scholarly journals Dark diversity in the dark: a new approach to subterranean conservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camile Sorbo Fernandes ◽  
Marco A. Batalha ◽  
Maria Elina Bichuette
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Species Pool ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Biodiversity Patterns ◽  
As Species ◽  
Subterranean Species ◽  
Ecological Filters

When trying to predict biodiversity patterns, species absences in a community can be as informative as species presences. The concept of dark diversity considers geographical and ecological filters to set an expected species pool and to compare it with the observed species pool, through an index known as community completeness. Completeness shows no relationship with latitude, allowing the comparison of different communities and regions concerning community saturation. Here we propose the use of these methods to a better understanding of subterranean biodiversity patterns. We applied patterns of co-occurrence among phylogenetically related species to set the theoretical species pool and then compared it with the observed richness, using isopods as model taxon. Except for one cave, dark diversity was equal or higher than observed richness. Even though completeness was low in most cases, those caves with higher completeness represent a valuable sample of regional subterranean species pool and may act as a repository of diversity. Our study showed that the dark diversity approach is adaptable to studies of subterranean communities and may be coupled with other conservation tools towards more effective management decisions.

Guides for Estimating Forest Stand Losses to Gypsy Moth

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Gansner ◽  
Owen W. Herrick
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Measure Data ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
As Species

Abstract People who have to make decisions about cost-effective management for gypsy moth need help in predicting and evaluating its effects. Field plot data collected during recent outbreaks in Pennsylvania are being used to develop guides for predicting forest stand losses to the pest Presented here are some of the more useful products of that effort to date. Easy-to-measure data for forest characteristics such as species composition and crown condition can be collected and applied in models that estimate potential stand and tree mortality and changes in timber value. North. J. Appl. For. 2:21-23, June 1984.

Management decisions to support and maintain the socio-economic development of the territories

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Yu. Bobrovska ◽  
Mykola O. Durman ◽  
Тetyana A. Kravchenko ◽  
Anastasiia I. Nekriach ◽  
Oleg A. Diegtiar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Practical Reason ◽  
Maintenance Management ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Municipal Management ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Effective Distribution

The basis of the formation of a theoretical-methodological and practical reason for making effective management decisions to support and maintain the process of socio-economic development of territories is studied in the article. It was found that in order to solve this problem, it should be necessary to form an effective management policy through the improvement of mechanisms to support and maintain the process of socio-economic development of territories in the context of significant changes in the format of national and municipal management of territorial communities. The essence of the “socio-economic development of territories” category has been clarified. The functional responsibilities of subjects of the system of socio-economic development of territories supporting and maintaining the process of socio-economic development of territories by making effective management decisions are systematized. The main characteristics of the elements of the system of socio-economic development of the territory are summarized and it is concluded that the key for making management decisions is planning, mechanisms of public governance and diagnostics of the effectiveness of the developed system of socio-economic development of the territory. It was concluded that the process of supporting and maintenance management decisions on the socio-economic development of the territories of Ukraine is a complex, multidimensional and mutually agreed system, which includes many elements and relationships between them and the basis for the functioning of which is the effective distribution of functional responsibilities among the subjects and objects of this system.

Nitrite-stimulated Gastric Formation of S-nitrosothiols As An Antihypertensive Therapeutic Strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo H. Oliveira-Paula ◽  
Jose E. Tanus-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Nitrate Therapy ◽  
Nitrite Reductase Activity ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
No Bioavailability ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate ◽  
Therapy Of Hypertension

Hypertension is usually associated with deficient nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and therefore stimulating NO activity is an important antihypertensive strategy. Recently, many studies have shown that both nitrite and nitrate anions are not simple products of NO metabolism and indeed may be reduced back to NO. While enzymes with nitrite-reductase activity capable of generating NO from nitrite may contribute to antihypertensive effects of nitrite, another mechanism involving the generation of NO-related species in the stomach from nitrite has been validated. Under the acidic conditions of the stomach, nitrite generates NO-related species that form S-nitrosothiols. Conversely, drugs that increase gastric pH may impair the gastric formation of S-nitrosothiols, which may mediate antihypertensive effects of oral nitrite or nitrate. Therefore, it is now becoming clear that promoting gastric formation of S-nitrosothiols may result in effective antihypertensive responses, and this mechanism opens a window of opportunity in the therapy of hypertension. In this review, we discuss the recent studies supporting the gastric generation of S-nitrosothiols as a potential antihypertensive mechanism of oral nitrite. We also highlight some drugs that increase S-nitrosothiols bioavailability, which may also improve the responses to nitrite/nitrate therapy. This new approach may result in increased nitrosation of critical pharmacological receptors and enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, which tend to respond less to their activators resulting in lower blood pressure.

EFFECTIVELY MANAGING LEVEL OF EFFORT IN OIL SPILL CLEANUP: RESOLVING THE “HOW CLEAN IS CLEAN” ISSUE

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 663-666
Author(s):  
Peter A. Tebeau
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Response Effort ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Exxon Valdez ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup ◽  
Level Of Effort

ABSTRACT Successful oil spill response requires effectively managing the level of effort devoted to response operations. This includes choosing appropriate technologies and implementing them to achieve optimal environmental benefit, while controlling costs. At the end of the response, effective management requires resolving the “how clean is clean” issue to ensure a smooth termination of the response effort. Various approaches to making these management decisions are reviewed, based on experience in the Exxon Valdez, American Trader, and Morris J. Berman spills. The advantages and constraints of these approaches are summarized, along with suggestions about how the process might be facilitated.

Causes and factors of conflicts in real sector enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Yuri Obolonsky
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Complex Object ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Management Decisions

In certain situations, conflicts in the organization are not only possible, but also desirable. Their role depends on how effectively they are managed. Managers, as subjects of conflict management, must determine the strategic line of behavior and program of action, as well as the tactics of influencing this complex object of management. This requires making effective management decisions, checking the results of their practical implementation, adjusting if necessary, promptly obtaining information about the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the measures taken in order to find the optimal option for overcoming (resolving) the conflict.

scholarly journals Features of Big Data market risk identification

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-95
Author(s):  
Olena Shandrivska ◽  
◽  
A. Kyrylenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Data Confidentiality ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Data Market ◽  
Big Data Technologies ◽  
High Level

The paper hypothesizes that the dynamic digitalization of the economy, based on the benefits of using Big data, accelerates the use in management and production processes of technologies offered by this market. However, it is noted that the acquisitions of the Big data market also exacerbate the socio- economic contradictions between countries with developed market economies and institutionally underdeveloped countries, which include Ukraine. The authors of the study proposed to identify the Big data market with such key indicators as total revenue, number of Internet users, losses of Big Data market participants from data leakage. Thus, the high rates of development of the Big data market in terms of growth of total market income in 8,03 times during 2011 — 2020 were witnessed. The main segments of the Big Data market (service segment, software segment and service segment) were identified. It is established that the largest share of the Big Data market is occupied by the services segment (37,5% in 2020). From 2021, the growth rate of the software segment is expected to exceed other segments of this market — hardware and services. The results of the analysis of the Big Data market by M. Porter’s five forces model show that the most important of the competitive forces in the market is a high level of competition, in which market participants are encouraged to focus on potential needs and expectations of their customers to strengthen bases of differentiation and clear positioning of the services. According to the results of the SWOT-analysis of the Big Data market, the following strengths were identified: business expansion due to the increase in the amount of information it owns; increasing the number of customer reviews through social networks; establishing strategic partnerships with suppliers, dealers and other stakeholders through the use of Big Data; permanent training of employees to maintain the competitiveness of organizations; established IT system of the enterprise, which promotes faster adoption of effective management decisions; high incomes due to effective management decisions, possession of market research results through Big Data technologies. The identified market opportunities are: population growth, which means an increase in the number of potential consumers and the amount of data collected; growth in the number of enterprises that implement e-commerce in their activities; growth of active consumers due to the integration of Big Data into social networks; increasing the share of automated processes, which helps reduce costs; growing popularity of IT specialization in universities; globalization of the economy, which allows companies to expand their activities to other countries. On the basis of identified strengths of the market and its capabilities, the following strategic directions of development are proposed: entry of enterprises into new markets due to market globalization and effective implementation of Big Data technologies; use of social networks to collect consumer data and involve them in Big Data processes; improvement of the e-commerce system of enterprises due to the capabilities of well-established IT systems of the enterprise with the capabilities of Big Data; reduction of product prices due to cost optimization and effective interaction with contractors. The results of the research allowed to identify the following main risks of the industry: destruction of data confidentiality; collection of false data, infringement of intellectual property of a third party, etc. The formed risk matrix indicates that the most significant risks of this market are the reduction of information security of the entity due to hacker attacks (probability of 50%, significant damage) and the destruction of data confidentiality (probability of 25%, significant damage). Qualitative interpretation of risks in the Big Data market allowed to characterize the impact of adverse factors of internal and external environments, namely: insufficient unreliability of cloud storage for data storage; high level of distrust of data carriers to companies using Big Data; high staff turnover in the market, etc. Assessing the risk of data loss due to hacker attacks allowed to identify it as a risk of a high level of importance (6 p.). Based on the obtained result, it is concluded that the activities of Big Data market participants are vulnerable to possible hacker intrusions and require more effective measures to ensure reliable data protection of enterprises and their customers.

scholarly journals The bottled drinking water market in China: features of sustainable development

2021 ◽  
Vol 885 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
S E Zhelaeva ◽  
T K Khamaganova ◽  
B B Sharaldaev ◽  
E Ts Garmaeva ◽  
Yu Hunkai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Water Market ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water

Abstract This article briefly presents the results of a market research study of the bottled drinking water market in China. The purpose of this study is to describe the overall situation in the Chinese bottled drinking water market, identify sustainable growth and expansion trends, as well as potential opportunities for export of Baikal drinking water through the introduction of domestic (regional) business to the Chinese market. The results of the study can be used to guide foreign business activities in the bottled drinking market and to make effective management decisions.

scholarly journals Management of Complex Risk of the Airline's Activities in order to Ensure Economic Security

TEM Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1534-1539
Author(s):  
Anna A. Burdina ◽  
Nataliya V. Moskvicheva ◽  
Narmina O. Melik-Aslanova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
The Impact

The study proposes to consider the concept of complex risk of an airline from the position of a systematic approach and define risk as a threat to the economic security of an airline. The analysis of theoretical and methodological aspects of risk assessment is carried out. One method is proposed for determining and predicting a complex risk as a threat to the economic security of an airline based on an analysis of the probability of events and the impact on the company's activities in order to make effective management decisions to strengthen the economic security of an airline.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF METHODICAL APPROACHES TO THE ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS OF INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

2020 ◽  
Vol 288 (6) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
G. Khioni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Methods Of Analysis

The purpose of this study is to assess the current methodological support for the analysis of indicators of investment attractiveness of enterprises and agribusiness projects, identify shortcomings and justify proposals in order to make effective management decisions on the feasibility of investing. Methods of analysis of indicators of investment attractiveness of enterprises, approved at the legislative level, are investigated, their shortcomings are defined. Indicators of investment attractiveness are indicators on the basis of which investors determine the feasibility of investing. In most cases, in order to make effective management decisions, it is customary to conduct a comprehensive analysis. One of the methods of independent inspection of an enterprise or object for investment, based on an integrated approach, is the Due Diligence method. To date, there is no single comprehensive method of Due Diligence. Such verification is carried out by enterprises with the use of foreign practices, with the adaptation of the methodology to the peculiarities of the national business and economic environment, as well as with the use of national methods of analysis and evaluation of enterprises. Having analyzed the methodological support for the analysis of enterprises in Ukraine, we can state that the main criteria for assessing the financial stability of the enterprise are: financial stability, profitability, solvency, creditworthiness, liquidity and business activity. According to the functional purpose, the assessment of agribusiness enterprises has the same methodology as the assessment of enterprises of other sectors of the economy. However, when analyzing the performance of agricultural enterprises, it is necessary to take into account specific objects – biological assets of plant and animal origin, seasonality, climatic conditions, land relations, heterogeneity of equipment and means of production over time. As a result of the study, the method of analysis of investment attractiveness of agricultural enterprises taking into account sectoral characteristics was further developed, including the following indicators: environmental and economic effect, budget effect, social efficiency of the project, efficiency of modernization, efficiency of innovation. The use of these indicators will increase the efficiency of managing indicators of investment attractiveness of investments.

scholarly journals A method of deriving operation-specific ski run classes for avalanche risk management decisions in mechanized skiing

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reto Sterchi ◽  
Pascal Haegeli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Avalanche Risk Management ◽  
Avalanche Risk

Abstract. An in-depth understanding of the nature of the available terrain and its exposure to avalanche hazard is crucial for making informed risk management decisions when travelling in the backcountry. While the Avalanche Terrain Exposure Scale (ATES) is broadly used for providing recreationists with terrain information, this type of terrain classification has so far only seen limited adoption within the professional ski guiding community. We hypothesize that it is the generic nature and small number of terrain classes of ATES and its precursor systems that prevent them from offering meaningful assistance to professional decision makers. Working with two mechanized skiing operations in British Columbia, Canada, we present a new approach for deriving terrain classifications from daily terrain assessment records. We used a combination of self-organizing maps and hierarchical clustering to identify groups of ski runs that have been assessed similarly in the past and organized them into operation-specific ski run hierarchies. We then examined the nature of the emerging ski run hierarchies using comprehensive run characterizations from experienced guides. Our approach produces high-resolution ski run hierarchies that offer a more nuanced and meaningful perspective on the available skiing terrain and provide new opportunities for examining professional avalanche risk management practices and developing meaningful decision aids.

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