Running economy and its correlation to performance and fitness variables in recreationally-trained distance runners

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.N. Bozzini ◽  
J.K. Pellegrino ◽  
A.J. Walker ◽  
B.A. McFadden ◽  
A.N. Poyssick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Physiological Capacity

Specific physiological attributes such as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and running economy (RE) have been suggested to help predict long distance performance in endurance athletes. Despite this, investigations of RE have yielded conflicting results, particularly when comparing elite and recreational runners. The purpose of this study was to illustrate correlations between RE, expressed as submaximal oxygen consumption at a given speed, and time trial (TT) performance in addition to various fitness markers in endurance-trained individuals. Trained distance runners (n=21) performed a battery of tests over three sessions to provide measurements of RE at 2.68 m/s (RE2.68) and 4.25 m/s (RE4.25), TT performance, VO2max, velocity at ventilatory threshold (VVT), and body composition. Pearson-product moment correlations, defined as weak (r≥0.25), moderate (r≥0.45), and strong (r≥0.65), were calculated among all measures and significance was set at P<0.05. The findings suggested that faster TT performance was significantly (P<0.05) correlated to a higher VO2max (r=-0.86) and lower body fat percentage (BF%; r=0.78). However, TT performance displayed only a weak trend to RE4.25 (r=-0.40, P=0.07) and was not correlated to RE2.68 (r=0.15; P>0.05). Additionally, better RE4.25 (i.e. decreased submaximal oxygen consumption) was associated with a lower VO2max (r=0.66, P<0.05) and an increased BF% (r=-0.46, P<0.05). RE2.68 revealed no significant relationships with these measures. Comparable to their elite counterparts, higher aerobic capacity is strongly linked to performance in recreational distance runners, though in this cohort RE only weakly related to performance at the faster velocity. Finally, the inverse relationship between markers of overall fitness and RE suggests that enhanced RE may be an adaptive response to a limited physiological capacity in this population.

Physiologic Comparison of Adolescent Female and Male Cross-Country Runners

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee N. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Cross Country Runners

To compare the physiologic differences between adolescent male and female cross-country runners, 12 male and 12 female high school nonelite distance runners who had competed successfully at the All State 5-km championship cross-country meet were tested in the laboratory. Data were analyzed in relation to maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), ventilatory threshold (VT), and running economy (RE). Male runners were taller, heavier, had less body fat, and ran faster by 2 minutes and 18 seconds than female runners. Running economy was similar between gender. VO2 at a 215 m•min−1 pace was 46.7 ml•kg−1•min−1 for male runners and 47.8 ml•kg−1•min−1 for female runners. At the VT, males demonstrated a higher VO2 and treadmill velocity than females. Heart rate, percent HR max, and percent VO2 max at the VT were not different between gender. Males demonstrated a higher VO2 max of 74.6 versus 66.1 ml•kg−1•min−1 than female runners. The fractional utilization of VO2 at race pace was not different between males (90%) and females (91%). In conclusion, the primary physiologic determinant for performance differences between nonelite, competitive male and female adolescent distance runners is associated with VO2 max.

scholarly journals Srovnání ekonomiky běhu na základě příjmu kyslíku u vytrvalostních běžců na asfaltu, škváře a tartanu

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Chovancová ◽  
Martina Bernaciková ◽  
Jan Novotný ◽  
Tomáš Kalina ◽  
Miriam Kalichová
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Stress Testing ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Energetic Aspect

The purpose of this study was to compare running economy (by oxygen consumption) in long distance runners on three different surfaces (asphalt, cinder and tartan). Thirty Czech long distance runners (age: 25.1±4.3 years, height: 183.2±7.4 cm, body mass: 72.4±6.0 kg, BMI: 22.5±1.4 and VO2 max: 65.8±5.2 ml∙min∙kg-1) participated in this study. We measured oxygen uptake by wireless, portable cardiopulmonary stress testing system (Oxygen Mobile, Viasys) on each surface during running at speeds: 10, 12, 14 and 16 km∙h-1. Differences of oxygen uptake were assessed statistically using parametric ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD test. We found significant differences between asphalt and cinder for 12, 14 and 16 km∙h-1. Differences of average values of oxygen uptake on tartan at 10 km∙h-1:35.2±2.8 ml∙min∙kg-1; 12 km∙h-1: 41.0±3.4 ml∙min∙kg-1; 14 km∙h-1: 47.8±4.2 ml∙min∙kg-1a 16 km∙h-1: 54.2±4.9 ml∙min∙kg-1; on cinder at 10 km∙h-1: 36.2±3.6 ml∙min∙kg-1; 12 km∙h-1: 42.5±3.9 ml∙min∙kg-1; 14 km∙h-1: 49.5±5.4 ml∙min∙kg-1a 16 km∙h-1: 56.1±6.8 ml∙min∙kg-1 and on asphalt at 10 km∙h-1: 35.0±3.7 ml∙min∙- kg-1; 12 km∙h-1: 39.8±4.0 ml∙min∙kg-1; 14 km∙h-1: 46.3±5.1 ml∙min∙kg-1a 16 km∙h-1 : 53.5±4.8 ml∙min∙kg-1. The lowest values of oxygen uptake were found on asphalt surface. The asphalt is probably the most favorable surface according to energetic aspect.

scholarly journals Prevalence of ACSL (rs6552828) polymorphism among runners

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Sigal Ben-Zaken ◽  
Yoav Meckel ◽  
Dan Nemet ◽  
Alon Eliakim
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
The Common

The ACSL A/G polymorphism is associated with endurance trainability. Previous studies have demonstrated that homozygotes of the minor AA allele had a reduced maximal oxygen consumption response to training compared to the common GG allele homozygotes, and that the ACSL A/G single nucleotide polymorphism explained 6.1% of the variance in the VO2max response to endurance training. The contribution of ACSL single nucleotide polymorphism to endurance trainability was shown in nonathletes, however, its potential role in professional athletes is not clear. Moreover, the genetic basis to anaerobic trainability is even less studied. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of ACSL single nucleotide polymorphism among professional Israeli long distance runners (n=59), middle distance runners (n=31), sprinters and jumpers (n=48) and non-athletic controls (n=60). The main finding of the present study was that the ACSL1 AA genotype, previously shown to be associated with reduced endurance trainability, was not higher among sprinters and jumpers (15%) compared to middle- (16%) and long-distance runners (15%). This suggests that in contrast to previous studies indicating that the ACSL1 single nucleotide polymorphism may influence endurance trainability among non-athletic individuals, the role of this polymorphism among professional athletes is still not clear.

β-Adrenergic receptor number in human lymphocytes is inversely correlated with aerobic capacity

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. E1106-E1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuharu Fujii ◽  
Sachiko Homma ◽  
Fumio Yamazaki ◽  
Ryoko Sone ◽  
Takeshi Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Subsequent Degradation ◽  
Intracellular Compartments ◽  
Model Cell

In the present study, the relationships between β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) expression and aerobic capacity evaluated by maximal oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) and oxygen consumption level at ventilatory threshold (V˙o 2@VT) were investigated. Seventeen physically untrained and 25 trained men participated in the study. After supine resting, the peripheral blood was sampled for preparation of lymphocytes, the model cell used to analyze the β-AR state. The total number of β-AR in lymphocytes (β-ARtotal) was inversely correlated with theV˙o 2 max( r = −0.368; P < 0.05) and theV˙o 2@VT ( r = −0.359; P < 0.05). Similar relationships were also observed between the number of β-AR in cell surface and both V˙o 2 max( r = −0.491; P < 0.05) andV˙o 2@VT ( r = −0.498; P < 0.05). However, no correlation was obtained between the number of β-AR in intracellular compartments and eitherV˙o 2 max orV˙o 2@VT. The β2-AR mRNA level quantified by the use of competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was inversely correlated withV˙o 2@VT ( r = −0.567; P < 0.05) and positively correlated with β-ARtotal( r = 0.521; P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the β-AR number in lymphocytes is inversely correlated with aerobic capacity. This relationship may be explained by downregulation of β-AR, including internalization with subsequent degradation of the receptors and inhibition of the β-AR biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Aerobic capacity and respiratory patterns are better in recreational basketball-engaged university students than age-matched untrained males

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Mladen Mikić ◽  
Marko D.M. Stojanović ◽  
Aleksandra Milovančev ◽  
Tatjana Miljković ◽  
Marija Bjelobrk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
University Students ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Recreational Basketball

Abstract Study aim: To asses and compare the aerobic capacity and respiratory parameters in recreational basketball-engaged university students with age-matched untrained young adults. Material and methods: A total of 30 subjects were selected to took part in the study based on recreational-basketball activity level and were assigned to a basketball (BG: n = 15, age 22.86 ± 1.35 yrs., body height 185.07 ± 5.95 cm, body weight 81.21 ± 6.15 kg) and untrained group (UG: n = 15, age 22.60 ± 1.50 yrs., body height 181.53 ± 6.11 cm, body weight 76.89 ± 7.30 kg). Inspiratory vital capacity (IVC), forced expiration volume (FEV1), FEV1/IVC ratio, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), ventilatory threshold (VO2VT) and time to exhaustion, were measured in all subjects. Student T-test for independent Sample and Cohen’s d as the measure of the effect size were calculated. Results: Recreational basketball-engaged students (EG) reached significantly greater IVC (t = 7.240, p < 0.001, d = 1.854), FEV1 (t = 10.852, p < 0.001, d = 2.834), FEV1/IVC ratio (t = 6.370, p < 0.001, d = 3.920), maximal oxygen consumption (t = 9.039, p < 0.001, d = 3.310), ventilatory threshold (t = 9.859, p < 0.001, d = 3.607) and time to exhaustion (t = 12.361, p < 0.001, d = 4.515) compared to UG. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to recreational basketball leads to adaptive changes in aerobic and respiratory parameters in male university students.

scholarly journals Internal mechanical work and maximum subtalar joint pronation in different gradients

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Azevedo Lopes ◽  
Mayara Maciel Batista ◽  
Letícia Martins ◽  
André Luiz Kiihn ◽  
Marcos Roberto Queiroga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Mechanical Work ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract Introduction: Some authors have described the importance of physiological intensity in the behavior of the biomechanical aspects of running (for example, subtalar pronation), but the complex relationships between these variables are not yet well understood. Objective: This study investigated the influence of positive gradients on internal mechanical work (Wint) and maximum subtalar pronation at a submaximal running speed. Method: Sixteen male, trained long-distance runners (age: 29 ± 7 yr; stature: 1.72 ± 0.07 m; body mass: 72.1 ± 10.6 kg), performed four running economy tests (gradients: +1%, +5%, +10% and +15%, respectively) for four minutes at a same submaximal running speed to quantify the maximum values of subtalar pronation and predict the Wint values. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student’s T-test, and one-way repeated-measures (ANOVA) along with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: Wint increased according to the gradient (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the maximum values of maximum subtalar pronation corresponding to each gradient. Conclusion: Results show the maximum subtalar pronation during submaximal running depends on the speed rather than intensity of effort.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF EPOC AND RECOVERY ENERGY EXPENDITURE BETWEEN HIIT AND CONTINUOUS AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Ahlert ◽  
Fernando Matzenbacher ◽  
José Carlos dos Santos Albarello ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Halmenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Intensity Interval

ABSTRACT Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare EPOC - excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and recovery energy expenditure between high intensity interval aerobic exercise (HIIT) and continuous aerobic exercise in adult amateur runners. Methods: The study included 10 runners, with a mean age of 35.7 ± 5.87 years, height 1.69 ± 0.11 m; body mass 74.13 ± 11.26 kg; fat percentage 19.31 ± 4.27% and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) of 3.50 ± 0.64 l/kg/min-1. The continuous aerobic exercise protocol consisted of 20 minutes of running with intensity of 70-75% HRmax. Two 20-second cycles of 8 sprints were performed for HIIT at the highest possible speed, with 10 seconds of rest and a 3-minute interval between cycles. The sample group performed the two protocols at least 48 hours and at most one week apart. EPOC was observed using ergospirometry after the running protocols, and mean consumption was analyzed between 25-30 minutes after exercise. Oxygen consumption at 9-10 minutes was used for resting consumption. The study has a cross-sectional experimental design. Results: Oxygen consumption of 0.57 ± 0.29l/kg/min1 and energy expenditure of 2.84 ± 1.44 kcal/min were observed for continuous aerobic exercise, with values of 0.61 ± 0.62 l/kg/min−1 and 3.06 ± 1.10 kcal/min respectively (p <0.05) for HIIT. Conclusion: The protocols performed did not show a statistically significant difference in terms of EPOC and energy expenditure, but the performance of HIIT increased lipid metabolism for exercise recovery, which may favor the weight loss process. Moreover, this activity model takes up less time. Level of evidence I, randomized clinical trial.

scholarly journals Effect of neuromuscular resistance training on the performance of 5-km runners

Kinesiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Miller P. Guimarães ◽  
Yuri A.C. Campos ◽  
Hiago L.R. de Souza ◽  
Gaspar P. da Silva ◽  
Claudio Hernández-Mosqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Incremental Protocol ◽  
Fourth Session ◽  
Training Protocol

The study aimed to identify the effect of a neuromuscular resistance training protocol (NRTP) on the performance of 5-km distance runners. This study included 18 male runners (age=29.3±3.2 years, fat percentage=11.3±2.6%, body height=1.77±.04 m, body mass=73.4±4.4 kg, time in 5 km=20.6±2.4 min, training years=4.3±0.7 years). First, volunteers were anthropometrically evaluated, and they performed one-repetition maximum (1RM) 45º leg press (LP) strength test. Second, they performed an incremental protocol in the 45º LP to acquire the electromyographic threshold. Third, they completed a 5-km time trial run (5 km basal). In the fourth session, they performed NRTP in LP. And fifth, the 5-km time trial run was performed at 30 min, 48 h, 96 h, and 144 h post the NRTP intervention. A significant decrease (p≤.05) was observed when baseline values were compared with post 30 min and post 48 h (p=.02 and p=.04, respectively). However, there were significant positive differences in performance (p=.04 for time) when baseline values and post 144 h were analyzed. Therefore, it is concluded that the NRTP can be used by 5-km distance runners to improve their performance with a break of one week between the intervention and test.

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