Stress Response of Different Exposure Time by UV 254 on the Biology and Body Total Protein and Genomic DNA Content of Red Cotton Bug

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
Kitherian Sahayaraj ◽  
Nithyanatham Auxelia
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Genomic Dna

Changes in protein during development of Triturus embryos

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-659
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Imoh ◽  
Tsutomu Minamidani
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Tail Bud ◽  
Stage Of Development

The present paper reports basic data on DNA content, protein content, and protein synthesis in Triturus pyrrhogaster embryos during development from cleavage to the hatching stage. Except for measurements of DNA and total protein contents, embryos were labeled with sodium carbonate-14C for 10 h and fractionated into embryonic cell components, i.e. cytoplasmic mass, yolk and pigment granules, and nuclei, in a discontinuous density gradient of sucrose. The protein content and the radioactivity incorporated into protein were measured in each fraction. Those fractions combining protein soluble in buffer at pH 8·3 and in 0·25 N-HCl were further studied with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the newt embryo, four stages of active DNA increase were observed when cultured at constant temperature; they were gastrula, neurula, late tail-bud, and before-hatching stages. Total protein per embryo decreased from 3 to 2 mg during the development studied. The content of cytoplasmic soluble protein per embryo was low and constant throughout development. Synthesis of the fraction was observed at the earliest stage of development studied though the rate was not high and specific activity of the soluble protein increased during development. Qualitative changes in the newly synthesized protein were observed. With the yolk fraction, synthesis of protein, other than from probable contamination with the cytoplasmic fraction, was not detected and a detailed description was omitted. Changes were observed at two stages of development in the synthesis of nuclear protein soluble in buffer at pH 8·3, the first at gastrulation and the second at late tail-bud stage. The change at gastrulation seemed to be the start of syntheses of the nuclear soluble proteins, while quantitative enhancement rather than qualitative change was noticed at late tail-bud stage. Most of the nuclear protein soluble in 0·25 N-HCI was histone. The histone content increased in accordance with increase in the DNA content and the rate of DNA accumulation was accompanied by proportionate incorporation of radioactivity into histone. Among histone fractions, unique behaviour of the very lysine-rich histone was observed. The availability of [14C]sodium carbonate in rough estimations of protein synthesis in embryos and significance of the data obtained have been discussed.

RAPD and Protein Analyses Revealed Polymorphism in Mutated Potato Cultivars

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irshad Ahmad ◽  
Samiullah Khan ◽  
Muhammad Arshad Javed ◽  
Fahrul Zaman Huyop ◽  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Polymorphic Behavior ◽  
Mutant Lines

Genomic DNA of the mutant lines of the three potato cultivars, Cardinal, Diamant and Desiree, with respect to controls were isolated and analyzed for polymorphisms by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Four 10 bp random fragment primers, S-13, S-18, S-19 and R-17 were studied and all of them gave the amplification of genomic DNA. All of the mutant lines gave different banding pattern against different primers with respect to control plants of the three varieties, and bands are present at 50 bp to 1500 bp. All these primers with specific banding pattern were unique in their polymorphic behavior. Different banding pattern of total protein contents were also observed by PAGE analysis of all the mutant lines as compared with the control plants. It is therefore suggested that RAPD and protein analyses would be important tools to detect the polymorphism in mutated lines of potato.

Phenotypic Correlates of Genomic DNA Content in Unicellular Eukaryotes and Other Cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Shuter ◽  
J. E. Thomas ◽  
W. D. Taylor ◽  
A. M. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Unicellular Eukaryotes

scholarly journals Milk composition of rats feeding restricted litters

1986 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 917-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Grigor ◽  
J Allan ◽  
A Carne ◽  
J M Carrington ◽  
A Geursen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Milk samples were taken from rats feeding ten pups and from both the suckled and non-suckled glands of rats feeding two pups. The lipid, protein and lactose concentrations were similar in the milks from the secreting glands, but the fluid from the non-suckled glands contained less lactose and lipid but significantly higher total protein and transferrin concentrations. The fatty acid compositions of the milk from the three sources were very similar. The mammary tissue from the rats feeding ten pups had a higher DNA content/g wet wt. than either the suckled or non-suckled mammary tissue of the rats feeding two pups. The specific activities of several lipogenic enzymes were significantly lower in the non-suckled mammary tissue.

Characterization of Fibronectin Assembly by Adherent Platelets Under Flow Conditions: Effect of Shear Stress and Role of β3 Integrins

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 5191-5191
Author(s):  
Khon C. Huynh ◽  
Volker R. Stoldt ◽  
Marianna Gyenes ◽  
Rüdiger E. Scharf
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Platelet Surface ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Static Conditions

Abstract Abstract 5191 Introduction: To fulfill their role in hemostasis, circulating platelets need to irreversibly adhere to the site of vascular injury and to resist to shear stress generated by the flowing blood. We previously reported that there is a relationship between the conformation of fibronectin (Fn) and its role in platelet adhesion and aggregation (Huynh, K. C. et al., ASH Annual Meeting Abstract, 2011. 118(21): p. 2209). In the present study, we examined the effect of shear stress on the assembly of Fn by adherent platelets. Moreover, we studied the role of β3 integrins (αIIbβ3 and αvβ3) in Fn assembly under flow conditions. Methods: Alexa fluor 488-conjugated fibronetin (Fn488) was added to suspensions of washed platelets (108/ml) in HEPES Tyrode buffer. CaCl2 (2 mM) and ADP (10 μM) were added immediately prior to the experiments. The samples (150 μl) were subsequently applied onto plates precoated with 50 μg/ml Fn. A DiaMed Impact-R device was used to generate shear rates of 500 s−1 or 5000 s−1 for 2 min or 10 min. Nonadherent platelets were removed by washing with PBS buffer followed by addition of 150 μl of 2 % DOC lysis buffer. Lysates were collected and total protein concentrations were determined by Bradford assay. The DOC-insoluble pellets containing Fn fibrils were isolated by centrifugation at 13, 500 rpm for 20 min. Pellets were then solubilized with 100 μl of 1 % SDS buffer. Equal amounts of samples based on total protein concentrations were loaded onto wells of 96-well microplates. Fluorescence signals from Fn488 of samples were recorded by a Fluoroskan microplate reader. In some experiments, abciximab (anti-β3, 10 μg/ml) or LM609 (anti-αvβ3, 5 μg/ml) antibody, were added to platelet mixtures before loading onto Fn precoated plates. All data were collected from at least three different experiments and analyzed using GraphPad Quickcals. To test for statistical differences, student's t-test was used. Results: Fn assembly by adherent platelets was strongly affected by the applied shear rate but not by the exposure time to shear. At a shear rate of 500 s−1, there were no insoluble Fn fibrils detectable in samples with adherent platelets after 2 or 10 min. When shear rates increased from 500 s−1 to 5000 s−1, the amount of insoluble Fn detectable on platelets after 2 and 10 min increased significantly (p < 0. 05) suggesting that adherent platelets exposed to high shear rates assemble more Fn fibrils on their surface. However, prolongation of exposure time to shear from 2 to 10 min did not result in significantly more Fn assembled by adherent platelets. By contrast, there were no insoluble fibrils that could be detected with adherent platelets under static conditions for 2 and 10 min. After 2 min at a shear rate of 5000 s−1, platelets blocked with abciximab showed a significant decrease in the amounts of insoluble Fn fibrils in comparison with control experiments (no antibody) (p = 0. 02). Similar inhibitory effects could be seen with platelets treated with LM609. In parallel experiments in which 10 min at 5000 s−1 were applied, both abciximab and LM609 had an inhibitory effect on Fn fibrillogenesis with a stronger effect by abciximab. Taken together, these data show that αvβ3 even at the low expression on platelets plays a major role in initiating the fibrillogenesis of Fn under high shear rate conditions, whereas αIIbβ3 contributes to the progression of Fn fibrils formation subsequently. Conclusion: Our observations document that the assembly of Fn on the surface of adherent platelets is strongly affected by shear rate conditions. In addition, our data imply that, despite its lower expression on platelet surface, αvβ3 provides a significant contribution in initiating the Fn assembly under high flow conditions, as compared with αIIbβ3. By contrast, αIIbβ3 with its abundant amount on the platelet surface probably exerts its effect in the later phase of Fn fibrillogenesis. The present findings support the contention that not a single integrin or Fn binding domain, but multiple interaction steps including different molecules and Fn domains may be involved in assembling Fn. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The influence of the maternal thyroid hormone environment during pregnancy on the ontogenesis of brain and placental ornithine decarboxylase activity in the rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Pickard ◽  
A. K. Sinha ◽  
L. Ogilvie ◽  
R. P. Ekins
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Postnatal Brain

ABSTRACT The influence of maternal hypothyroxinaemia on early brain and placental development was examined in a partially thyroidectomized (parathyroid-spared; TX) rat dam model. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) specific activity, along with more general indices of cell growth, were determined in prenatal whole brain (at 15, 19 and 22 days of gestation), postnatal brain regions (at 5, 10 and 14 days) and placenta. Maternal hypothyroxinaemia resulted in reductions in fetal body weight, brain weight, brain DNA content and brain total protein content at 15 days of gestation; the latter effect persisting until 19 days of gestation. Further changes in brain cell growth were observed near term, when an increase in the DNA concentration was accompanied by a decrease in the total protein: DNA ratio. Growth of the postnatal brain regions appeared normal, with the exception of an isolated increase in the protein content of the cerebellum at postnatal day 5. Determination of the specific activity of brain ODC revealed a complex pattern of change in the progeny of TX dams, super-imposed upon the normal ontogenetic decline. In the fetal brain, activity was initially deficient at 15 days of gestation but was increased at 22 days of gestation relative to controls. The compromise extended into the postnatal period; ODC specific activity being transiently reduced in the brainstem, the subcortex and the cerebral cortex. Placental development was less consistently affected; wet weight, gross indices of cell growth (DNA content, DNA concentration, total protein: DNA ratio) and ODC specific activity were all normal in the TX dam. However, cytosolic and total protein concentrations were reduced at 15 and 19 days of gestation respectively. These results demonstrate abnormal fetal brain cell development as a consequence of maternal hypothyroxinaemia. The damage extended into the neonatal period, well after the onset of fetal thyroid hormone synthesis. Although the reduced supply of maternal thyroxine to the fetal brain may play a major role in this dysgenesis, factors such as the impairment of placental function must be taken into consideration. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 139, 205–212

Cardiac growth in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2368-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Farrell ◽  
A. M. Hammons ◽  
M. S. Graham ◽  
G. F. Tibbits
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Cardiac Growth ◽  
Ventricular Mass

Relative ventricular mass, percent compact myocardium, total protein, DNA content, and myocyte size were determined for rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, ranging in size from 10 to 2000 g. Ventricular mass, ventricular total protein, and DNA content increased linearly with body size. The DNA to protein ratio was reduced slightly over a 100-fold range of body size. Myocyte size increased with heart size. However, the estimated 1.7-fold increase in myocyte volume for a 10-fold increase in heart weight was incompatible with a corresponding 10-fold increase in total protein. Since DNA content increased 10-fold it is suggested that long-term cardiac growth in rainbow trout involves both hyperplasia and hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Variation in RNA expression and genomic DNA content acquired during cell culture

2004 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 476-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
L R Hiorns ◽  
T D Bradshaw ◽  
L A Skelton ◽  
Q Yu ◽  
L R Kelland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Rna Expression

scholarly journals Genetic and Phenotypic Diversities in Experimental Populations of Diploid Inter-Lineage Hybrids in the Human Pathogenic Cryptococcus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1579
Author(s):  
Man You ◽  
Yuxin Monica Lin ◽  
Annamaria Dobrin ◽  
Jianping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Genome Instability ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Mitotic Division ◽  
Fluconazole Resistance ◽  
Apparent Correlation ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Growth Ability

To better understand the potential factors contributing to genome instability and phenotypic diversity, we conducted mutation accumulation (MA) experiments for 120 days for 7 diploid cryptococcal hybrids under fluconazole (10 MA lines each) and non-fluconazole conditions (10 MA lines each). The genomic DNA content, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) rate, growth ability, and fluconazole susceptibility were determined for all 140 evolved cultures. Compared to that of their ancestral clones, the evolved clones showed: (i) genomic DNA content changes ranging from ~22% less to ~27% more, and (ii) reduced, similar, and increased phenotypic values for each tested trait, with most evolved clones displaying increased growth at 40 °C and increased fluconazole resistance. Aside from the ancestral multi-locus genotypes (MLGs) and heterozygosity patterns (MHPs), 77 unique MLGs and 70 unique MPHs were identified among the 140 evolved cultures at day 120. The average LOH rates of the MA lines in the absence and presence of fluconazole were similar at 1.27 × 10−4 and 1.38 × 10−4 LOH events per MA line per mitotic division, respectively. While LOH rates varied among MA lines from different ancestors, there was no apparent correlation between the genetic divergence of the parental haploid genomes within ancestral clones and LOH rates. Together, our results suggest that hybrids between diverse lineages of the human pathogenic Cryptococcus can generate significant genotypic and phenotypic diversities during asexual reproduction.

Geographic and Ecological Distribution of Genomic DNA Content Variation in Microseris douglasii (Asteraceae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. James Price ◽  
Kenton L. Chambers ◽  
Konrad Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
Content Variation ◽  
Dna Content Variation
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