scholarly journals Ship Evacuation and Emergency Response Trends

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Stefanidis ◽  
E Boulougouris ◽  
D Vassalos
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Societal Pressure ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Assessment Standards ◽  
Accident Response ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Regulatory Landscape ◽  
State Of Art ◽  
New System

Accidents such as the Costa Concordia and more recently the Viking Sky incident cause a societal pressure for improving safety and emergency response in passenger ships. Finding realistic solutions for improvement requires first and foremost an understanding of the current regulatory landscape and the corresponding performance assessment standards. The first part of this paper is dedicated to the provision of a comprehensive outline of the regulatory framework that will ensure compliance of any new system and model developed. The second part is dedicated on the state-of-art projects and novel ideas on ship evacuation analyses, Life Saving Appliances (LSAs), Search and Rescue (SAR) with the purpose of unveiling areas for improvement. Finally, having identified the gaps in the aforementioned topics, suggestions are made on how future work can address the challenges of marine accident response.

scholarly journals Early Detection of Exposure to Toxic Chemicals Using Continuously Recorded Multi-Sensor Physiology

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3616
Author(s):  
Jan Ubbo van Baardewijk ◽  
Sarthak Agarwal ◽  
Alex S. Cornelissen ◽  
Marloes J. A. Joosen ◽  
Jiska Kentrop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Counter Measures ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Future Work

Early detection of exposure to a toxic chemical, e.g., in a military context, can be life-saving. We propose to use machine learning techniques and multiple continuously measured physiological signals to detect exposure, and to identify the chemical agent. Such detection and identification could be used to alert individuals to take appropriate medical counter measures in time. As a first step, we evaluated whether exposure to an opioid (fentanyl) or a nerve agent (VX) could be detected in freely moving guinea pigs using features from respiration, electrocardiography (ECG) and electroencephalography (EEG), where machine learning models were trained and tested on different sets (across subject classification). Results showed this to be possible with close to perfect accuracy, where respiratory features were most relevant. Exposure detection accuracy rose steeply to over 95% correct during the first five minutes after exposure. Additional models were trained to correctly classify an exposed state as being induced either by fentanyl or VX. This was possible with an accuracy of almost 95%, where EEG features proved to be most relevant. Exposure detection models that were trained on subsets of animals generalized to subsets of animals that were exposed to other dosages of different chemicals. While future work is required to validate the principle in other species and to assess the robustness of the approach under different, realistic circumstances, our results indicate that utilizing different continuously measured physiological signals for early detection and identification of toxic agents is promising.

Is now the time to invest in emergency smart-navigated multiple-response quadcopter fleets?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
Timotius Kartawijaya ◽  
Edwin Townsend ◽  
Kevin Tully ◽  
Paul Isihara ◽  
Danilo R. Diedrichs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Fleet Size ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Emergency Response System ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Design Life ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Technology

With increased development of unmanned aerial vehicle technology and its application during humanitarian response to emergencies, the issue of smart navigation as a better alternative to manual operators is becoming increasingly significant. In response to a SmartAmerica initiative to design life-saving cyber-physical systems, a prototype Smart Emergency Response System (SERS) was developed in 2013–2014 to coordinate futuristic disaster response by cyber agents including ground and aerial telerobots and biobots. A more immediate application of the SERS system is simulation of quadcopter response to 911 police and fire requests. Tailoring parameters to specific locations, simulations inform decisions about effective quadcopter fleet size and quantify improved operator cost efficiency of a smart-navigated response.

scholarly journals Virtual reality for older users: a systematic literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rômulo Santos Silva ◽  
Artur Martins Mol ◽  
Lucila Ishitani
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Virtual And Augmented Reality ◽  
Future Work ◽  
State Of Art

The use of technologies by the elderly is still restricted, especially concerning recent technologies. To better understand the older user experience, while using virtual reality technology, we performed a Systematic Literature Review. The databases selected for research were the digital libraries of ACM, IEEE, Science Direct and Google Scholar. During the literature review, we col- lected information about the characteristics of the participants of the studies selected, the experiences reported about the use of technology, the research method used, the technologies chosen for the tests, the results obtained and future work suggested. The main contributions of this work were to identify the state of art of virtual and augmented reality for older people, the possible applications of these technologies to them, the most used devices and also the considerations reported by previous experiences.

Design and Implementation Issues for Convincing Conversational Agents

2011 ◽  
pp. 156-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Löckelt
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Narrative ◽  
Dialogue Systems ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Implementation Level ◽  
Multimodal Dialogue ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Future Work ◽  
New System

This chapter describes a selection of experiences from designing and implementing virtual conversational characters for multimodal dialogue systems. It uses examples from the large interactive narrative VirtualHuman and some related systems of the task-oriented variety. The idea is not to give a comprehensive overview of any one system, but rather to identify and describe some issues that might also be relevant for the designer of a new system, to show how they can be addressed, and what problems still remain unresolved for future work. Besides giving an overview of how characters for interactive narrative systems can be built in the implementation level, the focus is on what should be in the knowledge base for virtual characters, and how it should be organized to be able to provide a convincing interaction with one or multiple characters.

Some Developments in the use of Latin Character for the Writing of Kurdish

1933 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-642
Author(s):  
C. J. Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
The Press ◽  
European Students ◽  
Future Work ◽  
New System

In the JRAS. of January, 1931, I offered some “Suggestions for the Use of Latin Character in the Writing of Kurdish”. A certain number of changes in these first proposals subsequently appeared desirable in the light of criticism and of further experiment and experience. In the meantime Tewfiq Wehbi Beg, on whose modified Arabic alphabet my suggestions had been based, finding that his new system made little appeal to his compatriots, decided to abandon it, for the purposes of his future work, in favour of Latin. European students of Iranian philology will welcome the appearance in Latin character of the work of an accomplished native Kurdish scholar ; how far the books now in the press and under preparation will appeal to other Kurds remains to be seen.

scholarly journals Is the Food and Drug Administration Safe and Effective?

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas J Philipson ◽  
Eric Sun
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Drug Safety ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Product Liability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Liability Law ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Prescription Drug User ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Future Work

In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provides public oversight of the safety and efficacy of drugs; medical devices; biologics like vaccines and blood products; cosmetics; radiation-emitting electronic products; veterinary products; and all foods, except meat and poultry (which are regulated by the Department of Agriculture). According to the FDA, the products it regulates account for more than one-fifth of U.S. consumer spending. In the area of medical products, the FDA is responsible for determining whether marketed products are both safe and effective before and after they have been marketed. In this paper, we will explore whether the policies of the agency itself are safe and effective. We stress two issues, one static and one dynamic. The static issue concerns the potential duplication inefficiency when product safety is protected not only by the FDA but also by the private sector through product liability law. Put another way, what is the rationale for using product liability and the FDA to regulate drug safety? While intuitively it may seem that two systems must be better than one in ensuring drug safety, each system comes with costs. We then turn to the dynamic issue, the speed–safety trade off, and consider the extent to which higher safety is achieved at a cost of later market entry of effective and even life-saving products. We assess the Prescription Drug User Fee Acts (PDUFAs), which increased the speed of the agency's regulatory process starting in 1992, although according to some, at the cost of reducing drug safety. We conclude by suggesting a research agenda for future work on the Food and Drug Administration.

scholarly journals A Method to Account for Personnel Risk Attitudes in System Design and Maintenance Activity Development

Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Rathwell ◽  
Douglas L. Van Bossuyt ◽  
Anthony Pollman ◽  
Joseph Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
System Components ◽  
Engineering Practices ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New System

Systems engineering practices in the maritime industry and the Navy consider operational availability as a system attribute determined by system components and a maintenance concept. A better understanding of the risk attitudes of system operators and maintainers may be useful in understanding potential impacts the system operators and maintainers have on operational availability. This article contributes to the literature a method that synthesizes the concepts of system reliability, and operator and maintainer risk attitudes to provide insight into the effect that risk attitudes of systems operators and maintainers have on system operational availability. The method consists of four steps providing the engineer with a risk-attitude-adjusted insight into the system’s potential operational availability. Systems engineers may use the method to iterate a system’s design or maintenance concept to improve expected operational availability. If it is deemed necessary to redesign a system, systems engineers will likely choose new system components and/or alter their configuration; however, redesign is not limited to physical alteration of the system. Several other options may be more practical depending the system’s stage in the life cycle to address low risk-adjusted operational availability such as changes to maintenance programs and system supportability rather than on component and system reliability. A simple representative example implementation is provided to demonstrate the method and discussion of the potential implications for Navy ship availability are discussed. Potential future work is also discussed.

Facial Beauty Prediction and Analysis Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jwan Najeeb Saeed ◽  
◽  
Adnan Mohsin Abdulazeez ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Feature Representation ◽  
Computer Prediction ◽  
Facial Beauty ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Deep Convolution Neural Network ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Future Work ◽  
A Current ◽  
State Of Art

Facial attractiveness or facial beauty prediction (FBP) is a current study that has several potential usages. It is a key difficulty area in the computer vision domain because of the few public databases related to FBP and its experimental trials on the minor-scale database. Moreover, the evaluation of facial beauty is personalized in nature, with people having personalized favor of beauty. Deep learning techniques have displayed a significant ability in terms of analysis and feature representation. The previous studies focussed on scattered portions of facial beauty with fewer comparisons between diverse techniques. Thus, this article reviewed the recent research on computer prediction and analysis of face beauty based on deep convolution neural network DCNN. Furthermore, the provided possible lines of research and challenges in this article can help researchers in advancing the state – of- art in future work.

Developing of China Nuclear Emergency Response Ability Post Fukushima Accident

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangang Zhang ◽  
Rongyao Tang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Xu ◽  
Yapeng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Fukushima Accident ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Emergency Response System ◽  
Response System ◽  
Accident Response ◽  
Nuclear Emergency

After Fukushima nuclear accidents, China timely started national nuclear emergency coordination mechanism, and the national nuclear emergency organizations carried out effective response, strengthened communication with IAEA, widely collected all kinds of related information, carried out the monitoring on the land, sea, air, and ocean, predicted the accident consequence, and increased public communication. On all kinds of nuclear facilities, governments required the urgent circular-self safety assessments by each operators, and organized safety inspection groups to comprehensive on-site safety supervision and inspection. Safety inspection thought China overall nuclear safety condition was controllable, and safety was guaranteed. Meanwhile, safety improvements of NPPs considered the external disaster warning and operational, waterproof ability evaluations and improvements of important buildings, etc. China reported China radiation monitoring data to IAEA emergency center, and organized Chinese nuclear emergency expert delegation to develop technical exchanges with Japanese experts. From fukushima nuclear accident response experiences, China national nuclear emergency response ability should continue to increase according to the national nuclear energy scale: (1) Nuclear emergency response professional capacity needs to increase and professional quantity also need to increase. (2) Nuclear emergency response technique and ability needs to emphasize, and the practicability, systematic and integration of nuclear emergency response system also need to emphasize. (3) The operation mechanism and guarantee conditions of national nuclear emergency response system should be further to take attention and should be continuous to improve.

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