 (Gowan et al., 2020).

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