scholarly journals La agenda naturalista de las pasiones en la filosofía de la modernidad temprana

Asclepio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonel Toledo Marín ◽  
Samuel Herrera-Balboa ◽  
Carmen Silva
Keyword(s):  
David Hume ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
Pierre Gassendi

En este artículo trataremos de caracterizar las principales razones teóricas del cambio de perspectiva del escolasticismo a la filosofía de la modernidad temprana en lo concerniente al estudio de las facultades cognitivas y emotivas. Para lograr nuestro objetivo, sintetizaremos el contexto intelectual del estudio de las pasiones; después, distinguiremos dos grandes corrientes del pensamiento naturalista: en primer lugar, la tesis reduccionista que fue adoptada, entre otros, por Thomas Hobbes, Pierre Gassendi y René Descartes; en segundo lugar, el proyecto de establecer y describir la “dinámica de la vida mental” que fue desarrollado por Thomas Hobbes, John Locke y David Hume. Al dar cuenta de esto, esperamos también obtener una comprensión más clara sobre los cambios de perspectiva que fueron propuestos por algunos filósofos de la modernidad temprana, cuyas ideas avanzaron hacia la naturalización de la antropología filosófica.

Richard Baxter as Philosophical Theologian

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Sytsma
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Robert Boyle ◽  
Mechanical Philosophy ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
Pierre Gassendi ◽  
The Way

This chapter argues for Baxter’s importance as a theologian engaged with philosophy. Although Baxter is largely known today as a practical theologian, he also excelled in knowledge of the scholastics and was known in the seventeenth century also for his scholastic theology. He followed philosophical trends closely, was connected with many people involved in mechanical philosophy, and responded directly to the ideas of René Descartes, Pierre Gassendi, Robert Boyle, Thomas Willis, Thomas Hobbes, and Benedict de Spinoza. As a leading Puritan and nonconformist, his views are especially relevant to the question of the relation of the Puritan tradition to the beginnings of modern science and philosophy. The chapter introduces the way in which “mechanical philosophy” will be used, and concludes with a brief synopsis of the argument of the book.

The Problem of the External World in René Descartes, Edmund Husserl, Immanuel Kant and the Evil Genius

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Robert Elliott Allinson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
David Hume ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
External World ◽  
George Berkeley ◽  
René Descartes

The need to prove the existence of the external world has been a subject that has concerned the rationalist philosophers, particularly Descartes and the empiricist philosophers such as John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume. Taking the epoché as the key mark of the phenomenologist—the suspension of the question of the existence of the external world—the issue of the external world should not come under the domain of the phenomenologist. Ironically, however, I would like to suggest that it could be argued that the founder of the phenomenological school of thought, Edmund Husserl, also did not avoid the question of the existence of the external world. What I would like to suggest further is that Immanuel Kant grants himself illicit access to the external world and thus illustrates that the question of the external world is vital to the argument structure of the first Critique.

scholarly journals John Locke and a Rene Descartes Epitaph

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-263
Author(s):  
F. Waldmann
Keyword(s):  
John Locke ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
René Descartes

Spinoza, Platonism and Naturalism

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL AYERS
Keyword(s):  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Hierarchical System ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
The Universe

This chapter examines the strands of Platonism and naturalism in philosopher Baruch Spinoza’s metaphysics. It argues that Spinoza’s hierarchical system of substance, attribute, immediate and mediate infinite modes, and finite modes matches in some surprising respects Neoplatonist accounts of the emanation of the universe from God. It suggests that Spinoza’s perception of universal and necessary principles are more related to that of Thomas Hobbes than to Plato or Rene Descartes.

scholarly journals Adam Smith El liberalismo económico

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-69
Author(s):  
Blanca Luz Rache de Camargo
Keyword(s):  
David Hume ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Thomas Hobbes

Inicio del liberalismo económico con sus primeros exponentes: Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, y David Hume. Desarrollo del carácter científico de la economía mediante el pensamiento económico de Adam Smith, expuesto en sus dos grandes obras: Teoría de los sentimientos morales y Causa y naturaleza de la riqueza de las naciones.

scholarly journals Tradução: Dissertação sobre a liberdade (Étienne Bonnot de Condillac)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Augusto Guedes ◽  
Nelson Carvalho Neto
Keyword(s):  
John Locke ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
Etienne Bonnot De Condillac

É célebre o raciocínio “Penso, logo existo”, enunciado pelo filósofo francês René Descartes (1596-1650) na quarta parte de seu Discurso do Método, como sendo o primeiro princípio de sua Filosofia. Além de não podermos duvidar que o sujeito que pensa existe, para Descartes a mente humana é dotada de certas ideias, impressas por Deus, que lhes são inatas. Um dos primeiros a criticar a teoria do conhecimento e o inatismo cartesiano foi o filósofo inglês John Locke (1632-1704), porém, foi seu discípulo francês Étienne Bonnot de Condillac (1714-1780) quem esboçou as críticas mais radicais contra o sistema filosófico de Descartes.

Breve História da Inércia-I: o problema do movimento de Aristóteles a Copérnico

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-266
Author(s):  
Samuel Simon ◽  
Evaldo Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Rene Descartes ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
Pierre Gassendi

Nesse trabalho, examinaremos os estudos sobre o movimento, entendido como translação, ou deslocamento, desde as análises de Aristóteles, passando pelas críticas feitas no período medieval ao aristotelismo, culminando com o trabalho de Nicolau Copérnico, que aprimora a noção de movimento relativo. Se, por um lado, Copérnico prepara o terreno para os estudos de Pierre Gassendi, René Descartes e Galileu Galilei sobre a noção de inércia, por outro lado, ainda mantém certa imagem de natureza com elementos aristotélicos.

Freiheit zur Wahrheit

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Rometsch
Keyword(s):  
John Locke ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
René Descartes

How do our perceptions come about? If our ways of forming them is deterministically given, skeptical objections can no longer be warded off. We might as well be calibrated for errors. If, instead, our cognition works unbounded and free, there is no compulsion to fall prey to error. It is therefore advisable to understand cognitive formation as a plurimodal interaction of activities of perception, imagination and verbalization, the course of which is never determined by the conditions under which it currently stands. Further, we should not describe ourselves as mere "res cogitans," no matter what the philosophical intentions: there is no sense in assuming that we are determined to perform activities of cognition only. In dealing with two major historical examples, these assumptions are developed and tested. It is shown why René Descartes unexpectedly champions them, and which consequences ensue from John Locke´s disregarding them.

Persons in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century British Philosophy

Persons ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 154-181
Author(s):  
Antonia LoLordo
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
David Hume ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Moral Personhood ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
Early Modern Britain ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the rise of the problem of personal identity and the relation between moral and metaphysical personhood in early modern Britain. I begin with Thomas Hobbes, who presents the first modern version of the problem of diachronic identity but does not apply it to persons. I then turn to John Locke, who grounds the persistence of persons in a continuity of consciousness that is important because it is necessary for morality, thus subordinating metaphysical personhood to moral personhood. Finally, I examine how the relationship between moral personhood and metaphysical personhood is treated in three of Locke’s critics: Edmund Law, Catherine Trotter Cockburn, and David Hume.

The Body of Light in Renaissance England

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-62
Author(s):  
Simon Cox
Keyword(s):  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Subtle Body ◽  
Mechanical Philosophy ◽  
Renaissance England ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
Body Concept ◽  
New Form ◽  
Cambridge Platonists

This chapter engages with the first Anglophone attestations of the term “subtle body.” It appears first in the contentious correspondence between Thomas Hobbes and Rene Descartes between whom there was some disagreement over who plagiarized the idea from whom. Most of the chapter is taken up with the Cambridge Platonists who came in their wake, who formulated complex philosophical and mythological views of the Neoplatonic vehicles of the soul, now under the English name “subtle body.” It ends with Lady Anne Conway, who fuses the Platonism of the Cambridge group with Kabbalah to create a new form of spiritual monism. This chapter is significantly about how the subtle body concept was employed by Renaissance Platonists arguing against the reductive materialism of Cartesian mechanical philosophy.

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