Effects of Design Parameters of a Cultivator Share on Draft Force and Soil Loosening in a Soil Bin

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Marakoglu ◽  
K. Carma
Keyword(s):  
Design Parameters ◽  
Draft Force ◽  
Soil Bin

scholarly journals Innovative Design and Performance Evaluation of Bionic Imprinting Toothed Wheel

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zhihong Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyang Wang ◽  
Jin Tong ◽  
Carr Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Outer Contour ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Reduction Property ◽  
Draft Force ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Soil Bin

A highly efficient soil-burrowing dung beetle possesses an intricate outer contour curve on its foreleg end-tooth. This study was carried out based on evidence that this special outer contour curve has the potential of reducing soil penetration resistance and could enhance soil-burrowing efficiency. A toothed wheel is a typical agricultural implement for soil imprinting, to increase its working efficiency; the approach of the bionic geometrical structure was utilized to optimize the innovative shape of imprinting toothed wheel. Characteristics in the dung beetle’s foreleg end-tooth were extracted and studied by the edge detection technique. Then, this special outer contour curve was modeled by a nine-order polynomial function and used for the innovative design of imprinting the tooth’s cutting edge. Both the conventional and bionic teeth were manufactured, and traction tests in a soil bin were conducted. Taking required draft force and volume of imprinted microbasin as the evaluating indexes, operating efficiency and quality of different toothed wheels were compared and investigated. Results indicate that compared with the conventional toothed wheel, a bionic toothed wheel possesses a better forward resistance reduction property against soil and, meanwhile, can enhance the quality of soil imprinting by increasing the volume of the created micro-basin.

Evaluation of Inter-Row Sweeps with Different Working Widths

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Songül Gürsoy ◽  
Ying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Draft Force ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Measurements ◽  
Soil Bin ◽  
Sweep Width ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Abstract. Little information is available on the performance of inter-row sweeps. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of inter-row sweeps for mechanical weed control. Sweeps with different working widths (153, 280, and 330 mm) were tested at different working speeds (0.70, 1.53, and 2.22 m s-1) and a constant working depth (50 mm) in an indoor soil bin with a sandy loam soil. Measurements included soil disturbance characteristics: distance of soil throw (L), width of disturbed soil (W), mass of soil throw (M), height of soil ridge (H), and draft force (Fd). Results showed that L increased linearly with the working speed, but L was not affected by the working width of the sweeps. In contrast, W was slightly affected by the speed, but it was significantly increased if a wider sweep was used. Effects of working speed on M and H depended on the sweep width, and the smallest sweep traveling at 2.22 m s-1 resulted in the highest M and H. Draft force was higher for a wider sweep and a higher working speed. Considering the potential weeding efficiency (defined as the ratio of W and Fd), the width of sweep would not make any differences, and a lower working speed would result in better performance. Keywords: Draft force, Inter-row, Soil disturbance, Speed, Sweep, Weeding.

scholarly journals Soil-tool interaction of a simple tillage tool in sand

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 08007
Author(s):  
Lucian V. Fechete-Tutunaru ◽  
Ferenc Gaspar ◽  
Zoltan Gyorgy
Keyword(s):  
Rake Angle ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Response Variable ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Edge Angle ◽  
Draft Force ◽  
Tillage Depth ◽  
Soil Bin

This study was focused to experimentally evaluate the draft force on a simple tillage tool operating in different conditions in sand. The soil-tool interaction was evaluated in controlled laboratory conditions in a soil bin. A full multilevel factorial experiment was used with one response variable and four experimental factors. The selected design 3 tools × 3 tillage depth × 3 rake angle × 3 forward speed with two replications had a total of 243 runs. Influence of four independent variables including tillage depth (15, 20, 25 cm), rake angle (25, 35, 50 degrees), forward speed (0.67, 0.98, 1.39 m/s) and cutting-edge angle of the tool (30, 45 and 60 degrees) on draft force as the dependent variable was evaluated.

Novel Design of a Precision Planter for a Robotic Assistant Farmer

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Aminzadeh ◽  
Reza Fotouhi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
Draft Force ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Optimum Manner ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Pulling Force ◽  
Soil Bin ◽  
Robotic Assistant

Farming consumes considerable energy, natural resources and intensive human labor. Robotic assisted farmer can make farming activities more precise and more efficient; particularly it may remedy shortage of farmers in the future. A planter is a mechanism which performs precision seeding. Design of a planter in the optimum manner that needs minimum draft force when attached to a mobile robot, was the main objective of this work. A planter was developed, fabricated and tested in the course of a research project. The main motivation for this research is the fact that a mobile robot, is an electric powered vehicle with limited power and pulling force. Thus, a customized planter with a customized connection mechanism should be designed that can be pulled by mobile robot. The developed planter should have the same efficiency as the existing planters in seeding. To study the interaction between soil engagement tool (disc coulter) and soil, experiments were performed in the Linear Soil Bin. Different parameters of the disc coulter were changed and the draft force, vertical force and side force were measured. The results of the experiments were used to find the optimum parameters of the disc that caused minimum draft force. A novel planter was designed and fabricated; it was attached to a mobile robot, and field tested. Tests performed in outdoor and indoor settings showed satisfactory results. Draft force developed on the planter was close to analytical value and performance of the planter in other aspects was as expected.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Soil Water Content in the Soil-Tool DEM Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornél Tamás ◽  
István J. Jóri
Keyword(s):  
Young Modulus ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Viscous Damping ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Soil Model ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Draft Force ◽  
Soil Bin ◽  
Dem Model

The Discrete Element Method (DEM) for describing the action mechanism between soil and sweep tool can be used to perform a detailed analysis of draft force, soil cutting, clod-crushing and loosening by taking into account the tillage speed and the three soil phases. This study describes the simulation of the 3D DEM soil model and a cultivator sweep digitized with a 3D scanner, showing the soil—sweep interaction as a function of implement draft force and implement operating speed. The suitability of the model is validated by comparing the results of laboratory and simulated shear tests (static validation) with the results of soil bin tests (dynamic validation). The mechanical parameters of the sandy soil used for the soil bin tests were measured using the direct shear box test. Cohesion for the soil model used during simulations was set using the parallel bond contact model, where the determining factors were the Young modulus for particle contact (Ec) and bonding (Ēc), the Poisson’s ratio (nu), the normal (σ) and shear (τ) bond strength and the radius of the related volume (cylinder). Once the DEM model parameters were set, the draft force values measured during dynamic testing were harmonized using the value for viscous damping (ci). The dynamic soil—sweep model was validated using the viscous damping applied based on the simulated and measured draft force values. The validation of the Young modulus to 0.55e6 Pa (Kn = 1.73e4 N/m, Ks = 8.64e3 N/m) enabled us to set the draft force values of the model for different speeds (0.8–4.1 m/s) with an accuracy of 1–4%. During the analysis of changes in tillage quality, the developed dynamic soil—sweep model showed a high degree of porosity (48%) due to grubbing in the attenuated speed range (0.5–2.1 m/s), and a decreasing tendency (0.41–0.39%) in the non-damped speed range (2.1–4.1 m/s). After the initial equilibrium state, the ratio of average particle contacts for the given porosity decreased in the attenuated speed range (coord number: 4.8), and a slight decrease was also found above speeds of 2.1 m/s (coord number: 5.2). In the model, clod-crushing was examined based on the ratio of sliding contacts, and we found a continuous increase (sliding fraction: 2–15%) in the speed range used for the simulation (0.8–4.1 m/s).

Instrumented Soil Bin for Testing Soil-Engaging Tools

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad R. Mahadi ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Pieter Botha
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Test Tool ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Draft Force ◽  
Soil Cutting ◽  
Soil Bin

Abstract. An indoor soil bin was developed in this study for testing soil-engaging tools. The design criteria included that the soil bin had to be compact, well controlled in its operational parameters, instrumented to measure soil cutting forces, and be safe to operate. The test tool could travel at any specific speed, up to 8 km h-1. A compact dynamometer was designed for the soil bin for measuring soil cutting forces in three directions. The calibration results of the dynamometer showed a linear relationship between the loads and the output voltages, with coefficients of determination of 0.99. The cross sensitivity between the directions was from 0.31% to 4.7%. The soil bin and the dynamometer were tested using a disc operated at three values of tilt angle of 0°, 10°, and 20°. The test results showed that the soil bin allowed precise control of the tool travel speed and working depth in the designed ranges. Forces of the disc had an increase in vertical and lateral forces, and decrease in draft force, with the increase in tilt angle. These trends are in line with other studies in the literature. The results proved the full-functioning status of the soil bin and the dynamometer. Keywords: Calibration, Design, Disc, Dynamometer, Soil bin, Test, Tilt angle.

scholarly journals Embodiment design of a soil bin for soil-tool interaction study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012229
Author(s):  
A U Karmarkar ◽  
N R Gilke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
Embodiment Design ◽  
Operation Speed ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Draft Force ◽  
Soil Bin ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The agriculture industry is an important aspect of Indian economy. The changes occurring in global climate and increased frequency of extreme weather conditions pose challenges for agriculture industry. In such unpredictable conditions, achieving required outputs from farming for supporting continuously increasing population necessitates the mechanization of traditional processes. The selection of machinery for such mechanized setup is a key management task. Tractor is one of the farm machines being used in various farm related operations. Thus understanding constraints imposed on selection of a tractor is a primary factor in decision making process. The study has highlighted importance of power requirement for farming operation in tractor selection process. Thus to determine power requirement for farming operation a study of soil-tool interaction is necessary. A soil bin setup is one of the tools for studying the soil-tool interaction. This work presents the conceptual and embodiment design of a soil bin developed to find variation in draft force with respect to variations in the parameters like tillage depth, operation speed and soil moisture level. The tillage depth and operation speed were found to be directly proportional whereas the soil moisture level was found to be inversely proportional to the draft force.

scholarly journals TiCrN-TiAlN-TiAlSiN-TiAlSiCN multi-layers utilized to increase tillage tools useful lifetime

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahab Sharifi Malvajerdi ◽  
Ahmad Sharifi Malvajerdi ◽  
Majid Ghanaatshoar ◽  
Morteza Habibi ◽  
Hassan Jahdi
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Post Annealing ◽  
Coating Morphology ◽  
Draft Force ◽  
Soil Bin ◽  
First Time ◽  
Useful Lifetime

AbstractFor the first time, a hard wear-resistant multi-layer of TiCrN-TiAlN-TiAlSiN-TiAlSiCN was deposited on carbon steel CK45-based tillage tools to increase their useful lifetime. The layers were deposited by using an arc-PVD method without post-annealing procedures. XRD and EDX data indicated that TiCrN, TiAlN, TiAlSiN, and TiAlSiCN formed individually and as a multi-layer of high-quality crystalline layers with mostly cubic structures. The studies on the multi-layers coating morphology, roughness and hardness gave reasonable results as a roughness of 35 nm and a hardness of 32.2 GPa. The coated sweep duck blade tillage tools were tested on the field along with a soil bin to obtain their wear behavior at different traveling distances. The draft force of all blades showed promising results. As the coated layers were worn off, their draft force increased. In comparison with single-layer coatings, the multi-layer structure demonstrated an increase in the useful lifetime of the blades.

The influence of confocal microscope design on imaging performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
C J R Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Confocal Microscope ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Weak Signals ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Imaging Performance ◽  
Fundamental Limitation

The confocal microscope is now widely used in both biomedical and industrial applications for imaging, in three dimensions, objects with appreciable depth. There are now a range of different microscopes on the market, which have adopted a variety of different designs. The aim of this paper is to explore the effects on imaging performance of design parameters including the method of scanning, the type of detector, and the size and shape of the confocal aperture.It is becoming apparent that there is no such thing as an ideal confocal microscope: all systems have limitations and the best compromise depends on what the microscope is used for and how it is used. The most important compromise at present is between image quality and speed of scanning, which is particularly apparent when imaging with very weak signals. If great speed is not of importance, then the fundamental limitation for fluorescence imaging is the detection of sufficient numbers of photons before the fluorochrome bleaches.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document