scholarly journals Assembling the Web of Things and Microservices for the Management of Cyber-Physical Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 734-754
Author(s):  
Manel Mena ◽  
Javier Criado ◽  
Luis Iribarne ◽  
Antonio Corral
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Web Of Things ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Web

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT) devices are handled by numerous different protocols. The management and connection to those devices tend to create usability and integrability issues. This brings about the need for a solution capable of facilitating the communication between different platforms and devices. The Web of Things (WoT) describes interfaces and interaction patterns among things, thereby abstracting itself from the underlying protocols used to manage those things and their implementation strategies. This paper describes the concept of Digital Dice, an abstraction of IoT devices and CPS capable of leveraging the advantages of microservices architectures and inspired by the concept of Digital Twins. A Digital Dice is a servient system of the WoT domain that represents a device by the features of the device, hence different WoT description models result in different microservices related to the particular thing. The paper explores the definition of Digital Dices and the conversion between WoT Thing Description Models and Digital Dices and the architecture that sustains the system.

scholarly journals eWoT: A Semantic Interoperability Approach for Heterogeneous IoT Ecosystems Based on the Web of Things

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 822
Author(s):  
Andrea Cimmino ◽  
María Poveda-Villalón ◽  
Raúl García-Castro 
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Sparql Query ◽  
Web Of Things ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Constant Growth ◽  
The Web

With the constant growth of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems, allowing them to interact transparently has become a major issue for both the research and the software development communities. In this paper we propose a novel approach that builds semantically interoperable ecosystems of IoT devices. The approach provides a SPARQL query-based mechanism to transparently discover and access IoT devices that publish heterogeneous data. The approach was evaluated in order to prove that it provides complete and correct answers without affecting the response time and that it scales linearly in large ecosystems.

scholarly journals Web of Things Platforms for Distance Learning Scenarios in Computer Science Disciplines: A Practical Approach

Technologies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Llanos Tobarra ◽  
Antonio Robles-Gómez ◽  
Rafael Pastor ◽  
Roberto Hernández ◽  
Jesús Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Web Of Things ◽  
Virtual Laboratories ◽  
Learning Scenarios ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Web

Problem-based learning is a widely used learning methodology in the field of technological disciplines, especially in distance education environments. In these environments, the most used tools, which provide learning scenarios, are remote and virtual laboratories. Internet of Things (IoT) devices can be used as remote or virtual laboratories. In addition to this, they can be organized/orchestrated to build remote maker spaces through the web. These types of spaces are called the Web of Things (WoT). This paper proposes the use of these types of spaces and their integration as practical activities into the curricula of technological subjects. This approach will allow us to achieve two fundamental objectives: (1) To improve the academic results (grades) of students; and (2) to increase engagement and interest of students in the studied technologies, including IoT devices. These platforms are modeled using archetypes based on different typologies and usage scenarios. In particular, these usage scenarios will implement a learning strategy for each problem to be solved. The current work shows the evolution of these archetypes and their application in the teaching of disciplines/subjects defined in computer science, such as distributed computing and cybersecurity.

scholarly journals Detecting security attacks in cyber-physical systems: a comparison of Mule and WSO2 intelligent IoT architectures

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e787
Author(s):  
José Roldán-Gómez ◽  
Juan Boubeta-Puig ◽  
Gabriela Pachacama-Castillo ◽  
Guadalupe Ortiz ◽  
Jose Luis Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Security Attacks ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Time Detection ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm keeps growing, and many different IoT devices, such as smartphones and smart appliances, are extensively used in smart industries and smart cities. The benefits of this paradigm are obvious, but these IoT environments have brought with them new challenges, such as detecting and combating cybersecurity attacks against cyber-physical systems. This paper addresses the real-time detection of security attacks in these IoT systems through the combined used of Machine Learning (ML) techniques and Complex Event Processing (CEP). In this regard, in the past we proposed an intelligent architecture that integrates ML with CEP, and which permits the definition of event patterns for the real-time detection of not only specific IoT security attacks, but also novel attacks that have not previously been defined. Our current concern, and the main objective of this paper, is to ensure that the architecture is not necessarily linked to specific vendor technologies and that it can be implemented with other vendor technologies while maintaining its correct functionality. We also set out to evaluate and compare the performance and benefits of alternative implementations. This is why the proposed architecture has been implemented by using technologies from different vendors: firstly, the Mule Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) together with the Esper CEP engine; and secondly, the WSO2 ESB with the Siddhi CEP engine. Both implementations have been tested in terms of performance and stress, and they are compared and discussed in this paper. The results obtained demonstrate that both implementations are suitable and effective, but also that there are notable differences between them: the Mule-based architecture is faster when the architecture makes use of two message broker topics and compares different types of events, while the WSO2-based one is faster when there is a single topic and one event type, and the system has a heavy workload.

scholarly journals The challenges, approaches, and used techniques of CPS for manufacturing in Industry 4.0: a literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2395-2412
Author(s):  
Baudouin Dafflon ◽  
Nejib Moalla ◽  
Yacine Ouzrout
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Granularity Level ◽  
Human Component

AbstractThis work aims to review literature related to the latest cyber-physical systems (CPS) for manufacturing in the revolutionary Industry 4.0 for a comprehensive understanding of the challenges, approaches, and used techniques in this domain. Different published studies on CPS for manufacturing in Industry 4.0 paradigms through 2010 to 2019 were searched and summarized. We, then, analyzed the studies at a different granularity level inspecting the title, abstract, and full text to include in the prospective study list. Out of 626 primarily extracted relevant articles, we scrutinized 78 articles as the prospective studies on CPS for manufacturing in Industry 4.0. First, we analyzed the articles’ context to identify the major components along with their associated fine-grained constituents of Industry 4.0. Then, we reviewed different studies through a number of synthesized matrices to narrate the challenges, approaches, and used techniques as the key-enablers of the CPS for manufacturing in Industry 4.0. Although the key technologies of Industry 4.0 are the CPS, Internet of Things (IoT), and Internet of Services (IoS), the human component (HC), cyber component (CC), physical component (PC), and their HC-CC, CC-PC, and HC-PC interfaces need to be standardized to achieve the success of Industry 4.0.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things in Industry 4.0

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Radanliev ◽  
David De Roure ◽  
Razvan Nicolescu ◽  
Michael Huth ◽  
Omar Santos
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Leading Industry ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
State Of Art ◽  
Social Level

AbstractThis paper presents a new design for artificial intelligence in cyber-physical systems. We present a survey of principles, policies, design actions and key technologies for CPS, and discusses the state of art of the technology in a qualitative perspective. First, literature published between 2010 and 2021 is reviewed, and compared with the results of a qualitative empirical study that correlates world leading Industry 4.0 frameworks. Second, the study establishes the present and future techniques for increased automation in cyber-physical systems. We present the cybersecurity requirements as they are changing with the integration of artificial intelligence and internet of things in cyber-physical systems. The grounded theory methodology is applied for analysis and modelling the connections and interdependencies between edge components and automation in cyber-physical systems. In addition, the hierarchical cascading methodology is used in combination with the taxonomic classifications, to design a new integrated framework for future cyber-physical systems. The study looks at increased automation in cyber-physical systems from a technical and social level.

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