The Energetic Aspect of Organic Wastes Addition on Sewage Sludge Anaerobic Digestion: A Laboratory Investigation

One of the possibilities to achieve energy neutrality of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is the implementation of the anaerobic co-digestion strategy. However, a key factor in its successful implementation on the technical scale is the application of components with complementary composition to sewage sludge (SS). In the 7resent study, the influence of adding various co-substrates on the energy balance of anaerobic digestion was evaluated. The following organic wastes were used as additional components to SS: organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and distillery spent wash (DW) applied in two- and three-component systems. The experiments were performed in semi-flow anaerobic reactors with the volume of 40 L under mesophilic conditions (35 °C) at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 20, 18, and 16 d. The application of substrates to SS resulted in enhancements of methane yields as compared to SS mono-digestion. The statistically significant differences were observed in tertiary mixtures at both HRT of 18 and 16 d. Therein, average values were 0.20 and 0.23 m3 kg−1VSadd at HRT of 18 and 16 d, respectively. Among all co-digestion series, the most beneficial effect on energy balance was found in 20% v/v DW presence in both two- and three-component systems at HRT of 16 d.

Desire as the Experience of Self Arising Awareness: A Phenomenology

El deseo es la experiencia de la automanifestación del campo de la conciencia. El deseo surge de la plenitud del ser y del impulso creativo del ser que se despliega. El deseo primordial es el sentido de la automanifestación de la esencia de la conciencia eterna que se manifiesta en el tiempo y en el espacio. El deseo es el corazón dinámico de la existencia vital. La vitalidad es el aspecto energético del ser. El desapego disociativo del deseo es una negación de nuestra no dualidad con el ser.AbstractDesire is the Experience of Self Manifestation of the Field of Awareness. Desire arises out of Being’s fullness and Being’s unfolding creative momentum. Primordial desire is the felt sense of the self-manifestation of the essence of timeless awareness manifesting in time and in space. Desire is the dynamic heart of vital existingness. Vital-ness is the energetic aspect of Being. Dissociative Detachment from Desire is a Negation of Our Non Duality with Being.

ENERGETIC AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF AUSTEMPERED NODULAR CASTING

Tribological properties of austempered ductile irons, as well as of other materials, are determined by measuring the friction force in tribo-mechanical systems (energetic aspect) and by measuring wear parameters (economic aspects). Tribological properties of two types of austempered ductile irons are presented from both of these aspects. Experimental investigation was realised on "Pin on Disk" tribometer. PQ index was used as a wear parameter for wear intensity determination.

Srovnání ekonomiky běhu na základě příjmu kyslíku u vytrvalostních běžců na asfaltu, škváře a tartanu

The purpose of this study was to compare running economy (by oxygen consumption) in long distance runners on three different surfaces (asphalt, cinder and tartan). Thirty Czech long distance runners (age: 25.1±4.3 years, height: 183.2±7.4 cm, body mass: 72.4±6.0 kg, BMI: 22.5±1.4 and VO2 max: 65.8±5.2 ml∙min∙kg-1) participated in this study. We measured oxygen uptake by wireless, portable cardiopulmonary stress testing system (Oxygen Mobile, Viasys) on each surface during running at speeds: 10, 12, 14 and 16 km∙h-1. Differences of oxygen uptake were assessed statistically using parametric ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD test. We found significant differences between asphalt and cinder for 12, 14 and 16 km∙h-1. Differences of average values of oxygen uptake on tartan at 10 km∙h-1:35.2±2.8 ml∙min∙kg-1; 12 km∙h-1: 41.0±3.4 ml∙min∙kg-1; 14 km∙h-1: 47.8±4.2 ml∙min∙kg-1a 16 km∙h-1: 54.2±4.9 ml∙min∙kg-1; on cinder at 10 km∙h-1: 36.2±3.6 ml∙min∙kg-1; 12 km∙h-1: 42.5±3.9 ml∙min∙kg-1; 14 km∙h-1: 49.5±5.4 ml∙min∙kg-1a 16 km∙h-1: 56.1±6.8 ml∙min∙kg-1 and on asphalt at 10 km∙h-1: 35.0±3.7 ml∙min∙- kg-1; 12 km∙h-1: 39.8±4.0 ml∙min∙kg-1; 14 km∙h-1: 46.3±5.1 ml∙min∙kg-1a 16 km∙h-1 : 53.5±4.8 ml∙min∙kg-1. The lowest values of oxygen uptake were found on asphalt surface. The asphalt is probably the most favorable surface according to energetic aspect.

Evaluation of various silo sorghum hybrids from the energetic aspect

The sweet sorghum is a perspective plant of bioenergy, which can be the foundation of Hungarian bioethanol production in the future. By the examination six sweet sorghum hybrids have been examinated by the viewpoint of sugar aggregation and bioethanol production capacity. The founda tion of the surve y was three growing se ason (201 0, 2011, 2012 ). The ex per ime nt w as on the production sites of U niversity of Debrecen CAAES RISF Karcag Research Institute. The production site of the sweet sorghum have been sampled by samples of 1 m2 by hybrids within the period of august 15 and november 15. The sugar content of the samples have been measured by refractometer which was the base in the determination of ethanol production capacity. As a continuation of the evaluation of energetic viewpoint the Higher Heating Value (HHV) have been measured from the bagasse of sweet sorghums. According to the results it can be stated that int he case of sugarcontent and the dinamics of the sugar aggregation can show several differences, while HHV of sorghum bagasse is within 16 200 and 16 900 J g-1.

Informationism, Information and Its Neuronal Theories

In this chapter an epistemology, based in the information, as the paradigm, that rules our lives, is stated - Informationism -. Information, or perhaps the message, reaches the brain as tiny impulses - quanta or useful information -, hitting and activating the neurones; as a consequence becoming quanta of useful information which produce knowledge, science and wisdom. Some definitions of information are quoted, as well as its connotations and peculiarities. The physical, psychic and pragmatic, etc. connotations of information are studied, including its energetic aspect; within a Cosmovision of it. Some neuronal theories are also studied.

Energetic aspect of diesel engine operation

The paper provides a proposal of a quantitative interpretation of operation which (as the operation of Hamilton and Maupertius presented in classical mechanics and the operation issuing from change of the body momentum) is considered as a physical quantity with the measurement unit called a joule-second [joule × second]. An original method for analyzing and estimating the engine operation has been demonstrated in the energetic aspect for the operating needs. The homogenous Poison process and semi-Markov process have been herein applied to justify the usability of such interpreted operation. The two processes have made it possible to formulate a model deterioration of the diesel engine operation over time. Thus, the model is a random Poisson process or semi-Markov process. It has also been shown that the integral calculus can be (and should be) applied to identify the energetic properties of an engine. Considerations on the energetic aspect of diesel engine operation are provided on the example of marine engines of a ship’s main propulsion system.