Evaluation of Inter-Row Sweeps with Different Working Widths

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Songül Gürsoy ◽  
Ying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Draft Force ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Measurements ◽  
Soil Bin ◽  
Sweep Width ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Abstract. Little information is available on the performance of inter-row sweeps. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of inter-row sweeps for mechanical weed control. Sweeps with different working widths (153, 280, and 330 mm) were tested at different working speeds (0.70, 1.53, and 2.22 m s-1) and a constant working depth (50 mm) in an indoor soil bin with a sandy loam soil. Measurements included soil disturbance characteristics: distance of soil throw (L), width of disturbed soil (W), mass of soil throw (M), height of soil ridge (H), and draft force (Fd). Results showed that L increased linearly with the working speed, but L was not affected by the working width of the sweeps. In contrast, W was slightly affected by the speed, but it was significantly increased if a wider sweep was used. Effects of working speed on M and H depended on the sweep width, and the smallest sweep traveling at 2.22 m s-1 resulted in the highest M and H. Draft force was higher for a wider sweep and a higher working speed. Considering the potential weeding efficiency (defined as the ratio of W and Fd), the width of sweep would not make any differences, and a lower working speed would result in better performance. Keywords: Draft force, Inter-row, Soil disturbance, Speed, Sweep, Weeding.

THE EFFECT OF K AND Cl FERTILIZER ADDITIONS ON BARLEY HERBAGE YIELD AND NUTRIENT CONTENT IN UNDISTURBED AND ARTIFICIALLY COMPACTED SOIL CORES

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-739
Author(s):  
C. A. GRANT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Loam Soil

Disturbed soil cores, at two bulk densities, and undisturbed soil cores were collected from two fields which had been maintained under reduced tillage management. Dry matter yield of growth chamber-grown barley in the disturbed soil cores was equal to or lower than that produced in the undisturbed cores but was unaffected by degree of soil compaction. Increase in dry matter yield in response to K or Cl fertilization was greater in disturbed than undisturbed soils. Compaction did not generally influence response to KCl fertilization. Soil disturbance did not consistently influence concentration of N, K or Cl in barley tissue. Tissue content of Zn was increased by soil disturbance in the clay loam soil and decreased by soil disturbance in the sandy loam soil. Compaction did not influence tissue content of N or Cl. Compaction did not influence K content of plants grown on the clay loam soil, which initially had high levels of plant-available K, but reduced K content of plants grown on K-deficient sandy loam soil. Increased compaction also reduced the Zn content of plants in the sandy loam soil but increased Zn content of plants in the clay loam soil. Application of KCl or CaCl2 increased Cl content of barley tissue and tended to reduce the N content of the tissue, particularly in the clay loam soil. Application of KCl or KNO3 increased K concentration in barley tissue grown on the K-deficient sandy loam soil but not on the higher K clay loam soil.Key words: Potassium, chloride, zinc, compaction, bulk density, barley

scholarly journals Design, Construct and Evaluation of a Single Row Hand-Pushed Mechanical Weed Control Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-406
Author(s):  
A. Saleh ◽  
M.L. Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
Peasant Farmers ◽  
Control Machine

Weed control is one of the major problems in crop and vegetable production in Nigeria. Most of the peasant farmers use manual weeders in their cultivation, a process that is costly, labour intensive and time consuming. The process does not also give the farmer adequate returns to enable him breakeven. It is, therefore, necessary to design a weeding equipment which minimize the human effort and provide efficient work output for the peasant farmer. This study focus on designing, construction and evaluation of a hand-pushed weed control machine that would eliminate the challenges being faced by the farmer in weeding. Materials selected to suit the construction of the weeder are durable and locally available, easily replaced if damaged and at affordable cost. They include mild steel (3mm, 5mm), 30 mm circular (hollow) pipes, 10 mm diameter steel rod, and 40 cm pneumatic tyre. The developed weeding machine was evaluated in the experimental farm of IAR with impressive results. It works well in sandy loam soil of about 25.65% moisture content and requires less labour force compared to the manual hoe. It has about 84.7% weeding efficiency, 0.0129ha/hr effectivefield capacity, 0.019ha/hr theoretical field capacity and 68% field efficiency. The average cost of the weeding is N21, 000:00. Keywords: Manual weeding, hand-pushed weeder, weeding efficiency, field efficiency

Influence of Simulated Rainfall and Soil Moisture on Herbicidal Activity of Cinmethylin

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Russell ◽  
Thomas J. Monaco ◽  
Jerome B. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Prickly Sida

Field trials were conducted in 1986 and 1987 to determine the effects of moisture on herbicidal activity of cinmethylin applied preemergence at 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 kg ai ha to both dry and moist sandy loam soil. Herbicide application was followed by varying amounts of irrigation. Weed species included velvetleaf, prickly sida, green foxtail, and barnyardgrass. When cinmethylin was applied to a moist soil or when 2.5 cm of irrigation was applied 5 days after cinmethylin application to a dry soil, overall weed control was reduced. Optimum weed control resulted from cinmethylin application to dry soil followed either by a 2.5-cm irrigation within 8 h or a 7.6-cm irrigation within 36 h.

Weed Management in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Grown in Two Row Spacings

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Miller ◽  
Lyle M. Carter ◽  
Charles Carter
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Loam Soil

Tillage plus trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) and prometryn [2,4-bis (isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine] and tillage plus trifluralin and fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] applied as soil-incorporated preplanting treatments were compared with tillage alone in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) grown in 51-cm and 102-cm rows on fine sandy loam soil. Over 3 yr, cotton grown in 51-cm rows yielded 15% more than cotton grown in 102-cm rows. Final cotton emergence was not altered by weed-control treatment or by planting pattern. Weed-control treatments with herbicides provided essentially complete, season-long control of grass and broadleaf weeds. At cotton layby, more weeds were in no-herbicide plots with 51-cm rows compared with 102-cm rows, but at cotton harvest numbers of weeds in both row patterns were essentially equal.

Subsurface Application and Shallow Incorporation of Herbicides on Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Wiese ◽  
E. B. Hudspeth
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Loam Soil

In a 3-year study on four soil types, subsurface application just ahead of a planter with a device that removed the top from the bed, applied a band of spray, and covered the band with soil reduced weed control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) obtained with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron), 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methylmercapto-s-triazine (prometryne), 3-(hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylurea (norea), dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA), and 1,1-dimethyl-3(α,α,α,-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea (fluometuron) compared to applications on the soil surface. This machine improved weed control with α,α,α,-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin). Shallow incorporation, with two helical blades, after planting increased weed control with trifluralin, diuron, and DCPA by 10% or more over the surface applications. This incorporator increased weed control obtained with prometryne and norea 5%. Very shallow incorporation, with metal tines, after planting improved weed control obtained with trifluralin and DCPA 18 and 11%, respectively. Weed control with norea was increased 7%, but metal tines did not appreciably affect weed control obtained with prometryne, diuron, or fluometuron. Compared to surface applications, incorporation increased cotton injury with diuron, norea, prometryne, and fluometuron on sandy loam soil.

scholarly journals Preliminary Assessment on Riverine Soil Properties of Sg. Lebir, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-52
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Unconsolidated Material ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Mean

Soil is the unconsolidated material in which plants are rooted. Soil texture is determined by the amount of sand, silt and clay in the soil. Understanding soil properties can help to better management and minimize soil disturbance. These soils were collected for soil properties and bulk density along the 55.2km of Sg. Lebir. Soil on Earth commonly contains of various particles such as sand, silt and clay. These particles commonly classes by refer to soil textural triangle. 40g of air-dried sample diluted into 1000ml of deionised water were left until the percentage of sand, silt and clay observed then calculated as percentage. As calculated, the mean percentage of sand contained is 66%, clay 17% and silt 17%. Besides that, it was concluded that most of the soils texture along 55.2km of Sg. Lebir had a sandy loam soil with pH slightly acidic (6.08) with densities the mean is 0.24 gcm-3.

scholarly journals Weed control and grain yield in double-cropped soybean

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Milena Simic ◽  
Nebojsa Momirovic ◽  
Zeljko Dolijanovic ◽  
Zeljko Radosevic
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Correlation Data ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Loam Soil

The effects of different herbicide combinations: control (1), alachlor+linuron (2), and alachlor+linuron+imazethapyr (3) were investigated in double-cropped soybean grown in two row spacing variants, 38 cm and 76 cm, under conventional tillage (CT) or no-tillage (NT). In trials conducted on a sandy loam soil at Zemun Polje, high weediness had a negative effect of on the yield of double-cropped soybean, especially at the higher row spacing tested and with no-tillage. Regression and correlation data revealed a dependence of weediness in double-cropped soybean on tillage system and herbicide combination, and dependence of soybean yield on tillage system.

Dissipation of Alachlor, Metolachlor, and Atrazine from Starch-Encapsulated Formulations in a Sandy Loam Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
William C. Koskinen ◽  
Marvin M. Schreiber ◽  
Jianying Gan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Atrazine Concentration ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Soil Dissipation ◽  
Loam Soil

Research was conducted to determine the effect of starch encapsulation on soil dissipation and weed control with alachlor, metolachlor, and atrazine on an Estherville sandy loam in the field. Starch encapsulation increased persistence of alachlor in the surface 15 cm of soil compared to the emulsifiable concentrate formulation during the first 60 d after treatment More alachlor was detected 30 to 75 cm deep with emulsifiable concentrate than the starch-encapsulated formulation 30 d after treatment. Little alachlor was detected below 15 cm thereafter. Starch encapsulation also increased persistence of metolachlor in the surface 15 cm, but reduced concentrations at 15 to 30 cm compared to the emulsifiable concentrate 30 d after treatment. By 120 and 340 d after treatment, metolachlor concentrations at 15 to 30 cm were greater with starch-encapsulated than emulsifiable concentrate formulation. Starch encapsulation greatly increased atrazine persistence in the surface 15 cm compared to the dry flowable formulation. Although encapsulation increased atrazine concentration in the surface 15 cm, it reduced the concentration below 15 cm compared to the dry flowable formulation 30 and 60 d after treatment However, by 120 and 340 d after treatment, starch encapsulation often resulted in greater atrazine concentrations below 15 cm than the dry flowable formulation. Control of green foxtail and redroot pigweed with starch-encapsulated herbicides was similar or superior to the commercial formulations.

Application of bispyribac-sodium provides effective weed control in direct-planted rice on a sandy loam soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHAWAR JABRAN ◽  
EHSANULLAH ◽  
MUBSHAR HUSSAIN ◽  
MUHAMMAD FAROOQ ◽  
MUHAMMAD BABAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil
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