scholarly journals Effect of neuromuscular resistance training on the performance of 5-km runners

Kinesiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Miller P. Guimarães ◽  
Yuri A.C. Campos ◽  
Hiago L.R. de Souza ◽  
Gaspar P. da Silva ◽  
Claudio Hernández-Mosqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Incremental Protocol ◽  
Fourth Session ◽  
Training Protocol

The study aimed to identify the effect of a neuromuscular resistance training protocol (NRTP) on the performance of 5-km distance runners. This study included 18 male runners (age=29.3±3.2 years, fat percentage=11.3±2.6%, body height=1.77±.04 m, body mass=73.4±4.4 kg, time in 5 km=20.6±2.4 min, training years=4.3±0.7 years). First, volunteers were anthropometrically evaluated, and they performed one-repetition maximum (1RM) 45º leg press (LP) strength test. Second, they performed an incremental protocol in the 45º LP to acquire the electromyographic threshold. Third, they completed a 5-km time trial run (5 km basal). In the fourth session, they performed NRTP in LP. And fifth, the 5-km time trial run was performed at 30 min, 48 h, 96 h, and 144 h post the NRTP intervention. A significant decrease (p≤.05) was observed when baseline values were compared with post 30 min and post 48 h (p=.02 and p=.04, respectively). However, there were significant positive differences in performance (p=.04 for time) when baseline values and post 144 h were analyzed. Therefore, it is concluded that the NRTP can be used by 5-km distance runners to improve their performance with a break of one week between the intervention and test.

scholarly journals Effects of multi-ingredient supplementation on resistance training in young males

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Willems ◽  
Chris Sallis ◽  
Jonathan Haskell
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Training Adaptations

Effects of multi-ingredient supplementation on resistance training in young malesMuscle strength and fatigue resistance increases with resistance training. Resistance training adaptations can be enhanced with single-ingredient or dual-ingredient supplementation but less is known about resistance training adaptations by multi-ingredient supplementation. We examined the effects of a commercial multi-ingredient supplement on resistance training adaptations for training-specific and non-training-specific tasks in young males. Male participants (n =16, age 21±2 years, body mass 74.5±5.9 kg, body height 177±5 cm) had at least 1 year experience with resistance training exercises. Training (7 muscle groups, 4 sessions/week, weekly adjustments) consisted of two 6 weeks blocks with 4 weeks between blocks. During training, participants consumed placebo (i.e. maltodextrin, n=7) or the sports nutritional supplement Cyclone (Maximuscle Ltd, UK, n=9) (main ingredients creatine monohydrate, whey protein, glutamine and HMB) twice daily with one intake <15 min following a training session. Unpaired Student's ttest was used for placebo and Cyclone group comparison of percentage changes with p<0.05. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated for the Cyclone group. Cyclone did not enhance maximal voluntary isometric force (MVIF) (p=0.56), time to fatigue at 70% MVIF (p=0.41) and peak concentric strength (60°·s-1) (p =0.66) of m.quadriceps femoris (i.e. the non-specific training tasks). For the specific-training tasks, Cyclone did not enhance one-repetition maximum (1-RM) of lateral pull (p=0.48) but there was a trend and large effect size for 1-RM of bench press (p=0.07, d=0.98) and 45° leg press (p=0.07, d=1.41). Cyclone resulted in an increase in number of repetitions for 80% pre-training 1-RM for lateral pull (p=0.02, d=1.30), bench press (p=0.03, d=1.20) with a trend for 45° leg press (p=0.08, d= 0.96). Cyclone during resistance training enhanced the performance of 1-RM and number of repetitions at 80% of pretraining 1RM of some training-specific tasks, all with large effect sizes. Our observations suggest that Cyclone during resistance training substantially improves the ability to perform training-related tasks.

Running economy and its correlation to performance and fitness variables in recreationally-trained distance runners

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.N. Bozzini ◽  
J.K. Pellegrino ◽  
A.J. Walker ◽  
B.A. McFadden ◽  
A.N. Poyssick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Physiological Capacity

Specific physiological attributes such as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and running economy (RE) have been suggested to help predict long distance performance in endurance athletes. Despite this, investigations of RE have yielded conflicting results, particularly when comparing elite and recreational runners. The purpose of this study was to illustrate correlations between RE, expressed as submaximal oxygen consumption at a given speed, and time trial (TT) performance in addition to various fitness markers in endurance-trained individuals. Trained distance runners (n=21) performed a battery of tests over three sessions to provide measurements of RE at 2.68 m/s (RE2.68) and 4.25 m/s (RE4.25), TT performance, VO2max, velocity at ventilatory threshold (VVT), and body composition. Pearson-product moment correlations, defined as weak (r≥0.25), moderate (r≥0.45), and strong (r≥0.65), were calculated among all measures and significance was set at P<0.05. The findings suggested that faster TT performance was significantly (P<0.05) correlated to a higher VO2max (r=-0.86) and lower body fat percentage (BF%; r=0.78). However, TT performance displayed only a weak trend to RE4.25 (r=-0.40, P=0.07) and was not correlated to RE2.68 (r=0.15; P>0.05). Additionally, better RE4.25 (i.e. decreased submaximal oxygen consumption) was associated with a lower VO2max (r=0.66, P<0.05) and an increased BF% (r=-0.46, P<0.05). RE2.68 revealed no significant relationships with these measures. Comparable to their elite counterparts, higher aerobic capacity is strongly linked to performance in recreational distance runners, though in this cohort RE only weakly related to performance at the faster velocity. Finally, the inverse relationship between markers of overall fitness and RE suggests that enhanced RE may be an adaptive response to a limited physiological capacity in this population.

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine Responses and Body Composition Changes Following Resistance Training Under Normobaric Hypoxia

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Chycki ◽  
Miłośz Czuba ◽  
Artur Gołaś ◽  
Adam Zając ◽  
Olga Fidos-Czuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Neuroendocrine Responses ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Training Protocol

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a 6 week resistance training protocol under hypoxic conditions (FiO2 = 12.9%, 4000 m) on muscle hypertrophy. The project included 12 resistance trained male subjects, randomly divided into two experimental groups. Group 1 (n = 6; age 21 ± 2.4 years; body height [BH] 178.8 ± 7.3 cm; body mass [BM] 80.6 ± 12.3 kg) and group 2 (n = 6; age 22 ± 1.5 years; BH 177.8 ± 3.7cm; BM 81.1 ± 7.5 kg). Each group performed resistance exercises alternately under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (4000 m) for 6 weeks. All subjects followed a training protocol that comprised two training sessions per week at an exercise intensity of 70% of 1RM; each training session consisted of eight sets of 10 repetitions of the bench press and barbell squat, with 3 min rest periods. The results indicated that strength training in normobaric hypoxia caused a significant increase in BM (p < 0.01) and fat free mass (FFM) (p < 0.05) in both groups. Additionally, a significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed in IGF-1 concentrations at rest after 6 weeks of hypoxic resistance training in both groups. The results of this study allow to conclude that resistance training (6 weeks) under normobaric hypoxic conditions induces greater muscle hypertrophy compared to training in normoxic conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Short-Term Concurrent Training Cessation on the Energy Cost of Running and Neuromuscular Performances in Middle-Distance Runners

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nicolas Berryman ◽  
Iñigo Mujika ◽  
Laurent Bosquet
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Explosive Strength ◽  
Energy Cost Of Running ◽  
Training Protocol

Evidence supports the implementation of concurrent strength and running training, within the same mesocycle, to improve performances in middle- and long-distance events. However, very little is known about the effects of concurrent training cessation. The purpose of this investigation was to describe the effects of 4 weeks of explosive strength training cessation after an 8-week concurrent training protocol. Eight runners completed this study, which first included either plyometric (n = 4) or dynamic weight training (n = 4) in addition to the usual running regimen. Explosive strength training was thereafter interrupted for 4 weeks, during which running sessions were maintained. Participants were tested at baseline, after concurrent training and after concurrent training cessation. The results suggest that the energy cost of running improvements observed after the intervention (−5.75%; 95% CI = −8.47 to −3.03) were maintained once explosive strength training was interrupted (−6.31%; 95% CI = −10.30 to −2.32). The results also suggest that neuromuscular performances were maintained after 4 weeks of concurrent training cessation, especially when tests were specific to the training intervention. Furthermore, a 3000m time trial revealed a similar pattern, with improvements after the concurrent mesocycle (−2.40%; 95% CI = −4.65 to −0.16) and after concurrent training cessation (−4.43%; 95% CI = −6.83 to −2.03). Overall, only trivial changes were observed for aerobic endurance and V˙O2peak. Together, these results suggest that short-term explosive strength training cessation might be beneficial and could be considered as a taper strategy for middle-distance runners. However, coaches and athletes must interpret these results cautiously considering the study’s low sample size and the very limited available literature in this domain.

Effect of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Performance of Competitive Distance Runners

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Hamilton ◽  
Carl D. Paton ◽  
William G. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Experimental Group

In a recent study competitive road cyclists experienced substantial gains in sprint and endurance performance when sessions of high-intensity interval training were added to their usual training in the competitive phase of a season. The current study reports the effect of this type of training on performance of 20 distance runners randomized to an experimental or control group for 5 to 7 weeks of training. The experimental group replaced part of their usual competitive-phase training with 10 × 30-minute sessions consisting of 3 sets of explosive single-leg jumps (20 for each leg) alternating with 3 sets of resisted treadmill sprints (5 × 30-second efforts alternating with 30-second recovery). Before and after the training period all runners completed an incremental treadmill test for assessment of lactate threshold and maximum running speed, 2 treadmill runs to exhaustion for prediction of 800- and 1500-m times, and a 5-km outdoor time trial. Relative to the control group, the mean changes (±90% confidence limits) in the experimental group were: maximum running speed, 1.8% (± 1.1%); lactate-threshold speed, 3.5% (±3.4%); predicted 800-m speed, 3.6% (± 1.8%); predicted 1500-m speed, 3.7% (± 3.0%); and 5-km time-trial speed, 1.2% (± 1.1%). We conclude that high-intensity resistance training in the competitive phase is likely to produce beneficial gains in performance for most distance runners.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1912
Author(s):  
Scott C. Forbes ◽  
Darren G. Candow ◽  
Sergej M. Ostojic ◽  
Michael D. Roberts ◽  
Philip D. Chilibeck
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Meta Analyses

Creatine supplementation in conjunction with resistance training (RT) augments gains in lean tissue mass and strength in aging adults; however, there is a large amount of heterogeneity between individual studies that may be related to creatine ingestion strategies. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to (1) perform updated meta-analyses comparing creatine vs. placebo (independent of dosage and frequency of ingestion) during a resistance training program on measures of lean tissue mass and strength, (2) perform meta-analyses examining the effects of different creatine dosing strategies (lower: ≤5 g/day and higher: >5 g/day), with and without a creatine-loading phase (≥20 g/day for 5–7 days), and (3) perform meta-analyses determining whether creatine supplementation only on resistance training days influences measures of lean tissue mass and strength. Overall, creatine (independent of dosing strategy) augments lean tissue mass and strength increase from RT vs. placebo. Subanalyses showed that creatine-loading followed by lower-dose creatine (≤5 g/day) increased chest press strength vs. placebo. Higher-dose creatine (>5 g/day), with and without a creatine-loading phase, produced significant gains in leg press strength vs. placebo. However, when studies involving a creatine-loading phase were excluded from the analyses, creatine had no greater effect on chest press or leg press strength vs. placebo. Finally, creatine supplementation only on resistance training days significantly increased measures of lean tissue mass and strength vs. placebo.

Comparison of CrossFit Barbara and classic resistance trainings for the protection of strength performance during off-season in kickboxers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Cebrail Gençoğlu ◽  
İlhan Şen
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Push Up

BACKGROUND: The inability of athletes to train or the decrease in the intensity and frequency of training may cause athletes to lose performance. Particularly in view of the current COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining strength outside the normal framework provides an advantage to athletes for the next competitions. OBJECTIVE: To compare the CrossFit Barbara which can be applied easily at home during the off-season or some situations such as the epidemic limitation to classic resistance training methods used to maintain the strength performance of national kickboxers. METHODS: Forty-three national kickboxers, CrossFit (CF, n= 22), and resistance training (RT, n= 21), participated in this study. While CF performed 20 pull-ups, 30 push-ups, 40 sit-ups, and 50 squat exercises, RT performed bench press, lat pull down, leg press, biceps curl, and triceps extension exercises twice per week for six weeks. Before and after the six weeks, the following variables were measured; body mass (BM) and body fat percentage (FP), VO2max, bench press (BP), squat (SQ), leg strength (LS), hand grip strength (HGS), pull-up, push-up and counter movement jump (CMJ). RESULTS: BP (p< 0.001, F= 41.125, ηp2= 0.501), SQ (p< 0.001, F= 26.604, ηp2= 0.394), LS (p< 0.001, F= 15.234, ηp2= 0.271), push-up (p< 0.001, F= 31.978, ηp2= 0.438) and pull-up (p< 0.001, F= 24.410, ηp2= 0.373) values changed significantly in group-time interaction between CF and RT groups, while there was no significant difference for the BM (p= 0.198, F= 1.715, ηp2= 0.040), Fat (p= 0.265, F= 1.279, ηp2= 0.030), HGS (p= 0.665, F= 0.190, ηp2= 0.005, CMJ (p= 0.054, F= 3.946, ηp2= 0.088) and VO2max (p=0.747, F= 0.106, ηp2= 0.003). Furthermore, according to the before and after study values, BP, SQ, LS, and CMJ decreased significantly (p< 0.05) while BM, FP, HGS, VO2max, pull-up and push-up variables did not in the CF (p> 0.05). In the RT, the pull-up and push-up variables decreased significantly (p< 0.05) while there was no significant difference for BP, SQ, LS, HGS, VO2max, body mass, body fat percentage and CMJ (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: CF Barbara workout was more effective in maintaining strength endurance performances, and RT in maintaining maximum strength performances. According to the individual performance needs of athletes, reasonable training method can be used to prevent performance decrement in the strength domain.

Metabolic and Cardiac Autonomic Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training Protocol in Wistar Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 618-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula de Deus ◽  
Claudio Ricardo de Oliveira ◽  
Rodrigo Polaquini Simões ◽  
Vilmar Baldissera ◽  
Carlos Alberto da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Training Protocol
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