scholarly journals Optimal production, pricing and government subsidy policies for a closed loop supply chain with uncertain returns

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1389-1414
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Chen ◽  
◽  
Kui Li ◽  
Fuqiang Wang ◽  
Xihua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Optimal Production ◽  
Closed Loop Supply Chain

scholarly journals Game-Theoretic Analysis to Examine How Government Subsidy Policies Affect a Closed-Loop Supply Chain Decision

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Ewa Nielsen ◽  
Sani Majumder ◽  
Subrata Saha
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Closed Loop Supply Chain ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Game Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
The Government

The pros and cons of government subsidy policies in a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) setting on optimal pricing, investment decisions in improving product quality, and used product collection under social welfare (SW) optimization goal have not been examined comprehensively. This study compares the outcomes of three government policies under manufacturer-Stackelberg (MS) and retailer-Stackelberg (RS), namely (i) direct subsidy to the consumer, (ii) subsidy to the manufacturer to stimulate used product collection, and (iii) subsidy to the manufacturer to improve product quality. Results demonstrate that the greening level, used product collection, and SW are always higher under the RS game, but the rate of a subsidy granted by the government is always higher under the MS game. Profits for the CLSC members and SW are always higher if the government provides a subsidy directly to the consumer, but productivity of investment in the perspective of the manufacturer or government are less. In a second policy, the government organizations grant a subsidy to the manufacturer to stimulate used product collection, but it does not necessarily yield the desired outcome compared to others. In a third policy, the manufacturer receives a subsidy on a research and development (R&D) investment, but it yields a sub-optimal greening level. This study reveals that the outcomes of subsidy policies can bring benefit to consumers and add a degree of complication for CLSC members; government organizations need to inspect carefully among attributes, mainly product type, power of CLSC members, and investment efficiency for the manufacturer, before implementing any subsidy policies so that it can lead to an environmentally and economically viable outcome.

Modeling and Analysis of the Manufacturers Inventory in Closed-Loop Supply Chain

2014 ◽  
Vol 541-542 ◽  
pp. 1507-1512
Author(s):  
Le Ma ◽  
Yi Chai
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Reverse Supply Chain ◽  
Inventory Theory ◽  
Optimal Production ◽  
Closed Loop Supply Chain ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Object Based

In this paper, the closed-loop supply chain inventory management as the research object, based on traditional inventory theory forward and reverse supply chain will be presented by combining deterministic closed-loop supply chain manufacturer's optimal inventory policy, determined by calculating the optimal production lot and do sensitivity analysis.

scholarly journals Integrated Operational Model of Green Closed-Loop Supply Chain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6041
Author(s):  
Chui-Yu Chiu ◽  
Chen-Yang Cheng ◽  
Ting-Ying Wu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Reverse Supply Chain ◽  
Closed Loop Supply Chain

Due to increasing environmental awareness, companies have started embracing the green supply chain concept to reduce waste of resources. Based on this increased awareness, an integrated green closed-loop supply chain has been developed, which integrates the forward supply chain and reverse supply chain. The reverse supply chain follows the same path as the forward supply chain in the reverse direction to recycle used products. Due to the uncertain quality of used products, not all products can be selected for recycling and reproduction, as the reduced yield might decrease the overall net income in the supply chain. The study develops an evaluation model to consider government subsidy, used product recycling rate, and quality of the used products to explore their impacts on the entire system. The results show that when the reproducibility rate of used raw materials decreases, the net income would also decrease accordingly. Furthermore, when government subsidy increases, the net income of the supply chain also increases accordingly. Similarly, when the recycling rate of used products increases, the net income also increases. As government subsidy affects the net income more than the recycling rate of used products, this research concludes that government subsidy is a key factor in the green closed-loop supply chain.

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