scholarly journals Modelling the potential role of media campaigns on the control of Listeriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 7580-7601
Author(s):  
C. W. Chukwu ◽  
◽  
F. Nyabadza ◽  
Fatmawati ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
The Impact

<abstract><p>Human Listeria infection is a food-borne disease caused by the consumption of contaminated food products by the bacterial pathogen, Listeria. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model to analyze the impact of media campaigns on the spread and control of Listeriosis. The model exhibited three equilibria namely; disease-free, Listeria-free and endemic equilibria. The food contamination threshold is determined and the local stability analyses of the model is discussed. Sensitivity analysis is done to determine the model parameters that most affect the severity of the disease. Numerical simulations were carried out to assess the role of media campaigns on the Listeriosis spread. The results show that; an increase in the intensity of the media awareness campaigns, the removal rate of contaminated food products, a decrease in the contact rate of Listeria by humans results in fewer humans getting infected, thus leading to the disease eradication. An increase in the depletion of media awareness campaigns results in more humans being infected with Listeriosis. These findings may significantly impact policy and decision-making in the control of Listeriosis disease.</p></abstract>

scholarly journals Modeling the Potential Role of Media Campaigns on the Control of Listeriosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.W. Chukwu ◽  
F. Nyabadza
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Free

AbstractThe human Listeriosis infection is a food-borne disease caused by the consumption of food products contaminated by the bacterial pathogen, Listeria. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model to analyse the impact of media awareness campaigns on the spread and control of Listeriosis. The model equilibria are determined and the model has three equilibria namely; the disease-free, the Listeria-free, and the endemic equilibria. The food contamination constant (ℛf) is determined and the stability analysis shows that the disease-free steady state is locally asymptotically stable if ℛf < 1, the Listeria-free and endemic steady states are locally asymptotically stable whenever ℛf > 1. Sensitivity analysis is done to determine the model parameters that most affect the severity of the disease. Numerical simulations are carried out to determine the role of media awareness campaigns on the spread of the Listeriosis. The results show that an increase in the intensity of the media awareness campaigns and removal of contaminated food products, a decrease in the contact rate, results in fewer humans getting infected leading to disease eradication, while an increase in the depletion of media awareness campaigns results in more humans been infected with Listeriosis. These findings may significantly impact policy and decision making in the control of Listeriosis disease.

scholarly journals On the mathematical modelling and analysis of Listeriosis from contaminated food products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verediana Mbalilo ◽  
Williams Chukwu ◽  
Farai Nyabadza
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
South African ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
African Government ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Disease Free

Listeriosis is a foodborne disease caused by a bacterium known as Listeria monocytogenes. Humans can be infected by consuming contaminated food products. A transmission can also occur through contact with infected animals or people, however to a less extent. In this paper, a mathematical model for Listeriosis dynamics was developed. The steady states and their stability of the model system were determined and analyzed. The result shows that the disease free equilibrium is asymptotically stable if the bacteria growth rate is less than its removal rate, and also the growth rate of food contamination is less than its removal rate. It was further observed that we can still have Listeriosis driven by the contaminated food products even if the Listeria bacteria population in the environment is very small. The results indicate that Listeriosis can be effectively controlled by removing contaminated food products, which was the policy adopted by the South African government during the recent Listeriosis outbreak.

scholarly journals The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Restoring Green Concepts: Qataris Response to Social Media Campaigns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Media Technology ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
And Behavior

This research focuses on consumer behavior in Qatar and the individual social responsibility in support of environment. The research also describes the role of social media and CSR in promoting awareness campaigns and how effective they are in changing conceptions and behavior. This is measured by focusing on standards, emotions and actions of individuals and how they are affected by CSR campaigns launched by corporations and public sectors.The study measures the uses and impact of new media technology such as mobile applications and social media in achieving the environment pillar of Qatar vision 2030 in addition to designing effective CSR campaign. The Trans theoretical Model of behavior change, by Prochaska and DiClemente (1983) will be examined through a quantitative analysis on social media users.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Awareness Media Campaigns in Pakistan: Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Women

2020 ◽  
Vol V (II) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Arsha Saleem Meer ◽  
Rao Shahid Mahmood Khan ◽  
Malik Adnan Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Breast Cancer Awareness

The core objective of the study was to find out the knowledge, attitude and practices of women in the general population and also to investigate the significant role of media awareness campaigns in each aspect of KAP among women. A total number of n=375 women of three renowned universities of southern Punjab were selected through simple random sampling technique. Data was collected through a self-constructed questionnaire comprised of socio-economic status and knowledge, attitude and practices section in their respective educational institutes. Findings indicated that media campaigns had established good knowledge and satisfactory attitude towards breast cancer, but these campaigns are proved less significant in convincing people for screening their breast without any prominent symptoms. This study concluded that media awareness campaigns are significant in providing knowledge and establishing good attitude but less effective in providing knowledge about the importance of screening practices among women of the general population.

Role of Through Silicon Via in 3D Integration: Impact on Delay and Power

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150051
Author(s):  
Shivangi Chandrakar ◽  
Deepika Gupta ◽  
Manoj Kumar Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
3D Integration ◽  
Coupling Behavior ◽  
Power Delay Product ◽  
Silicon Vias ◽  
The Impact

The metal–semiconductor (MES)-based through silicon vias (TSV) has provided attractive solutions over conventional metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) TSVs in recent three-dimensional (3D) integration. This paper aims a comprehensive performance analysis of MIS and MES structures considering different TSV shapes such as cylindrical, tapered, annular, and square. At 32[Formula: see text]nm technology, a CMOS-based coupled driver-via-load (DVL) setup is introduced wherein each via is represented an equivalent RLGC model of MIS- and MES-based TSV shapes. The proposed electrical model accurately considers the impact of micro bump and inter-metal dielectric (IMD) effects at 32[Formula: see text]nm technology as per the fabrication house. A 3D electromagnetic (EM) structural wave simulation is performed to validate the RLGC model parameters of different TSV structures for an operating frequency of up to 20[Formula: see text]GHz. The proposed DVL setup is used to analyze the propagation delay, power dissipation, and dynamic crosstalk for different MIS- and MES-based TSV shapes. A significant improvement in the cross-coupling behavior can be obtained using the MES-based tapered TSV compared to the other MIS structures. Additionally, the power delay product (PDP) of the tapered MES is reduced by 92.4% compared to the conventional MIS-based cylindrical TSV.

scholarly journals The Role of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 455-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Feldman ◽  
Ronald Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWith the notable exceptions of the United States and Canada in particular, the global burden of disease in adults due to invasive infection with the dangerous respiratory, bacterial pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) remains. This situation prevails despite the major successes of inclusion of polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in many national childhood immunization programs and associated herd protection in adults, as well as the availability of effective antimicrobial agents. Accurate assessment of the geographic variations in the prevalence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has, however, been somewhat impeded by the limitations imposed on the acquisition of reliable epidemiological data due to reliance on often insensitive, laboratory-based, pathogen identification procedures. This, in turn, may result in underestimation of the true burden of IPD and represents a primary focus of this review. Other priority topics include the role of PCVs in the changing epidemiology of IPD in adults worldwide, smoking as a risk factor not only in respect of increasing susceptibility for development of IPD, but also in promoting pneumococcal antibiotic resistance. The theme of pneumococcal antibiotic resistance has been expanded to include mechanisms of resistance to commonly used classes of antibiotics, specifically β-lactams, macrolides and fluoroquinolones, and, perhaps somewhat contentiously, the impact of resistance on treatment outcome. Finally, but no less importantly, the role of persistent antigenemia as a driver of a chronic, subclinical, systemic proinflammatory/procoagulant phenotype that may underpin the long-term sequelae and premature mortality of those adults who have recovered from an episode of IPD, is considered.

scholarly journals Contribution of vaccines to our understanding of pneumococcal disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1579) ◽  
pp. 2790-2798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith P. Klugman
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotypes ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recent Demonstration

Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality in children in developing countries and is also the leading infectious cause of death in adults. The most important cause of pneumonia is the Gram-positive bacterial pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae , also known as the pneumococcus. It has thus become the leading vaccine-preventable cause of death and is a successful and diverse human pathogen. The development of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines has made possible the prevention of pneumococcal disease in infants, but has also elucidated aspects of pneumococcal biology in a number of ways. Use of the vaccine as a probe has increased our understanding of the burden of pneumococcal disease in children globally. Vaccination has also elucidated the clinical spectrum of vaccine-preventable pneumococcal infections; the identification of a biological niche for multiple pneumococcal serotypes in carriage and the differential invasiveness of pneumococcal serotypes; the impact of pneumococcal transmission among children on disease burden in adults; the role of carriage as a precursor to pneumonia; the plasticity of a naturally transformable pathogen to respond to selective pressure through capsular switching and the accumulation of antibiotic-resistance determinants; and the role of pneumococcal infections in hospitalization and mortality associated with respiratory viral infections, including both seasonal and pandemic influenza. Finally, there has been a recent demonstration that pneumococcal pneumonia in children may be an important cause of hospitalization for those with underlying tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Mathematical analysis of an age structured epidemic model with a quarantine class

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bedreddine AINSEBA ◽  
Tarik Touaoula ◽  
Zakia Sari
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Asymptotic Behavior Of Solutions ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Qualitative Behavior ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, an age structured epidemic Susceptible-Infected-Quarantined-Recovered-Infected (SIQRI) model is proposed, where we will focus on the role of individuals that leave their class of quarantine before being completely recovered and thus will participate again to the transmission of the disease. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of solutions by studying the stability of both trivial and positive equilibria. In order to see the impact of the different model parameters like the relapse rate on the qualitative behavior of our system, we firstly, give the explicit expression of the epidemic reproduction number $R_{0}.$ This number is a combination of the classical epidemic reproduction number for the SIQR model and a new epidemic reproduction number corresponding to the individuals infected by a relapsed person from the R-class. It is shown that, if $R_{0}\leq 1$, the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and becomes unstable for $R_{0}>1$. Secondly, while $R_{0}>1$, a suitable Lyapunov functional is constructed to prove that the unique endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable on some subset $\Omega_{0}.$

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Phage-Based Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes in Food Products and Food Processing Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1764
Author(s):  
Iwona Kawacka ◽  
Agnieszka Olejnik-Schmidt ◽  
Marcin Schmidt ◽  
Anna Sip
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Matrix Properties

Providing safe products and compliance of legal requirements is still a great challenge for food manufacturers regarding microbiological safety, especially in the context of Listeria monocytogenes food contamination. L. monocytogenes is a human pathogen, which, due to the ability of survival and proliferation in preservation conditions such as high salinity, acidity and refrigeration temperatures, is a significant threat to the food industry. Novel methods of elimination of the bacterial pathogen in food products and food processing environments are required. Among emerging technologies, one of the very promising solutions is using bacteriophages as natural control agents. This review focus on the major aspects of phage-based inhibition of L. monocytogenes in aspects of food safety. We describe an overview of foods and technological factors influencing the efficacy of phage use in biocontrol of L. monocytogenes. The most noteworthy are food matrix properties, phage concentration and stability, the time of phage application and product storage temperature. The combined methods, phage immobilization (active packing), pathogen resistance to phages and legislation aspects of antilisterial bacteriophage use in the food industry are also discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of Media Campaigns in Raising Awareness of Development Issues and Their Relationship to the Level of Anxiety in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-349
Author(s):  
Sameh Awadalla El-Sayad Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Health Campaign ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Satellite Channels

The study sought to determine the role of media campaigns in educating university youth about various developmental issues and their relationship to their level of anxiety. The study is descriptive. It relied on the survey method on a sample of 400 adolescents at Ain Shams University. The most important forms of benefiting from the follow-up of media campaigns related to development issues came to provide them with important information about development issues, give a sense of confidence in state institutions, increase the sense of responsibility towards society, follow up on current development issues, awareness and interest in them. The most important media campaigns presented on satellite channels related to development issues are health awareness campaigns (Coronavirus - C virus campaign - 100 million health campaign - breast cancer), slum development campaigns, solidarity and dignity campaign to support the needy, small and micro enterprises support campaign, payment campaigns, electronic, economic campaign (price reduction - price control), low-income support campaign (supply system - bread system), campaigns for the disabled and people with special needs. The positive aspects of media campaigns related to development issues came as follows: The presented development issues are new and consistent with the current needs of society, their goals are clear and specific, their design is innovative, they encourage positive change, they seek to meet the needs of the ordinary citizen, the celebrities involved in media campaigns, the serious development issues that It presents it through its messages, the technical methods used in presenting development issues.

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